N. Awunor, A. H. Okoro, O. Olise, A. Best, Isaac O. Avbunudiogba, Aisosa Desmond A. Bello, Jerry O. Chukwuma
BACKGROUND: Nigeria has a high maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and a high neonatal morbidity and mortality rate. These mortalities can be ameliorated if women deliver in safe healthcare facilities manned by qualified healthcare personnel. This study assessed the factors that affect the choice of place of delivery among mothers in Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Oghara, Ethiope-West Local Government Area of Delta State. A total of 190 mothers, who delivered at term in the last two years were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS v.24. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (81%) were 25 years and above; 58.4% had a tertiary level of education. Seventy-three of them attended antenatal clinics, and Sixty-three percent of them had previously delivered in a health facility. Factors that influenced the choice of delivery were the mother’s level of education (p < 0.001), the partner’s level of education (p = 0.020), monthly household income (p = 0.016), and previous place of delivery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Two-fifths of the women were delivered at home/traditional birth attendant home, while three-fifths were delivered at a health facility. The choice of place of delivery was influenced by the level of education of the women, the educational level of their partners, monthly household income, and previous delivery sites. It is recommended that the education of women, and further strengthening of the Delta State free maternal health care program to encourage delivery at the health facility, and the reduction of maternal mortality is imperative.
{"title":"Factors influencing the choice of place of delivery among mothers of children less than two years in Oghara Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Awunor, A. H. Okoro, O. Olise, A. Best, Isaac O. Avbunudiogba, Aisosa Desmond A. Bello, Jerry O. Chukwuma","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.3","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 BACKGROUND: Nigeria has a high maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and a high neonatal morbidity and mortality rate. These mortalities can be ameliorated if women deliver in safe healthcare facilities manned by qualified healthcare personnel. This study assessed the factors that affect the choice of place of delivery among mothers in Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria. \u0000METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Oghara, Ethiope-West Local Government Area of Delta State. A total of 190 mothers, who delivered at term in the last two years were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS v.24. \u0000RESULTS: Most of the respondents (81%) were 25 years and above; 58.4% had a tertiary level of education. Seventy-three of them attended antenatal clinics, and Sixty-three percent of them had previously delivered in a health facility. Factors that influenced the choice of delivery were the mother’s level of education (p < 0.001), the partner’s level of education (p = 0.020), monthly household income (p = 0.016), and previous place of delivery (p < 0.001). \u0000CONCLUSION: Two-fifths of the women were delivered at home/traditional birth attendant home, while three-fifths were delivered at a health facility. The choice of place of delivery was influenced by the level of education of the women, the educational level of their partners, monthly household income, and previous delivery sites. It is recommended that the education of women, and further strengthening of the Delta State free maternal health care program to encourage delivery at the health facility, and the reduction of maternal mortality is imperative. ","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"151 s620","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Voice disorders, or dysphonia, are prevalent conditions impacting individuals' lives. Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy (NLVVT) is an emerging intervention using vibrational stimulation for voice rehabilitation. This systematic review evaluates NLVVT's efficacy in improving voice quality, neuromuscular control, and self-reported outcomes in voice disorders. METHODS: Studies were identified through comprehensive searches in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using predetermined search terms related to Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy (NLVVT) and voice disorders. The eligibility criteria, guided by the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, encompassed studies investigating NLVVT interventions in individuals with voice disorders. RESULTS: Four studies met eligibility criteria, demonstrating significant improvements in voice quality, vocal range, neuromuscular control, and self-reported outcomes following NLVVT. This included enhanced Voice Range Profile boundaries, consistent falsetto register, and reduced Dysphonia Severity Index scores. CONCLUSION: NLVVT shows promise as an effective intervention for voice disorders. It offers potential benefits in enhancing vocal function and quality, thus improving patients' lives. Further research and clinical application are warranted to establish NLVVT's place in voice rehabilitation.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy on Voice Disorders: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.6","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 INTRODUCTION: Voice disorders, or dysphonia, are prevalent conditions impacting individuals' lives. Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy (NLVVT) is an emerging intervention using vibrational stimulation for voice rehabilitation. This systematic review evaluates NLVVT's efficacy in improving voice quality, neuromuscular control, and self-reported outcomes in voice disorders. \u0000METHODS: Studies were identified through comprehensive searches in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using predetermined search terms related to Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy (NLVVT) and voice disorders. The eligibility criteria, guided by the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, encompassed studies investigating NLVVT interventions in individuals with voice disorders. \u0000RESULTS: Four studies met eligibility criteria, demonstrating significant improvements in voice quality, vocal range, neuromuscular control, and self-reported outcomes following NLVVT. This included enhanced Voice Range Profile boundaries, consistent falsetto register, and reduced Dysphonia Severity Index scores. \u0000CONCLUSION: NLVVT shows promise as an effective intervention for voice disorders. It offers potential benefits in enhancing vocal function and quality, thus improving patients' lives. Further research and clinical application are warranted to establish NLVVT's place in voice rehabilitation. ","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yenni, R. Wratsangka, E. Herwana, J. V. Kalumpiu, B. P. Liman
INTRODUCTION: There are no data on vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influence on blood 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels after supplementary vitamin D in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study evaluated the effects of the supplementary vitamin D3 and VDR gene SNPs rs1555410 and rs2228570 on blood 25(OH)D levels in T2DM cases. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (RDPCT) was conducted at one research setting using 85 T2DM subjects divided into vitamin D group (VDG) and control group (CG) and receiving 5,000 IU/day vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or placebo once daily for 84 days. Levels of 25(OH)D were determined baseline and after supplementary vitamin D3 administration for 84 days. Circulatory 25(OH)D was assayed using ELISA. VDR polymorphisms were detected using sequencing. RESULTS: Post-supplementary blood 25(OH)D rose appreciably from baseline in VDG for VDR rs1544410 genotypes G/G (p=0.001) and G/A (p=0.010), and in VDR rs2228570 genotypes T/T (p=0.012), T/C (p<0.001), and C/C (p=0.001). Post-supplementary VDG still contained 30.3% of subjects not reaching blood 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL. In attaining blood 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL post-supplementation, VDR rs2228570 genotype T/C differed significantly from T/T (52.4% v. 100%; p=0.027), but there were no appreciable differences between genotypes C/C and T/T (78.6% v. 100%; p=0.273), as well as between VDR rs1544410 genotypes G/G and G/A (67.5% v. 100%; p=0.542). CONCLUSION: Only 52.4% of subjects with VDR rs2228570 genotype T/C achieved sufficiently high blood 25(OH)D levels. VDR rs2228570 polymorphisms apparently influence T2DM response to supplementary vitamin D.
{"title":"Supplementary vitamin D3 and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms affect blood vitamin D levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia","authors":"Yenni, R. Wratsangka, E. Herwana, J. V. Kalumpiu, B. P. Liman","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.5","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 INTRODUCTION: There are no data on vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influence on blood 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol [25(OH)D] levels after supplementary vitamin D in Indonesian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study evaluated the effects of the supplementary vitamin D3 and VDR gene SNPs rs1555410 and rs2228570 on blood 25(OH)D levels in T2DM cases. \u0000METHODS: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (RDPCT) was conducted at one research setting using 85 T2DM subjects divided into vitamin D group (VDG) and control group (CG) and receiving 5,000 IU/day vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or placebo once daily for 84 days. Levels of 25(OH)D were determined baseline and after supplementary vitamin D3 administration for 84 days. Circulatory 25(OH)D was assayed using ELISA. VDR polymorphisms were detected using sequencing. \u0000RESULTS: Post-supplementary blood 25(OH)D rose appreciably from baseline in VDG for VDR rs1544410 genotypes G/G (p=0.001) and G/A (p=0.010), and in VDR rs2228570 genotypes T/T (p=0.012), T/C (p<0.001), and C/C (p=0.001). Post-supplementary VDG still contained 30.3% of subjects not reaching blood 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL. \u0000In attaining blood 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL post-supplementation, VDR rs2228570 genotype T/C differed significantly from T/T (52.4% v. 100%; p=0.027), but there were no appreciable differences between genotypes C/C and T/T (78.6% v. 100%; p=0.273), as well as between VDR rs1544410 genotypes G/G and G/A (67.5% v. 100%; p=0.542). \u0000CONCLUSION: Only 52.4% of subjects with VDR rs2228570 genotype T/C achieved sufficiently high blood 25(OH)D levels. VDR rs2228570 polymorphisms apparently influence T2DM response to supplementary vitamin D. ","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"157 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Low uptake of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services is influenced by system-level and socio-cultural barriers. Despite the potential of community pharmacists to offer self-care interventions on SRH, their role remains underutilized in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region due to a lack of guidelines and awareness. METHODS: A systematic search strategy was employed to identify peer-reviewed articles published in the English language between 2013 and 2023. The search was conducted from January 2023 to June 2023 in Research4life, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Eligible studies focused on community pharmacists' interventions related to self-testing, self-management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), self-abortion management, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), and self-management of contraception in SSA. RESULTS: The initial database search produced 7487 articles after removing duplicates, out of which 65 articles were appraised for full-text screening after the title and abstract screening. Ultimately, 11 articles were included in the review, covering selfcare interventions for sexual and reproductive health services, including modern contraceptives, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), medical abortion pills, and HIV self-testing. The studies highlighted that community pharmacists play a crucial role in offering counseling, education, and faster service delivery, particularly for adolescent girls and young women. CONCLUSION: Community pharmacists in sub-Saharan Africa contribute in promoting access to, and use of self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health services. Governments and policymakers should prioritize the development of standardized guidelines to support community pharmacists in delivering quality SRH services.
{"title":"Enhancing sexual and reproductive health services uptake in Sub- Saharan Africa: the role of community Pharmacists in promoting self-care interventions: a systematic review","authors":"S. Ndayishimye, A. Oladokun, M. Mukanyangezi","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.2","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 BACKGROUND: Low uptake of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services is influenced by system-level and socio-cultural barriers. Despite the potential of community pharmacists to offer self-care interventions on SRH, their role remains underutilized in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region due to a lack of guidelines and awareness. \u0000METHODS: A systematic search strategy was employed to identify peer-reviewed articles published in the English language between 2013 and 2023. The search was conducted from January 2023 to June 2023 in Research4life, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Eligible studies focused on community pharmacists' interventions related to self-testing, self-management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), self-abortion management, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP), and self-management of contraception in SSA. \u0000RESULTS: The initial database search produced 7487 articles after removing duplicates, out of which 65 articles were appraised for full-text screening after the title and abstract screening. Ultimately, 11 articles were included in the review, covering selfcare interventions for sexual and reproductive health services, including modern contraceptives, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), medical abortion pills, and HIV self-testing. The studies highlighted that community pharmacists play a crucial role in offering counseling, education, and faster service delivery, particularly for adolescent girls and young women. \u0000CONCLUSION: Community pharmacists in sub-Saharan Africa contribute in promoting access to, and use of self-care interventions for sexual and reproductive health services. Governments and policymakers should prioritize the development of standardized guidelines to support community pharmacists in delivering quality SRH services.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"159 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The incidence of workplace violence (WPV) is peculiar to both developing and developed countries, with more workers at risk in developing countries, especially in sub- Saharan Africa, due to poorly developed work environment. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and forms of violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Emergency Department (ED) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all the 282 healthcare workers in the ED of the hospital. A standardized, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and proportions. RESULTS: The mean age of the HCWs was 36.1 ± 8.4 years, comprised of doctors 53 (18.8%), nurses 50 (17.7%), paramedics 36 (12.7%), porters 29 (10.3%), and laboratory scientist 19 (6.7%), among others. The prevalence of physical violence was 63 (22.3%) while that of psychological violence was 247 (87.6%). The predominant forms of violence were verbal abuse (99.5%), kicking (96.8%), slapping (60.3%), bullying (45.3%), threat (40.4%), and sexual harassment (32.4%). The perpetrators were mainly patient relatives, 93.6% and 96.7% for physical and psychological violence, respectively. The majority experienced post-traumatic stress disorder, and loss of job satisfaction following the violence. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of WPV among the healthcare workers. There is an urgent need for intervention programmes to be initiated to curb the menace of violence against healthcare workers. A surveillance system to monitor the mental health status of victims of WPV should be instituted.
{"title":"Prevalence and forms of violence against healthcare workers in the emergency department of a teaching hospital in Nigeria","authors":"A. R. Isara, M. W. Akpososo, D. O. Aigbovbiosa","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.4","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 BACKGROUND: The incidence of workplace violence (WPV) is peculiar to both developing and developed countries, with more workers at risk in developing countries, especially in sub- Saharan Africa, due to poorly developed work environment. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and forms of violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Emergency Department (ED) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria. \u0000METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all the 282 healthcare workers in the ED of the hospital. A standardized, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and proportions. \u0000RESULTS: The mean age of the HCWs was 36.1 ± 8.4 years, comprised of doctors 53 (18.8%), nurses 50 (17.7%), paramedics 36 (12.7%), porters 29 (10.3%), and laboratory scientist 19 (6.7%), among others. The prevalence of physical violence was 63 (22.3%) while that of psychological violence was 247 (87.6%). The predominant forms of violence were verbal abuse (99.5%), kicking (96.8%), slapping (60.3%), bullying (45.3%), threat (40.4%), and sexual harassment (32.4%). The perpetrators were mainly patient relatives, 93.6% and 96.7% for physical and psychological violence, respectively. The majority experienced post-traumatic stress disorder, and loss of job satisfaction following the violence. \u0000CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of WPV among the healthcare workers. There is an urgent need for intervention programmes to be initiated to curb the menace of violence against healthcare workers. A surveillance system to monitor the mental health status of victims of WPV should be instituted. ","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"93 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ilham, Dhiya Rakasiwi, M.I.D. Rakasiwi, W. Prasetya, I. Riyatno, H.K.P. Faisal
In Indonesia, where lung cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, palliative care (PC) faces challenges like cultural and resource limitations. This study presents three cases of suspected lung cancer at Soehadi General Hospital. Despite the lack of specific lung cancer treatment services, a multidisciplinary approach, in line with the Ministry of Health guidelines, was initiated on the first day of hospitalization. Involving specialists, nurses, and spiritual support, the team addressed patients' physical and emotional needs. The cases highlight the importance of early palliative care, even in resource-limited settings, emphasizing its potential to enhance patient care and family support.
{"title":"Starting Early Palliative Care for Suspected Lung Cancer Patient: a Case Series from Resource-limited Setting in Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Ilham, Dhiya Rakasiwi, M.I.D. Rakasiwi, W. Prasetya, I. Riyatno, H.K.P. Faisal","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia, where lung cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, palliative care (PC) faces challenges like cultural and resource limitations. This study presents three cases of suspected lung cancer at Soehadi General Hospital. Despite the lack of specific lung cancer treatment services, a multidisciplinary approach, in line with the Ministry of Health guidelines, was initiated on the first day of hospitalization. Involving specialists, nurses, and spiritual support, the team addressed patients' physical and emotional needs. The cases highlight the importance of early palliative care, even in resource-limited settings, emphasizing its potential to enhance patient care and family support. ","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"144 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Uwambajimana Gashumba, E. Munyaneza, S. Twahirwa, A. Nzamukosha, V. Musengamana, D. Ryamukuru
INTRODUCTION: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is crucial in healthcare for detecting, understanding, and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Despite its significance, there persists underreporting of ADRs due to gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among healthcare professionals (HCPs), leading to global impacts on patient safety and healthcare costs. This study aimed to enhance the KAP regarding PV and ADR reporting among HCPs at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Rwanda. The study's focus was on implementing an educational intervention (EI) to address these gaps and assess its impact on HCPs' confidence in ADR monitoring and reporting, alongside the actual number of reported drug adverse events in the hospital post-EI. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at CHUK, Rwanda, using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 217 HCPs, assessing their KAP on PV and ADR reporting before and after an EI. A self-administered questionnaire and data on reported ADRs were used for the evaluation of the EI. RESULTS: The EI significantly enhanced HCPs' KAP regarding PV and ADR reporting. The proportion of participants understanding the purpose of PV increased from 61.9% to 78.8% (p=0.001), while awareness of the national PV in Rwanda surged from 38.1% to 96.6% (p<0.001). Attitudes among HCPs notably improved, particularly in identifying events as serious, escalating from 59.8% to 79.5% (p < 0.001). The observed improvement in practice was solely in the availability of ADR reporting forms, rising from 58.7% to 82.2% (p < 0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in certain KAP aspects. Participants exhibited increased confidence in monitoring and reporting ADRs post-intervention. Furthermore, a significant increase in reported drug adverse events to the quality assurance office was observed (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study underscores the effectiveness of EI in enhancing HCPs' KAP concerning PV and ADR reporting. While improvements were evident, sustaining education initiatives remain critical for optimal ADR reporting and patient safety.
{"title":"Impact of educational interventions on knowledge, attitude, practice toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals at the University Teaching Hospital, Rwanda","authors":"O. Uwambajimana Gashumba, E. Munyaneza, S. Twahirwa, A. Nzamukosha, V. Musengamana, D. Ryamukuru","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i2.7","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 INTRODUCTION: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is crucial in healthcare for detecting, understanding, and preventing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Despite its significance, there persists underreporting of ADRs due to gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among healthcare professionals (HCPs), leading to global impacts on patient safety and healthcare costs. This study aimed to enhance the KAP regarding PV and ADR reporting among HCPs at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK), Rwanda. The study's focus was on implementing an educational intervention (EI) to address these gaps and assess its impact on HCPs' confidence in ADR monitoring and reporting, alongside the actual number of reported drug adverse events in the hospital post-EI. \u0000METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at CHUK, Rwanda, using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 217 HCPs, assessing their KAP on PV and ADR reporting before and after an EI. A self-administered questionnaire and data on reported ADRs were used for the evaluation of the EI. \u0000RESULTS: The EI significantly enhanced HCPs' KAP regarding PV and ADR reporting. The proportion of participants understanding the purpose of PV increased from 61.9% to 78.8% (p=0.001), while awareness of the national PV in Rwanda surged from 38.1% to 96.6% (p<0.001). Attitudes among HCPs notably improved, particularly in identifying events as serious, escalating from 59.8% to 79.5% (p < 0.001). The observed improvement in practice was solely in the availability of ADR reporting forms, rising from 58.7% to 82.2% (p < 0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in certain KAP aspects. Participants exhibited increased confidence in monitoring and reporting ADRs post-intervention. Furthermore, a significant increase in reported drug adverse events to the quality assurance office was observed (p<0.001). \u0000CONCLUSION: The study underscores the effectiveness of EI in enhancing HCPs' KAP concerning PV and ADR reporting. While improvements were evident, sustaining education initiatives remain critical for optimal ADR reporting and patient safety. ","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Archibong, A. Omodan, A. Ofudun, A. Mohammed, S. Olurunnado, J. Gashegu
An anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV) is a major cause of varicose disease recurrence and shares the saphenofemoral junction in 10% of patients where it is a primary reflux pattern. Reflux in AAGSV presents the same symptoms and severity as great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux with a higher incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis. The case report is a 37-year-old male cadaver with bilateral anterior accessory great saphenous veins (AAGSV), originating from the marginal veins anterior to the GSV, and terminated by joining the GSV at the sapheno-femoral junction. The case was documented during a routine gross dissection at the anatomy laboratory at the University of Rwanda. The case emphasizes the need for Vascular radiologists and surgeons to pay proper attention during saphenofemoral junction and saphenopopliteal junction ultrasound to identify the AAGSV when targeting the treatment of varicose diseases.
{"title":"Anatomical variation of anterior accessory great saphenous vein: a case report","authors":"V. Archibong, A. Omodan, A. Ofudun, A. Mohammed, S. Olurunnado, J. Gashegu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"An anterior accessory great saphenous vein (AAGSV) is a major cause of varicose disease recurrence and shares the saphenofemoral junction in 10% of patients where it is a primary reflux pattern. Reflux in AAGSV presents the same symptoms and severity as great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux with a higher incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis. The case report is a 37-year-old male cadaver with bilateral anterior accessory great saphenous veins (AAGSV), originating from the marginal veins anterior to the GSV, and terminated by joining the GSV at the sapheno-femoral junction. The case was documented during a routine gross dissection at the anatomy laboratory at the University of Rwanda. The case emphasizes the need for Vascular radiologists and surgeons to pay proper attention during saphenofemoral junction and saphenopopliteal junction ultrasound to identify the AAGSV when targeting the treatment of varicose diseases.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"106 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: The primary mechanism connecting Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to the neurodegenerative deficits in brain regions such as the hippocampus is insulin resistance. Neurodegenerative deficits in the form of amyloid aggregation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, are documented for both conditions in scientific literature. A mouse model of insulin resistance was used to study this relationship, and curcumin, a flavonoid contained in the spice turmeric, was evaluated as a potential treatment because of its reported benefits in lowering hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus. Curcumin is a prime contender against these pervasive diseases due to its efficacy, accessibility, affordability, and safety. METHODS: The study methodology included measuring fasting blood glucose levels, staining hippocampal sections for histomorphological examination, and ELISA to quantify hippocampal PI3K expression, AKT expression, and GSK3-β. Data were processed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc test. RESULTS: The findings demonstrated that oral curcumin effectively corrected hyperglycemia and reduced insulin resistance. The study further revealed that insulin resistance was related to hippocampal atrophy and related deficits in the assessed rat model. Curcumin ameliorated these changes, reduced the aggregation of Aβ in the hippocampus, and reversed impaired signaling of proteins PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3β. CONCLUSION: The study's findings imply that oral curcumin has potential therapeutic advantages against prevalent neuronal death linked to abnormalities mimicking Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance. Hence, curcumin may benefit dementia patients who also have insulin resistance.
{"title":"Curcumin intervention in hippocampal atrophy of diet-induced Alzheimer-like deficits in insulin-resistant rats","authors":"A. A. Mohammed, O. Akinola","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The primary mechanism connecting Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to the neurodegenerative deficits in brain regions such as the hippocampus is insulin resistance. Neurodegenerative deficits in the form of amyloid aggregation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, which are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, are documented for both conditions in scientific literature. A mouse model of insulin resistance was used to study this relationship, and curcumin, a flavonoid contained in the spice turmeric, was evaluated as a potential treatment because of its reported benefits in lowering hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus. Curcumin is a prime contender against these pervasive diseases due to its efficacy, accessibility, affordability, and safety. METHODS: The study methodology included measuring fasting blood glucose levels, staining hippocampal sections for histomorphological examination, and ELISA to quantify hippocampal PI3K expression, AKT expression, and GSK3-β. Data were processed using one-way ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc test. RESULTS: The findings demonstrated that oral curcumin effectively corrected hyperglycemia and reduced insulin resistance. The study further revealed that insulin resistance was related to hippocampal atrophy and related deficits in the assessed rat model. Curcumin ameliorated these changes, reduced the aggregation of Aβ in the hippocampus, and reversed impaired signaling of proteins PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3β. CONCLUSION: The study's findings imply that oral curcumin has potential therapeutic advantages against prevalent neuronal death linked to abnormalities mimicking Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance. Hence, curcumin may benefit dementia patients who also have insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Nutritional status and growth patterns are key indicators of a population's socioeconomic well-being, but data on the prevalence of undernutrition and percentile ranges for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents in Nigeria are currently lacking. This study aimed to determine how common undernutrition is and generate reference percentile ranges for height, weight, and BMI. METHODS: The height and weight of 1,541 boys and 1,650 girls aged 5–18 years from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, were measured in 2018 – 2019. The LMS method was used to generate smoothed percentiles of height, weight and BMI-for-age. Classifications of nutritional status were made according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for stunting and thinness. RESULTS: The proportions of moderately and severely stunted boys were 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively, while the proportions of moderately and severely thinned boys were 52.4% and 27.5%. In girls, moderate and severe stunting incidence was 10.9% and 3.2%, respectively, whereas moderate and severe thinness prevalence was 43.7% and 18.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that undernutrition is highly prevalent among children and adolescents in Lafia, although the severity of undernutrition is higher in boys than girls. This study offers researchers in Nigeria or other low- and middle-income nations the most recent age- and sex-standardized percentiles for height, weight, and BMI of children and adolescents in Lafia that may be used for comparison.
{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of stunting and thinness among children and adolescents in Nasarawa State: comparison with World Health Organization reference","authors":"M. Nwankwo, B. Danborno, S. A. Musa, A. S. Akuyam","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v81i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v81i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Nutritional status and growth patterns are key indicators of a population's socioeconomic well-being, but data on the prevalence of undernutrition and percentile ranges for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents in Nigeria are currently lacking. This study aimed to determine how common undernutrition is and generate reference percentile ranges for height, weight, and BMI. \u0000METHODS: The height and weight of 1,541 boys and 1,650 girls aged 5–18 years from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, were measured in 2018 – 2019. The LMS method was used to generate smoothed percentiles of height, weight and BMI-for-age. Classifications of nutritional status were made according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for stunting and thinness. \u0000RESULTS: The proportions of moderately and severely stunted boys were 17.8% and 5.6%, respectively, while the proportions of moderately and severely thinned boys were 52.4% and 27.5%. In girls, moderate and severe stunting incidence was 10.9% and 3.2%, respectively, whereas moderate and severe thinness prevalence was 43.7% and 18.8%, respectively. \u0000CONCLUSION: The present study shows that undernutrition is highly prevalent among children and adolescents in Lafia, although the severity of undernutrition is higher in boys than girls. This study offers researchers in Nigeria or other low- and middle-income nations the most recent age- and sex-standardized percentiles for height, weight, and BMI of children and adolescents in Lafia that may be used for comparison.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"61 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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