This paper depicts a category of memory in the works by Vadim Borisov, a historian of the Orthodox Church and a literary critic, whose fate in the communist period was strictly connected to the political activity of A. Solzhenitsyn. The most known works by Borisov are primarily devoted to various issues of the Soviet people in the philosophical and historical perspective, but they also stress the problem of memory very clearly. The author of the article characterises several aspects of the phenomenon juxtaposing them with the theories proposed by contemporary memory scientists. The scrutiny shows that Borisov's deliberations surpassed the boundaries of political discourse underlining cultural and religious dimensions of the given problem which have become an important subject under consideration of many subsequent scholars.
{"title":"Od duchowości do literatury. Aspekty pamięci w publicystyce Wadima Borisowa","authors":"M. Sidor","doi":"10.31648/pw.8464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8464","url":null,"abstract":"This paper depicts a category of memory in the works by Vadim Borisov, a historian of the Orthodox Church and a literary critic, whose fate in the communist period was strictly connected to the political activity of A. Solzhenitsyn. The most known works by Borisov are primarily devoted to various issues of the Soviet people in the philosophical and historical perspective, but they also stress the problem of memory very clearly. The author of the article characterises several aspects of the phenomenon juxtaposing them with the theories proposed by contemporary memory scientists. The scrutiny shows that Borisov's deliberations surpassed the boundaries of political discourse underlining cultural and religious dimensions of the given problem which have become an important subject under consideration of many subsequent scholars.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47095241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In contrast to his predecessor, President Dmitry Medvedev pushed Russia into a wave of socio-economic changes. His only term in the years 2008-2012 was dominated by the concept of modernization, which included democratization, market-oriented reforms, anti-corruption campaigns, and the support of civil society. Nevertheless, the results of the modernization program were modest. The present paper aims to present the cir-cumstances of the introduction of modernization, its content, criticism, and the reasons for its decay. The author argues that modernization was a personal initiative of D. Medvedev and stemmed from his preoccupations with new technologies and contemporary models of governance. At the end of D. Medvedev’s term, the concept of modernization disappeared from Russia’s public space and was replaced by a new rhetoric of “strong statehood” declared by Vladimir Putin.
{"title":"Koncepcja modernizacji Rosji w okresie prezydentury Dmitrija Miedwiediewa (2008-2012)","authors":"R. Czachor","doi":"10.31648/pw.8453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8453","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to his predecessor, President Dmitry Medvedev pushed Russia into a wave of socio-economic changes. His only term in the years 2008-2012 was dominated by the concept of modernization, which included democratization, market-oriented reforms, anti-corruption campaigns, and the support of civil society. Nevertheless, the results of the modernization program were modest. The present paper aims to present the cir-cumstances of the introduction of modernization, its content, criticism, and the reasons for its decay. The author argues that modernization was a personal initiative of D. Medvedev and stemmed from his preoccupations with new technologies and contemporary models of governance. At the end of D. Medvedev’s term, the concept of modernization disappeared from Russia’s public space and was replaced by a new rhetoric of “strong statehood” declared by Vladimir Putin.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the time leading up to and immediately following the collapse of the USSR, processes of national self-identification in the formerly Soviet republics were revived anew. Ideologues and culture workers mined the distant past for the raw materials with which to re-activate new forms of national identity, and also to distance themselves from the traumas of imperialism. Written and published in the midst of these processes, Berik Dzilkibayev’s 2001 work Kazakh Erotic Novel is something of a mythological text, with ritual elements symbolizing the constant evolution of the fate of nations. This article analyzes Kazakh Erotic Novel from the perspective of psychoanalytic and cognitive literary criticism, while also situating the work historically in post-independence Kazakhstan. The novel narrates the emergence of the newly-independent Kazakh state, with its heightened energy potential, onto the world stage, while simultaneously exploring the act of returning to one’s roots – to the origins of one’s ethnic group – by replicating the act of creation of a society and its accompanying sovereignty. To broadcast the competitiveness of a young Kazakh country on the world stage, the author uses erotic images and motives that have an increased aggressive potential. In Dzilkibayev’s novel the image of the enemy, the hated Soviet Empire, which served as a unifying force for the Kazakhs, takes on the form of another opponent – the West – which is presented as fundamentally opposed to an imagined Eastern mentality. This difference is attributed to structural differences between Western monotheism and Tengrism, the animist religion of the Kazakhs, which took on renewed significance in the post-Soviet era.
{"title":"Erotic images and motives as a broadcast of the dominant social status (Based on the “Kazakh Erotic Novel” by Berik Dzhilkibaev)","authors":"L. Safronova, Aida Nurbayeva","doi":"10.31648/pw.8465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8465","url":null,"abstract":"In the time leading up to and immediately following the collapse of the USSR, processes of national self-identification in the formerly Soviet republics were revived anew. Ideologues and culture workers mined the distant past for the raw materials with which to re-activate new forms of national identity, and also to distance themselves from the traumas of imperialism. Written and published in the midst of these processes, Berik Dzilkibayev’s 2001 work Kazakh Erotic Novel is something of a mythological text, with ritual elements symbolizing the constant evolution of the fate of nations. This article analyzes Kazakh Erotic Novel from the perspective of psychoanalytic and cognitive literary criticism, while also situating the work historically in post-independence Kazakhstan. The novel narrates the emergence of the newly-independent Kazakh state, with its heightened energy potential, onto the world stage, while simultaneously exploring the act of returning to one’s roots – to the origins of one’s ethnic group – by replicating the act of creation of a society and its accompanying sovereignty. To broadcast the competitiveness of a young Kazakh country on the world stage, the author uses erotic images and motives that have an increased aggressive potential. In Dzilkibayev’s novel the image of the enemy, the hated Soviet Empire, which served as a unifying force for the Kazakhs, takes on the form of another opponent – the West – which is presented as fundamentally opposed to an imagined Eastern mentality. This difference is attributed to structural differences between Western monotheism and Tengrism, the animist religion of the Kazakhs, which took on renewed significance in the post-Soviet era.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper attempts to describe expert opinions from a comparative and genre-based perspective. It addresses the central question of whether expert opinions follow any specific rhetorical and organizational patterns and the extent to which these may have been imposed by the respective judicial institutions in Russia, Bulgaria and the USA. After reviewing the institutional contexts and constraints imposed on experts and their opinions, the analysis focuses on exploring the status of generic structure in three sets of documents: US common law opinions, Russian and Bulgarian civil law opinions. The concept of ‘generic model’ has been approached from the perspective of Genre Analysis using the model of ‘rhetorical moves’ (Swales 1990; Tardy & Swales 2014). The analyses have revealed that expert witnesses can be described in terms of individual text segments, each with distinct rhetorical or communicative purpose(s). While most identified text segments are shared by all the opinions, irrespective of the legal system, the major difference is that the generic structures of Russian and Bulgarian opinions are strictly regulated by law, which results in increased levels of detail and conventionality. In contrast, the discourse community of American experts has much more leeway in shaping the conventions of the genre, as long as the experts take account of the general standards contained in the Federal Rules of Evidence. American opinions reflect not only the expertise of their authors but also their individual style.
{"title":"The status of generic structure in expert opinions. Insights from a comparative analysis of American, Russian and Bulgarian documents","authors":"S. Goźdź-Roszkowski, Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska","doi":"10.31648/pw.8467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8467","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to describe expert opinions from a comparative and genre-based perspective. It addresses the central question of whether expert opinions follow any specific rhetorical and organizational patterns and the extent to which these may have been imposed by the respective judicial institutions in Russia, Bulgaria and the USA. After reviewing the institutional contexts and constraints imposed on experts and their opinions, the analysis focuses on exploring the status of generic structure in three sets of documents: US common law opinions, Russian and Bulgarian civil law opinions. The concept of ‘generic model’ has been approached from the perspective of Genre Analysis using the model of ‘rhetorical moves’ (Swales 1990; Tardy & Swales 2014). The analyses have revealed that expert witnesses can be described in terms of individual text segments, each with distinct rhetorical or communicative purpose(s). While most identified text segments are shared by all the opinions, irrespective of the legal system, the major difference is that the generic structures of Russian and Bulgarian opinions are strictly regulated by law, which results in increased levels of detail and conventionality. In contrast, the discourse community of American experts has much more leeway in shaping the conventions of the genre, as long as the experts take account of the general standards contained in the Federal Rules of Evidence. American opinions reflect not only the expertise of their authors but also their individual style.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article compares 11 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, which are new EU members, with 7 countries of Western Europe representing 4 Western European models of capitalism (continental, Mediterranean, Nordic, and Anglo-Saxon) in the area of product market competition. The analysis covers the 2010-2020 period. One of the goals of the study is to determine the degree of similarity of the institutional architecture of the CEE countries in relation to the reference models in the last year before the coronavirus pandemic outbreak and to analyze the changes in these results over the last decade. Particular emphasis was placed on changes in the degree of similarity between two snapshots: 2010 and 2019. The study includes 26 variables characterizing the product market competition. These variables describe both the institutional architecture of the product market competition (the so-called input variables) and the effects of a given institutional order (output variables). The comparison of countries is based on our own concept of the similarity coefficient. One of the elements of novelty and originality is the analysis of robustness in terms of various Western European countries, which are a reference point, as well as alternative methods of calculating the similarity coefficient. The study shows that the results are robust to the assumptions made. The CEE countries are closest to the Mediterranean model of capitalism (both Spain and Italy). The Nordic model ranks last. The classification of Western European models of capitalism in terms of institutional proximity to the CEE countries is also robust to the exact method of calculating the similarity coefficient.
{"title":"Modele kapitalizmu w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w porównaniu z Europą Zachodnią w obszarze konkurencji na rynku produktów","authors":"Mariusz Próchniak","doi":"10.31648/pw.8448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8448","url":null,"abstract":"The article compares 11 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, which are new EU members, with 7 countries of Western Europe representing 4 Western European models of capitalism (continental, Mediterranean, Nordic, and Anglo-Saxon) in the area of product market competition. The analysis covers the 2010-2020 period. One of the goals of the study is to determine the degree of similarity of the institutional architecture of the CEE countries in relation to the reference models in the last year before the coronavirus pandemic outbreak and to analyze the changes in these results over the last decade. Particular emphasis was placed on changes in the degree of similarity between two snapshots: 2010 and 2019. The study includes 26 variables characterizing the product market competition. These variables describe both the institutional architecture of the product market competition (the so-called input variables) and the effects of a given institutional order (output variables). The comparison of countries is based on our own concept of the similarity coefficient. One of the elements of novelty and originality is the analysis of robustness in terms of various Western European countries, which are a reference point, as well as alternative methods of calculating the similarity coefficient. The study shows that the results are robust to the assumptions made. The CEE countries are closest to the Mediterranean model of capitalism (both Spain and Italy). The Nordic model ranks last. The classification of Western European models of capitalism in terms of institutional proximity to the CEE countries is also robust to the exact method of calculating the similarity coefficient.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the main directions of the “strategy” of the Orthodox and Protestant dialogue and cooperation in the Ruthenian territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries). This cooperation was undertaken too late. It took place at the time of the predominance of the counter-reformation camp in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It had therefore an ad hoc character. At the same time, it was severely criticized. Describing the image of the Orthodox and Protestant cooperation inspired by political problems should be separated from strictly theological issues.
{"title":"Dialog prawosławno-protestancki na ziemiach ruskich I Rzeczypospolitej (przełom XVI i XVII w.)","authors":"Marek Melnyk","doi":"10.31648/pw.8457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8457","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the main directions of the “strategy” of the Orthodox and Protestant dialogue and cooperation in the Ruthenian territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries). This cooperation was undertaken too late. It took place at the time of the predominance of the counter-reformation camp in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It had therefore an ad hoc character. At the same time, it was severely criticized. Describing the image of the Orthodox and Protestant cooperation inspired by political problems should be separated from strictly theological issues.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to an analysis of women's writing in the literary theory and criticism of independent Ukraine. A general overview of the formation of feminist critique and gender approach in Ukrainian literary criticism is made based on the principles of American and French literary schools. Researchers’ concepts concerning the features of women’s writing, themes, stylistics and poetics of texts created by women are analyzed. The achievements of Ukrainian scholars in the study of women's literature, in particular, the works of modernist and postmodernist women authors, are shown. The leading research themes of the period of Independence are determined, namely: representation and reception of a woman author, features of a text written by a woman, types of heroines in modern Ukrainian women’s prose.
{"title":"Жіноче письмо, авторка, героїня в українському літературознавстві часів незалежності","authors":"Roksolana Zharkova","doi":"10.31648/pw.8462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8462","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to an analysis of women's writing in the literary theory and criticism of independent Ukraine. A general overview of the formation of feminist critique and gender approach in Ukrainian literary criticism is made based on the principles of American and French literary schools. Researchers’ concepts concerning the features of women’s writing, themes, stylistics and poetics of texts created by women are analyzed. The achievements of Ukrainian scholars in the study of women's literature, in particular, the works of modernist and postmodernist women authors, are shown. The leading research themes of the period of Independence are determined, namely: representation and reception of a woman author, features of a text written by a woman, types of heroines in modern Ukrainian women’s prose.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the problems of the structural-field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomenon as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in systems of level hierarchy. The paper demonstrates the advantages and possibilities of the structural-field approach. It aims at studying the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in construction grammar. They are constantly reproduced in spoken language and filled in with concrete vocabulary. They are stable syntactic models of idiomatic character that are retrieved from memory as whole entities rather than by separate units (the meaning of a filled model cannot be deduced without prior knowledge of its structure and its semantics per se). The properties, namely polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity, fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a construction ceases to be a phraseme. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are viewed from the perspective of an increase and decrease of these characteristics, making the study of phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes possible. The structural-field approach waives the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality at different levels. The use of the field approach and its methodological advantages are explained through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.
{"title":"Структурно-полевой подход к синтаксической фразеологии русского языка. Часть I","authors":"A. Pavlova","doi":"10.31648/pw.8471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.8471","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problems of the structural-field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomenon as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in systems of level hierarchy. The paper demonstrates the advantages and possibilities of the structural-field approach. It aims at studying the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in construction grammar. They are constantly reproduced in spoken language and filled in with concrete vocabulary. They are stable syntactic models of idiomatic character that are retrieved from memory as whole entities rather than by separate units (the meaning of a filled model cannot be deduced without prior knowledge of its structure and its semantics per se). The properties, namely polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity, fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a construction ceases to be a phraseme. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are viewed from the perspective of an increase and decrease of these characteristics, making the study of phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes possible. The structural-field approach waives the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality at different levels. The use of the field approach and its methodological advantages are explained through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to critically analyze the binary concept of civic nations represented by the civic communities of Western Europe and ethnic groups living in Central and Eastern Europe. The works of Ernest Gellner and John Breuilly were selected for research because they have used the indicated concept in their texts, and have become an inspiration for many researchers of national issues. The former represents a deterministic trend of sociological inquiries, the latter – social constructivism. Due to the above, they are representative examples of academic reflection on national issues widespread in Western European thought. The research proposes to reject the binary model in which civil nations were characterized as rational and striving for consensus communities and ethnic groups as irrational communities striving for conflict. The analytical model characterizing nations as political and ethnic communities was proposed instead of it.
{"title":"Eastern and Central European ethnicism in light of Western studies on nation and nationalism","authors":"Jacek Poniedziałek","doi":"10.31648/pw.7659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.7659","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to critically analyze the binary concept of civic nations represented by the civic communities of Western Europe and ethnic groups living in Central and Eastern Europe. The works of Ernest Gellner and John Breuilly were selected for research because they have used the indicated concept in their texts, and have become an inspiration for many researchers of national issues. The former represents a deterministic trend of sociological inquiries, the latter – social constructivism. Due to the above, they are representative examples of academic reflection on national issues widespread in Western European thought. The research proposes to reject the binary model in which civil nations were characterized as rational and striving for consensus communities and ethnic groups as irrational communities striving for conflict. The analytical model characterizing nations as political and ethnic communities was proposed instead of it.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the status of Kazakh in Shymkent in recent years. Shymkent is the third-largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of over one million. Like in all large cities in this country, most of the Kazakh population in Shymkent is Kazakh-Russian bilingual, while the Russians are monolingual Russian speakers. The strength of Kazakh in Shymkent depends on many factors, such as the type of district, sociolinguistic features, and it is different in the spoken and the written form. Although Kazakh in Shymkent is the object of frequent comments in Kazakhstan, it has not yet been studied. The research material is based on fieldwork, analysis of the local media and websites. It may be argued that despite the local conditions and assets, the position of Kazakhs in public domains depends on the state’s language policy and the degree of integration with Russia.
{"title":"The position of Kazakh in Kazakhstan in the urban area: the case of Shymkent","authors":"Gulayhan Aqtay","doi":"10.31648/pw.7665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.7665","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the status of Kazakh in Shymkent in recent years. Shymkent is the third-largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of over one million. Like in all large cities in this country, most of the Kazakh population in Shymkent is Kazakh-Russian bilingual, while the Russians are monolingual Russian speakers. The strength of Kazakh in Shymkent depends on many factors, such as the type of district, sociolinguistic features, and it is different in the spoken and the written form. Although Kazakh in Shymkent is the object of frequent comments in Kazakhstan, it has not yet been studied. The research material is based on fieldwork, analysis of the local media and websites. It may be argued that despite the local conditions and assets, the position of Kazakhs in public domains depends on the state’s language policy and the degree of integration with Russia.","PeriodicalId":38116,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad Wschodnioeuropejski","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69371529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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