Health care delivery involves the dispensation and provision of services that promote and maintainthe health of the people. The World Health Organization recognizes leadership and governance asone of the major pillars of an efficient healthcare delivery system. Effective leadership is integralto organizational success. The World Bank rates the healthcare delivery systems in sub-SaharanAfrica as one of the worst globally. Previous studies have demonstrated that poor leadership has asubstantial contribution to the moribund state of healthcare delivery in the sub-continent.Transactional leaders incentivize workers to boost their morale but gives no room for errors whichare bound to happen in sociological systems. Transformational leaders motivate and empower thesubordinates who can misuse the authority given to them. Contingency leaders analyze situationsbefore taking critical decisions but there are many unknown variables. The traits theory says thatgreat leaders are born. This however discourages inclusivity and diversity. Additionally, leaderscan be trained but they don’t turn out to have the same effectiveness despite undergoing similartraining. Functional leaders aim to eliminate bureaucracy and prioritize organization’s goalsbut organizational change management is complicated in reality. For the integrated approach,everything matters but nobody knows everything.This narrative review aims to examine how each leadership theory and style could be applied toadvance healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa and found different leadership styles with theassociated merits and demerits but the hybrid approach that analyzes relevant variables would bethe optimal approach to reinvigorate healthcare delivery in sub-Sahara Africa.
{"title":"Healthcare delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa: exploring the impact of leadership theories and styles","authors":"T. Azeez, T. Azeez","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Health care delivery involves the dispensation and provision of services that promote and maintainthe health of the people. The World Health Organization recognizes leadership and governance asone of the major pillars of an efficient healthcare delivery system. Effective leadership is integralto organizational success. The World Bank rates the healthcare delivery systems in sub-SaharanAfrica as one of the worst globally. Previous studies have demonstrated that poor leadership has asubstantial contribution to the moribund state of healthcare delivery in the sub-continent.Transactional leaders incentivize workers to boost their morale but gives no room for errors whichare bound to happen in sociological systems. Transformational leaders motivate and empower thesubordinates who can misuse the authority given to them. Contingency leaders analyze situationsbefore taking critical decisions but there are many unknown variables. The traits theory says thatgreat leaders are born. This however discourages inclusivity and diversity. Additionally, leaderscan be trained but they don’t turn out to have the same effectiveness despite undergoing similartraining. Functional leaders aim to eliminate bureaucracy and prioritize organization’s goalsbut organizational change management is complicated in reality. For the integrated approach,everything matters but nobody knows everything.This narrative review aims to examine how each leadership theory and style could be applied toadvance healthcare delivery in sub-Saharan Africa and found different leadership styles with theassociated merits and demerits but the hybrid approach that analyzes relevant variables would bethe optimal approach to reinvigorate healthcare delivery in sub-Sahara Africa.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46895438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Hospital admissions reflect the pattern of illnesses in society, and itsdocumentation in various localities may provide clues on decision-making and implementationsin the health sector. This study aimed to ascertain the reasons for admission and outcome in themedical wards of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria.METHODS: The medical records of all patients admitted into the medical wards during thestudy were retrospectively reviewed. Disease classification was done according to the ICD-10classification system. Relevant data were obtained from the admission and discharge registersand were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version- 22.RESULTS: A total of 1,782 subjects comprising 933 males (52.4%) and 849 females (47.6%) wererepresented in the final data analysis. The majority of the admitted patients were in their 6th and7th decade of life (18.5% and 18.6%, respectively). Cardiovascular diseases were the commonestindication for annual medical admission, with a cumulative frequency of 35.5%. Stroke andheart failure were the most common cardiovascular diseases. Infectious diseases were thesecond leading cause of medical admission (19.5%). The least common medical disorders wererheumatological dermatological and toxicological conditions representing 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.2%,respectively, of all medical admissions. The overall mortality during the study period is 16.5%,with malignant diseases being the leading cause of death.CONCLUSION: This study reflects the epidemics of non-communicable diseases in developingcountries and the need for policymakers to be aware of this trend without neglecting to preventinfectious diseases, whose burden is still high.
{"title":"A three-year overview of the pattern and outcome of medical conditions in the medical wards of Federal Medical Centre","authors":"Stella-Maris C. Egboh, Gesiye E. Bozimo","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Hospital admissions reflect the pattern of illnesses in society, and itsdocumentation in various localities may provide clues on decision-making and implementationsin the health sector. This study aimed to ascertain the reasons for admission and outcome in themedical wards of the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria.METHODS: The medical records of all patients admitted into the medical wards during thestudy were retrospectively reviewed. Disease classification was done according to the ICD-10classification system. Relevant data were obtained from the admission and discharge registersand were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version- 22.RESULTS: A total of 1,782 subjects comprising 933 males (52.4%) and 849 females (47.6%) wererepresented in the final data analysis. The majority of the admitted patients were in their 6th and7th decade of life (18.5% and 18.6%, respectively). Cardiovascular diseases were the commonestindication for annual medical admission, with a cumulative frequency of 35.5%. Stroke andheart failure were the most common cardiovascular diseases. Infectious diseases were thesecond leading cause of medical admission (19.5%). The least common medical disorders wererheumatological dermatological and toxicological conditions representing 0.5%, 0.2%, and 0.2%,respectively, of all medical admissions. The overall mortality during the study period is 16.5%,with malignant diseases being the leading cause of death.CONCLUSION: This study reflects the epidemics of non-communicable diseases in developingcountries and the need for policymakers to be aware of this trend without neglecting to preventinfectious diseases, whose burden is still high.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. V. Maniraguha, P. Robin, J. Rickard, E. Ntaganda
INTRODUCTION: Globally, high morbidity and mortality is associated with neonatal surgicalconditions. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the mortality in neonates withsurgical conditions at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK).METHOD: This was a prospective study from October 2019 to March 2020. Analysis of patientswas divided based on a diagnosis of gastroschisis versus non-gastroschisis conditions. Odds ratioswere calculated at a confidence interval of 95%. Factors with p-value <0.05 on bivariate analysiswere considered.RESULTS: Eighty-two neonates were enrolled. 45.1% were admitted within the first 24 hours of life,61% were males, 26.9% were preterm, and 51.2% had birth weight less than 2500g. Gastroschisis(n=43, 52.4%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by intestinal atresia (12.2%). The overallmortality rate was 57%. Mortality was more likely to occur among neonates with gastroschisiscompared to neonates with non-gastroschisis surgical conditions (76.7% vs 35.9%, OR=5.893,p<0.001). Among neonates with gastroschisis, factors associated with mortality were the failureof initiation of enteral feeding (100%, p=0.002) and sepsis (82.5%, p=0.001).Among neonates with non-gastroschisis surgical conditions, factors associated with mortalitywere prematurity (87.5%, OR:24, p=0.001), low birth weight (72.7% vs 21.4%, p=0.003), initiationof enteral feeding at more than 48 hours (33.3% vs 25.8%, p=0.006), sepsis (64.7% vs 13.6%,OR:11.61, p<0.001), and need of mechanical ventilation (63.6% vs 25%, OR:5.25, p=0.024,).CONCLUSION: Neonatal surgical mortality is still a burden and has many predicting factors.Improvement and advocacy are needed to reduce neonatal mortality.
在全球范围内，高发病率和死亡率与新生儿手术条件有关。本研究旨在确定影响基加利大学(CHUK)手术条件下新生儿死亡率的因素。方法:这是一项2019年10月至2020年3月的前瞻性研究。根据胃裂和非胃裂的诊断对患者进行分析。比值比以95%的置信区间计算。考虑双变量分析中p值<0.05的因素。结果:共纳入82例新生儿。45.1%在出生后24小时内入院，61%为男性，26.9%为早产儿，51.2%出生体重低于2500g。胃裂(n=43, 52.4%)是最常见的诊断，其次是肠闭锁(12.2%)。总死亡率为57%。胃裂新生儿的死亡率高于非胃裂新生儿(76.7% vs 35.9%， OR=5.893,p<0.001)。在胃裂新生儿中，与死亡率相关的因素是未能开始肠内喂养(100%，p=0.002)和败血症(82.5%，p=0.001)。在非胃裂手术条件下的新生儿中，与死亡相关的因素是早产(87.5%，OR:24, p=0.001)、低出生体重(72.7%对21.4%，p=0.003)、开始肠内喂养超过48小时(33.3%对25.8%，p=0.006)、脓毒症(64.7%对13.6%，OR:11.61, p<0.001)和需要机械通气(63.6%对25%，OR:5.25, p=0.024，)。结论:新生儿手术死亡率仍然是一个负担，有许多预测因素。需要改进和宣传以降低新生儿死亡率。
{"title":"Neonatal surgical mortality and morbidity at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, a tertiary university hospital in Rwanda: analysis of predicting factors","authors":"Dr. V. Maniraguha, P. Robin, J. Rickard, E. Ntaganda","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Globally, high morbidity and mortality is associated with neonatal surgicalconditions. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the mortality in neonates withsurgical conditions at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK).METHOD: This was a prospective study from October 2019 to March 2020. Analysis of patientswas divided based on a diagnosis of gastroschisis versus non-gastroschisis conditions. Odds ratioswere calculated at a confidence interval of 95%. Factors with p-value <0.05 on bivariate analysiswere considered.RESULTS: Eighty-two neonates were enrolled. 45.1% were admitted within the first 24 hours of life,61% were males, 26.9% were preterm, and 51.2% had birth weight less than 2500g. Gastroschisis(n=43, 52.4%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by intestinal atresia (12.2%). The overallmortality rate was 57%. Mortality was more likely to occur among neonates with gastroschisiscompared to neonates with non-gastroschisis surgical conditions (76.7% vs 35.9%, OR=5.893,p<0.001). Among neonates with gastroschisis, factors associated with mortality were the failureof initiation of enteral feeding (100%, p=0.002) and sepsis (82.5%, p=0.001).Among neonates with non-gastroschisis surgical conditions, factors associated with mortalitywere prematurity (87.5%, OR:24, p=0.001), low birth weight (72.7% vs 21.4%, p=0.003), initiationof enteral feeding at more than 48 hours (33.3% vs 25.8%, p=0.006), sepsis (64.7% vs 13.6%,OR:11.61, p<0.001), and need of mechanical ventilation (63.6% vs 25%, OR:5.25, p=0.024,).CONCLUSION: Neonatal surgical mortality is still a burden and has many predicting factors.Improvement and advocacy are needed to reduce neonatal mortality.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43454341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Food and Agriculture Organization defines food waste as the reductionin the nutritional value or mass of any edible part of food intended for human consumption.Malaysia produces approximately 17 thousand tons of food waste daily, which can threaten theenvironment. Present study aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behaviour to identify the factorsassociated with food waste behaviour in Sarawak.METHODS: A study was conducted between October 2020 and August 2022 using cross-sectionalstudy design. Households across Sarawak state were chosen using multistage random samplingtechnique. 2,059 respondents' data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data analysiswas performed using SPSS version 27.0 with a p-value of < 0.05 being considered statisticallysignificant.RESULTS: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that personal attitude (p < 0.001),subjective norms (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), gender (p < 0.05) and wealth (p < 0.01) positivelyand age inversely related with intentions not to waste food, while personal attitude (p < 0.001),subjective norms (p < 0.001), inversely related and perceived behavioural control (p < 0.001),and intentions (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.01) and gender (p < 0.01) positively related with food wastebehaviour.CONCLUSION: Results from the present study can strengthen the understanding of food wastebehaviour among the Sarawak population. Long-term programs focusing on reducing food wastebehaviour would be more effective in tackling this issue, as changing attitudes and norms in thecommunity usually require a long time.
{"title":"Household food waste behaviour in Sarawak, Malaysia: a hierarchical regression analysis","authors":"Md. Mizanur Rahman, W. L. Tung","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Food and Agriculture Organization defines food waste as the reductionin the nutritional value or mass of any edible part of food intended for human consumption.Malaysia produces approximately 17 thousand tons of food waste daily, which can threaten theenvironment. Present study aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behaviour to identify the factorsassociated with food waste behaviour in Sarawak.METHODS: A study was conducted between October 2020 and August 2022 using cross-sectionalstudy design. Households across Sarawak state were chosen using multistage random samplingtechnique. 2,059 respondents' data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data analysiswas performed using SPSS version 27.0 with a p-value of < 0.05 being considered statisticallysignificant.RESULTS: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that personal attitude (p < 0.001),subjective norms (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), gender (p < 0.05) and wealth (p < 0.01) positivelyand age inversely related with intentions not to waste food, while personal attitude (p < 0.001),subjective norms (p < 0.001), inversely related and perceived behavioural control (p < 0.001),and intentions (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.01) and gender (p < 0.01) positively related with food wastebehaviour.CONCLUSION: Results from the present study can strengthen the understanding of food wastebehaviour among the Sarawak population. Long-term programs focusing on reducing food wastebehaviour would be more effective in tackling this issue, as changing attitudes and norms in thecommunity usually require a long time.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46838443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ndungutse, F. Karege, C. Nsanzabaganwa, L. Mutesa
INTRODUCTION: We focused on a sample size of 141 unrelated Rwandan persons to genotype21 STR loci that were relied up in establishing allele frequencies, heterozygosity and power ofexclusion. This study aims at exploring allele frequencies on a representative sample from Rwandanpopulation to determine probability of paternity for sampled families basing on polymorphic STRsloci, using 21 autosomal-STR loci by Genetic Analyzer 3500X.METHODS: This was an experimental study and global filer TM Express PCR Amplification kit wasused to amplify 21 autosomal STR loci.RESULTS: The total number of observed alleles was 270; the largest number of different alleleswas seen in SE33 and D18S51 loci. The locus with the highest heterozygosity was SE33, while locusTH01 had the lowest heterozygosity. The heterozygosity of the 21 STR loci ranged from 71.3%(TH01) to 91.6% (SE33) with an average of 81.1% a good indicator of high genetic variability. Forall microsatellites analyzed the power of exclusion ranged from 43.4% (TH01) to 78.1% (SE33)with an average of 58.2%. For seven of eight cases examined in paternity test alleged father wasnot excluded as biological father of child. The results found in examination of case 8 indicated thatthe alleged father was not the biological father of the child.CONCLUSION: Based on calculated statistical parameters, the population of Rwanda may usethese 21 STR loci as a vital tool for forensic identification and paternity testing.
{"title":"Paternity testing using 21 STR Loci in a biotechnology approach: case of Rwandan Population","authors":"A. Ndungutse, F. Karege, C. Nsanzabaganwa, L. Mutesa","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: We focused on a sample size of 141 unrelated Rwandan persons to genotype21 STR loci that were relied up in establishing allele frequencies, heterozygosity and power ofexclusion. This study aims at exploring allele frequencies on a representative sample from Rwandanpopulation to determine probability of paternity for sampled families basing on polymorphic STRsloci, using 21 autosomal-STR loci by Genetic Analyzer 3500X.METHODS: This was an experimental study and global filer TM Express PCR Amplification kit wasused to amplify 21 autosomal STR loci.RESULTS: The total number of observed alleles was 270; the largest number of different alleleswas seen in SE33 and D18S51 loci. The locus with the highest heterozygosity was SE33, while locusTH01 had the lowest heterozygosity. The heterozygosity of the 21 STR loci ranged from 71.3%(TH01) to 91.6% (SE33) with an average of 81.1% a good indicator of high genetic variability. Forall microsatellites analyzed the power of exclusion ranged from 43.4% (TH01) to 78.1% (SE33)with an average of 58.2%. For seven of eight cases examined in paternity test alleged father wasnot excluded as biological father of child. The results found in examination of case 8 indicated thatthe alleged father was not the biological father of the child.CONCLUSION: Based on calculated statistical parameters, the population of Rwanda may usethese 21 STR loci as a vital tool for forensic identification and paternity testing.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48093587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: According to an analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO), thenumber of deaths caused by cancer has increased every year from 1990 to 2017. Mobile health(mHealth) technologies are powerful tools to improve cancer awareness by providing educationalinformation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine factors affecting the behaviorsamong caregivers of cancer patients in Malaysia using mHealth technologies.METHODS: The study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2)model as a theoretical framework, with the I-Change Model (ICM) to extend the UTAUT2. Thepopulation element in this research study focused on caregivers of cancer patients who own asmartphone capable of accessing the internet and can download mobile applications. SmartPLSwas used for model and construct testing. A total of 131 sets of valid data were collected from thetarget population through an online survey.RESULTS: Results showed Effort Expectancy (EE), Facilitating Condition (FC), Habit (HT),Awareness Factor (AWN), and Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR) were found to be significant constructs.Performance Expectancy (PE), Social Influence (SI), Hedonic Motivation (HM), and Price Value (PV)were not significant constructs.CONCLUSION: This study provided baseline data on the use of mHealth technologies to thecaregivers of cancer patients in Malaysia to reduce their caregiving burden.
导读:根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的一项分析，从1990年到2017年，由癌症导致的死亡人数每年都在增加。移动医疗(mHealth)技术是通过提供教育信息来提高癌症意识的有力工具。因此，本研究的目的是研究影响马来西亚使用移动医疗技术的癌症患者护理人员行为的因素。方法:本研究以UTAUT2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology)模型为理论框架，采用I-Change模型(ICM)对UTAUT2进行扩展。这项研究中的人口因素主要集中在癌症患者的护理人员身上，他们拥有能够上网并可以下载移动应用程序的智能手机。使用smartpls进行模型和结构测试。通过在线调查，从目标人群中收集了131组有效数据。结果:结果发现努力期望(EE)、便利条件(FC)、习惯(HT)、意识因子(AWN)和感知隐私风险(PPR)是显著构念。绩效期望(PE)、社会影响(SI)、享乐动机(HM)和价格价值(PV)不是显著构念。结论:本研究为马来西亚癌症患者的护理人员提供了使用移动健康技术的基线数据，以减轻他们的护理负担。
{"title":"Behavioral intention to use mobile health (mHealth) technologies among caregivers of cancer patients","authors":"Y. Iskandar, Au Chia Yen","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: According to an analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO), thenumber of deaths caused by cancer has increased every year from 1990 to 2017. Mobile health(mHealth) technologies are powerful tools to improve cancer awareness by providing educationalinformation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine factors affecting the behaviorsamong caregivers of cancer patients in Malaysia using mHealth technologies.METHODS: The study applied the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2)model as a theoretical framework, with the I-Change Model (ICM) to extend the UTAUT2. Thepopulation element in this research study focused on caregivers of cancer patients who own asmartphone capable of accessing the internet and can download mobile applications. SmartPLSwas used for model and construct testing. A total of 131 sets of valid data were collected from thetarget population through an online survey.RESULTS: Results showed Effort Expectancy (EE), Facilitating Condition (FC), Habit (HT),Awareness Factor (AWN), and Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR) were found to be significant constructs.Performance Expectancy (PE), Social Influence (SI), Hedonic Motivation (HM), and Price Value (PV)were not significant constructs.CONCLUSION: This study provided baseline data on the use of mHealth technologies to thecaregivers of cancer patients in Malaysia to reduce their caregiving burden.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41614342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: The widely documented poor knowledge of diabetes mellitus (DM) amongadolescents is a lacuna in the current drive to decrease the prevalence of the disease. This studywas designed to investigate the effects of teacher-led educational interventions on the knowledge,perception, and attitude towards DM among students of Dom-Domingos College Warri, DeltaState, Nigeria.METHODS: This pre-test post-test design study was conducted on 100 secondary school studentsof Dom-Domingos College in 2021, who were selected using the simple random samplingmethod. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire including demographic, knowledge,perception, and attitude sections. Afterward, an educational intervention was implementedamong the students for three weeks in three hourly sessions. After one month, the data wererecollected from the students and analyzed using mean, paired t-test, and logistic regression atP<0.05 level of significance by SPSS Version 17 software.RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 13.95±1.92 years, and 59 (59.0%) were females. Themajority of the students, 88 (88.0%), are aware of DM. The findings showed a significant increasein the mean knowledge, perception and attitude score in the post-test compared to the pre-testat P<0.05.CONCLUSION: Teacher-led educational intervention effectively improves knowledge, perception,and attitude towards DM prevention among in-school adolescents. Therefore, the studyrecommends utilizing this opportunity by educational and health policymakers to increasemessages of DM prevention in secondary schools in Nigeria.
摘要:文献记载的青少年糖尿病(DM)知识贫乏是当前降低该疾病患病率的一个空白。本研究旨在探讨教师主导的教育干预对尼日利亚DeltaState多姆-多明戈斯学院学生DM知识、认知和态度的影响。方法:采用简单随机抽样法，对2021年多明戈斯学院100名中学生进行前测后测设计研究。数据收集使用有效的问卷调查，包括人口统计，知识，感知和态度部分。之后，对学生进行为期三周的教育干预，每次三小时。1个月后，收集学生的数据，采用SPSS Version 17软件进行均值、配对t检验和atP<0.05显著性水平的logistic回归分析。结果:学生平均年龄为13.95±1.92岁，女性59人(59.0%)。绝大多数学生(88人，88.0%)意识到糖尿病的存在。测试后的平均知识、认知和态度得分较测试前显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:教师主导的教育干预有效提高了在校青少年预防糖尿病的知识、认知和态度。因此，该研究建议教育和卫生政策制定者利用这一机会在尼日利亚的中学中增加预防糖尿病的信息。
{"title":"Effects of teacher-led educational intervention on knowledge and attitude towards the prevention of diabetes mellitus among students of a secondary school in Southern Nigeria: a single group quasi-experimental study","authors":"A. Otovwe, O. Agofure, U. C. Okporu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The widely documented poor knowledge of diabetes mellitus (DM) amongadolescents is a lacuna in the current drive to decrease the prevalence of the disease. This studywas designed to investigate the effects of teacher-led educational interventions on the knowledge,perception, and attitude towards DM among students of Dom-Domingos College Warri, DeltaState, Nigeria.METHODS: This pre-test post-test design study was conducted on 100 secondary school studentsof Dom-Domingos College in 2021, who were selected using the simple random samplingmethod. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire including demographic, knowledge,perception, and attitude sections. Afterward, an educational intervention was implementedamong the students for three weeks in three hourly sessions. After one month, the data wererecollected from the students and analyzed using mean, paired t-test, and logistic regression atP<0.05 level of significance by SPSS Version 17 software.RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 13.95±1.92 years, and 59 (59.0%) were females. Themajority of the students, 88 (88.0%), are aware of DM. The findings showed a significant increasein the mean knowledge, perception and attitude score in the post-test compared to the pre-testat P<0.05.CONCLUSION: Teacher-led educational intervention effectively improves knowledge, perception,and attitude towards DM prevention among in-school adolescents. Therefore, the studyrecommends utilizing this opportunity by educational and health policymakers to increasemessages of DM prevention in secondary schools in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Dukuze, P. Sesonga, B. Iradukunada, H. Irere, J. Ndinkabandi, C. Nsanzabaganwa, F. Rutarama, C. Kagimbana, A. Uwineza, L. Mutesa
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease with a prevalence of about1/3000. The clinical diagnosis of NF1 is based on the presence of two or more of the followingcriteria: six or more café au lait spots, >2 neurofibromas of any type, freckling in the axillary oringuinal region, optic glioma, a distinctive osseous lesion such as sphenoid dysplasia or thinning oflong bone cortex with or without pseudoarthrosis, and a first degree relative with NF1.We report A 7-year-old male with multiple café au lait spots diagnosed with Neurofibromatosisin Kigali-Rwanda by using next-generation sequencing and copy number variation analysis, thepatient presented with painless nodular skin lesions that first developed 4 years earlier. Skinnodules initially appeared on the anterior chest wall and progressed to the posterior chest wallextending to the axilla region. His medical history and that of his family were unremarkable. To ourknowledge, this is the first case to be diagnosed using this technology; The disease has numerouscomplications. The mutation rate for NF1-gene is high; 50% of all cases of NF1 are from newmutations. The gene protein product - neurofibromin plays an important role in tumor genesis asa tumor-suppressor gene.Combining both clinical findings and molecular genetic evaluation to identify disease-causingmutations is paramount in confirming the diagnosis. Patient care is best done in a multidisciplinarysetting approach for proper patient satisfaction and better prediction of future prognosis.
{"title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1, from gene mutation to clinical presentation","authors":"N. Dukuze, P. Sesonga, B. Iradukunada, H. Irere, J. Ndinkabandi, C. Nsanzabaganwa, F. Rutarama, C. Kagimbana, A. Uwineza, L. Mutesa","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease with a prevalence of about1/3000. The clinical diagnosis of NF1 is based on the presence of two or more of the followingcriteria: six or more café au lait spots, >2 neurofibromas of any type, freckling in the axillary oringuinal region, optic glioma, a distinctive osseous lesion such as sphenoid dysplasia or thinning oflong bone cortex with or without pseudoarthrosis, and a first degree relative with NF1.We report A 7-year-old male with multiple café au lait spots diagnosed with Neurofibromatosisin Kigali-Rwanda by using next-generation sequencing and copy number variation analysis, thepatient presented with painless nodular skin lesions that first developed 4 years earlier. Skinnodules initially appeared on the anterior chest wall and progressed to the posterior chest wallextending to the axilla region. His medical history and that of his family were unremarkable. To ourknowledge, this is the first case to be diagnosed using this technology; The disease has numerouscomplications. The mutation rate for NF1-gene is high; 50% of all cases of NF1 are from newmutations. The gene protein product - neurofibromin plays an important role in tumor genesis asa tumor-suppressor gene.Combining both clinical findings and molecular genetic evaluation to identify disease-causingmutations is paramount in confirming the diagnosis. Patient care is best done in a multidisciplinarysetting approach for proper patient satisfaction and better prediction of future prognosis.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49601844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: The use of so-called beneficial music such as 432 Hz can be a support before andafter rehabilitation treatment. However, nowadays, they are hardly ever suggested because theyare often little known or disregarded by rehabilitation clinicians. This review aimed to map andsummarise the literature to identify interventions using the beneficial 432 Hz music.METHODS: Four databases were searched until December 2022. The studies considered the useof the beneficial 432 Hz frequency before or after rehabilitation treatment. All interventions andcontexts were considered. No restrictions were applied regarding language, study design, andpublication type. Grey literature and reference lists of included articles were not identified. Theresults were presented in numerical and thematic form.RESULTS: From 23 initial registrations, 4 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most of the articleswere randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and considered both young and adult sporty and nonsportypatients who used five-toed socks. The authors discussed only one range of interventions:conservative (n = 4). Specifically, the use of five-toed socks for a period of more than one week.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.The results revealed clear gaps in primary research, confirming that current management is basedon knowledge of beneficial frequencies, particularly the 432 Hz. This review may be useful forgeneral management and may provide a starting point for future research.
{"title":"Can beneficial frequencies in physiotherapy help treatment? Scoping Review","authors":"R. Tedeschi","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The use of so-called beneficial music such as 432 Hz can be a support before andafter rehabilitation treatment. However, nowadays, they are hardly ever suggested because theyare often little known or disregarded by rehabilitation clinicians. This review aimed to map andsummarise the literature to identify interventions using the beneficial 432 Hz music.METHODS: Four databases were searched until December 2022. The studies considered the useof the beneficial 432 Hz frequency before or after rehabilitation treatment. All interventions andcontexts were considered. No restrictions were applied regarding language, study design, andpublication type. Grey literature and reference lists of included articles were not identified. Theresults were presented in numerical and thematic form.RESULTS: From 23 initial registrations, 4 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most of the articleswere randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and considered both young and adult sporty and nonsportypatients who used five-toed socks. The authors discussed only one range of interventions:conservative (n = 4). Specifically, the use of five-toed socks for a period of more than one week.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.The results revealed clear gaps in primary research, confirming that current management is basedon knowledge of beneficial frequencies, particularly the 432 Hz. This review may be useful forgeneral management and may provide a starting point for future research.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42250524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rwanda, the historical background reveals that anatomy was introduced into the medical program 6 years after the beginning of medical education. The development of the clinical anatomy unit started in 2002. Initially, the anatomical specimen was collected from amputated limbs and body organs from an autopsy.Growing the field of anatomy in Rwanda has been a long journey guided by a constant commitment by the pioneers. The process was based on a guiding philosophy of delivering anatomy relevant to the clinical practice. The cadaver dissection practice is a gold standard for a challenging task. It needs strategies to build a system that facilitates the acquisition of cadavers, its processing, and the use and disposal of remains in human conditions. A law that regulates the use of human bodies, organs, and tissues in teaching and research was promulgated in 2010, and signed MoU on the supply of cadavers for teaching purposes with various hospitals in Rwanda.In 2020, the Society of Clinical Anatomy of Rwanda (S-CAR) was founded to promote the growth of anatomical sciences and create a community for anatomy in Rwanda. The regular organization of surgical anatomy dissection courses has positively impacted the surgical trainees’ skills and anatomy delivery. Despite the challenges, anatomy is alive in Rwanda, as testified to by the successful organization of the First Anatomy Annual Congress in October 2022.
{"title":"Developing an Anatomy Unit in Rwanda: Overcoming Challenges","authors":"J. Gashegu, Prof. Julien Gashegu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Rwanda, the historical background reveals that anatomy was introduced into the medical program 6 years after the beginning of medical education. The development of the clinical anatomy unit started in 2002. Initially, the anatomical specimen was collected from amputated limbs and body organs from an autopsy.Growing the field of anatomy in Rwanda has been a long journey guided by a constant commitment by the pioneers. The process was based on a guiding philosophy of delivering anatomy relevant to the clinical practice. The cadaver dissection practice is a gold standard for a challenging task. It needs strategies to build a system that facilitates the acquisition of cadavers, its processing, and the use and disposal of remains in human conditions. A law that regulates the use of human bodies, organs, and tissues in teaching and research was promulgated in 2010, and signed MoU on the supply of cadavers for teaching purposes with various hospitals in Rwanda.In 2020, the Society of Clinical Anatomy of Rwanda (S-CAR) was founded to promote the growth of anatomical sciences and create a community for anatomy in Rwanda. The regular organization of surgical anatomy dissection courses has positively impacted the surgical trainees’ skills and anatomy delivery. Despite the challenges, anatomy is alive in Rwanda, as testified to by the successful organization of the First Anatomy Annual Congress in October 2022.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49123506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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