INTRODUCTION: During pregnancy, all antenatal women face the danger of death due to obstetrics entanglements. Spouse support is a must to reduce obstetric complications. This study assessed and educated the spouse of an antenatal mother’s knowledge level on obstetric danger signs in Vani Vilas hospital, Bangalore, India. METHODS: This evaluative study was conducted among 50 spouses of Antenatal mothers. The levels of knowledge were analyzed using pre- and post-education sessions.RESULTS: Before the intervention, 17 out of 50 subjects (34%) had adequate and moderately adequate knowledge; respectively, there was inadequate knowledge among 16 (32%) spouses. After the intervention, all the subjects, 50 (100%), had an adequate knowledge level. To evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness, a paired t-test was computed (t = 15.68 p < 0.05). Among 50 (88%), 44 had adequate knowledge, and 6 (12%) had moderately adequate knowledge during pre-test scores on danger signs in labor. Regarding puerperium danger signs, 19 (38%) of them had adequate knowledge, and 27 (54%) and 4 (8%) of them had moderately adequate and inadequate knowledge, respectively. In post-tests, 50 (100%) of them had adequate knowledge regarding danger signs during labor, and 40 (80%), and 10 (20%) of them, had adequate and moderately adequate knowledge regarding danger signs during puerperium. Regression analysis revealed that antenatal visits (0.002), gravidity (0.022), and parity (0.034) were associated with the pre-test knowledge score of the spouses.CONCLUSION: The video teaching program was significantly associated with the knowledge of spouses of antenatal mothers by knowledge enhancement, so it should be encouraged and adopted by all the hospitals.
导读:在怀孕期间，所有产前妇女都面临着因产科纠缠而死亡的危险。配偶支持是减少产科并发症的必要条件。本研究评估和教育了印度班加罗尔Vani Vilas医院产前母亲的配偶对产科危险迹象的知识水平。方法:本评估性研究在50名产前母亲的配偶中进行。知识水平通过教育前和教育后的课程进行分析。结果:干预前，50名受试者中有17名(34%)具有充分和中等充分的知识;分别有16名(32%)配偶存在知识不足。干预后，50名(100%)被试均有足够的知识水平。为了评估干预的有效性，进行配对t检验(t = 15.68 p < 0.05)。50人(88%)中，有44人对临产危险信号有充分的了解，6人(12%)对临产危险信号有适度的了解。对产褥期危险体征有充分认识的有19人(38%)，中度充分认识的有27人(54%)，不充分认识的有4人(8%)。在后期测试中，50人(100%)对分娩过程中的危险信号有足够的了解，其中40人(80%)和10人(20%)对产褥期的危险信号有足够和适度的了解。回归分析显示，产前就诊(0.002)、胎次(0.022)和胎次(0.034)与配偶的测前知识得分相关。结论:视频教学方案通过提高产前母亲配偶的知识，与产前母亲配偶的知识有显著的相关性，值得各医院推广和采用。
{"title":"Video-tutelage on obstetric danger signs among spouses of antenatal mothers","authors":"G. Umaparvathi, S. Sharma, P. Manger","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: During pregnancy, all antenatal women face the danger of death due to obstetrics entanglements. Spouse support is a must to reduce obstetric complications. This study assessed and educated the spouse of an antenatal mother’s knowledge level on obstetric danger signs in Vani Vilas hospital, Bangalore, India. METHODS: This evaluative study was conducted among 50 spouses of Antenatal mothers. The levels of knowledge were analyzed using pre- and post-education sessions.RESULTS: Before the intervention, 17 out of 50 subjects (34%) had adequate and moderately adequate knowledge; respectively, there was inadequate knowledge among 16 (32%) spouses. After the intervention, all the subjects, 50 (100%), had an adequate knowledge level. To evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness, a paired t-test was computed (t = 15.68 p < 0.05). Among 50 (88%), 44 had adequate knowledge, and 6 (12%) had moderately adequate knowledge during pre-test scores on danger signs in labor. Regarding puerperium danger signs, 19 (38%) of them had adequate knowledge, and 27 (54%) and 4 (8%) of them had moderately adequate and inadequate knowledge, respectively. In post-tests, 50 (100%) of them had adequate knowledge regarding danger signs during labor, and 40 (80%), and 10 (20%) of them, had adequate and moderately adequate knowledge regarding danger signs during puerperium. Regression analysis revealed that antenatal visits (0.002), gravidity (0.022), and parity (0.034) were associated with the pre-test knowledge score of the spouses.CONCLUSION: The video teaching program was significantly associated with the knowledge of spouses of antenatal mothers by knowledge enhancement, so it should be encouraged and adopted by all the hospitals.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44014935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Habumuremyi, A. Omodan, C. Niyibigira, G. Ndayegamiye, J. Gashegu, Mr. Schadrack Habumuremyi
INTRODUCTION: Anatomical variation of high brachial artery bifurcation and these morphological variations of the brachial artery should be considered by surgeons when performing procedures in the brachial artery area.CASE: The left anterior arm and anterior forearm regions of a thirty-three-year-old cadaver was dissected. The origin, course, and terminal branches of the Brachial artery were traced. It was then observed that the Brachial artery bifurcation was in the upper third of the humerus instead of the cubital fossa. CONCLUSION: Brachial artery and its terminal branch variations are less common. However Brachial artery could be bifurcated and then reunite. In this case, the brachial artery presented bifurcation one laterally and another one medially with the median nerve running between them. Both branches don’t reunite but continue laterally and medially, respectively.
{"title":"Anatomical variation of high brachial artery bifurcation: A case report","authors":"S. Habumuremyi, A. Omodan, C. Niyibigira, G. Ndayegamiye, J. Gashegu, Mr. Schadrack Habumuremyi","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Anatomical variation of high brachial artery bifurcation and these morphological variations of the brachial artery should be considered by surgeons when performing procedures in the brachial artery area.CASE: The left anterior arm and anterior forearm regions of a thirty-three-year-old cadaver was dissected. The origin, course, and terminal branches of the Brachial artery were traced. It was then observed that the Brachial artery bifurcation was in the upper third of the humerus instead of the cubital fossa. CONCLUSION: Brachial artery and its terminal branch variations are less common. However Brachial artery could be bifurcated and then reunite. In this case, the brachial artery presented bifurcation one laterally and another one medially with the median nerve running between them. Both branches don’t reunite but continue laterally and medially, respectively.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kubwimana, J. P. Rugambwa, I. Kwizera, A. Buteera, J. Gashegu
Scaphoid, the boat-shaped carpal bone, is largely covered by articular cartilage. It has a much more complex arterial supply than previously reported, moreover, this arterial pattern has been hypothesized to lead to avascular necrosis after fracturesScaphoid blood supply has long been documented as scarce; it arises from the radial artery giving palmar and dorsal branches. There is high-grade evidence reporting two main arteries entering from the distal half of the scaphoid and middle to lower-grade evidence reporting several arteries scattered over the entire scaphoid and anastomosis of the radial artery with intercarpal arteries. Dorsal arteries are slightly larger in diameter and many more than volar ones. The scaphoid shape is associated with variations in arterial supply patterns. Scaphoid surgery preserving vascular supply is the gold standard. Scaphoid blood supply is not as poor as previously documented, as current evidence supports even proximal pole vascularization. We recommend surgery to preserve the blood supply and foster research in this area.
{"title":"Scaphoid Arterial supply: A Review","authors":"O. Kubwimana, J. P. Rugambwa, I. Kwizera, A. Buteera, J. Gashegu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Scaphoid, the boat-shaped carpal bone, is largely covered by articular cartilage. It has a much more complex arterial supply than previously reported, moreover, this arterial pattern has been hypothesized to lead to avascular necrosis after fracturesScaphoid blood supply has long been documented as scarce; it arises from the radial artery giving palmar and dorsal branches. There is high-grade evidence reporting two main arteries entering from the distal half of the scaphoid and middle to lower-grade evidence reporting several arteries scattered over the entire scaphoid and anastomosis of the radial artery with intercarpal arteries. Dorsal arteries are slightly larger in diameter and many more than volar ones. The scaphoid shape is associated with variations in arterial supply patterns. Scaphoid surgery preserving vascular supply is the gold standard. Scaphoid blood supply is not as poor as previously documented, as current evidence supports even proximal pole vascularization. We recommend surgery to preserve the blood supply and foster research in this area.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42609585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theme: Promoting anatomy to enlighten safe and effective clinical practice It is with a greater honor that I welcome you to this Anatomy Annual Congress, the first of its kind in Rwanda. Anatomy is an essential fundamental science in medical education and medical practice and it deserve to be vibrant scientifically. The S-CAR have been founded with the aim of growing the anatomy sciences and this congress is a wonderful outcome of this common commitment. The congress has 4 events that include: a pre-conference workshop on the peripheral nervous system, the S-CAR annual congress, the scientific conference and the world anatomy day (WAD). Reinforcing the importance of the PNS, Dr. David HAKIZIMANA, a Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon wrote this, I quote: “Peripheral nerve surgery is used to improve function and minimize pain and disability in people with peripheral nerve disorders, such as acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathies, and nerve sheath tumors. It involves rerouting healthy nerves to take over the function of the nerves affected by injury, disease, or condition. Surgical treatment for peripheral nerve injuries involves a team which may include: neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons. Globally the status of peripheral nerve surgery practice within the global landscape of surgery has long been in the shadow of the more prominent areas. The reasons are many, one of them plausibly being the conceptual frame of the very word “peripheral”, which evoke the notions of marginality and lesser importance especially for neurosurgeons. Some of the related common misconceptions are that neurological deficit in peripheral nerve injury is permanent and irreversible, that peripheral nerves do not have the ability to regenerate, that the results of surgical treatment are insignificant. In Rwanda and Africa in general peripheral nerve surgery in almost non-existing or at embryonic phase at best. Although peripheral nerve surgery is not a life-saving surgery, it has been proved to be a life-changing surgery, with a major impact on the quality of patient’s life, as it improves the patient’s ability to perform every day and professional activities and thus affects his/her physical and psychological well-being. Moreover, since most patients with peripheral nerve injuries and brachial plexus injuries belong to the working-age population, peripheral nerve surgery also has substantial socioeconomic implications. Contrary to the previously held view, the peripheral nerve system has been shown to have a huge regeneration potential, with significant results enhanced by different modalities of stimulation, whereby recent research on brain plasticity indicates that experience-dependent reorganization of neural networks plays an important role in functional recovery. For all these reasons, systematic research, education, and practice in peripheral nerve surgery is definitely worth the effort. The aim of this course will be to train residents and inter
{"title":"First Anatomy Annual Congress in Rwanda - October 13 – 15, 2022","authors":"SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ANATOMY OF RWANDA (S-CAR)","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Theme: Promoting anatomy to enlighten safe and effective clinical practice \u0000It is with a greater honor that I welcome you to this Anatomy Annual Congress, the first of its kind in Rwanda. Anatomy is an essential fundamental science in medical education and medical practice and it deserve to be vibrant scientifically. The S-CAR have been founded with the aim of growing the anatomy sciences and this congress is a wonderful outcome of this common commitment. The congress has 4 events that include: a pre-conference workshop on the peripheral nervous system, the S-CAR annual congress, the scientific conference and the world anatomy day (WAD). \u0000Reinforcing the importance of the PNS, Dr. David HAKIZIMANA, a Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon wrote this, I quote: “Peripheral nerve surgery is used to improve function and minimize pain and disability in people with peripheral nerve disorders, such as acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathies, and nerve sheath tumors. It involves rerouting healthy nerves to take over the function of the nerves affected by injury, disease, or condition. Surgical treatment for peripheral nerve injuries involves a team which may include: neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons. Globally the status of peripheral nerve surgery practice within the global landscape of surgery has long been in the shadow of the more prominent areas. The reasons are many, one of them plausibly being the conceptual frame of the very word “peripheral”, which evoke the notions of marginality and lesser importance especially for neurosurgeons. Some of the related common misconceptions are that neurological deficit in peripheral nerve injury is permanent and irreversible, that peripheral nerves do not have the ability to regenerate, that the results of surgical treatment are insignificant. In Rwanda and Africa in general peripheral nerve surgery in almost non-existing or at embryonic phase at best. Although peripheral nerve surgery is not a life-saving surgery, it has been proved to be a life-changing surgery, with a major impact on the quality of patient’s life, as it improves the patient’s ability to perform every day and professional activities and thus affects his/her physical and psychological well-being. Moreover, since most patients with peripheral nerve injuries and brachial plexus injuries belong to the working-age population, peripheral nerve surgery also has substantial socioeconomic implications. Contrary to the previously held view, the peripheral nerve system has been shown to have a huge regeneration potential, with significant results enhanced by different modalities of stimulation, whereby recent research on brain plasticity indicates that experience-dependent reorganization of neural networks plays an important role in functional recovery. For all these reasons, systematic research, education, and practice in peripheral nerve surgery is definitely worth the effort. The aim of this course will be to train residents and inter","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44257649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section (CS), although a relatively safe procedure, is associated with more risks than vaginal delivery, regardless of HIV status. Complications following CS are greater in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women. This study’s objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CS in HIV-positive patients in our environment.METHODS: A case-control study of factors associated with and outcomes of CS over 13 years was conducted in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women at UMTH. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with CS in HIV-positive women. Stratified analysis was used to determine factors associated with the development of complications following CS in HIV-positive women. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of CS in HIV-positive women was 3.02%, with PMTCT 51.5% (53/103) as the major indication. Compared to the control, the HIV-positive women were more likely to have pre-operative anemia (P= 0.001) and their CS to be undertaken electively (P<0.001), under general anesthesia (P<0.001), to last more than 60 minutes (P=0.002) and develop a postoperative complication (77.8% vs. 22.2%). Pre-operative anemia and preterm delivery were found to be associated with the development of a complication.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cesarean section in HIV-positive patients is low in our environment. CS is also more likely to be performed electively for over 60 minutes under general anesthesia on a nulliparous woman with no formal education and pre-operative anemia.
{"title":"revalence and factors associated with cesarean section in HIV-positive patients in a university teaching hospital – A case-control study","authors":"A. Geidam, A. Usman, D. Goje","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section (CS), although a relatively safe procedure, is associated with more risks than vaginal delivery, regardless of HIV status. Complications following CS are greater in HIV-positive women than in HIV-negative women. This study’s objective was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CS in HIV-positive patients in our environment.METHODS: A case-control study of factors associated with and outcomes of CS over 13 years was conducted in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women at UMTH. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with CS in HIV-positive women. Stratified analysis was used to determine factors associated with the development of complications following CS in HIV-positive women. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of CS in HIV-positive women was 3.02%, with PMTCT 51.5% (53/103) as the major indication. Compared to the control, the HIV-positive women were more likely to have pre-operative anemia (P= 0.001) and their CS to be undertaken electively (P<0.001), under general anesthesia (P<0.001), to last more than 60 minutes (P=0.002) and develop a postoperative complication (77.8% vs. 22.2%). Pre-operative anemia and preterm delivery were found to be associated with the development of a complication.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cesarean section in HIV-positive patients is low in our environment. CS is also more likely to be performed electively for over 60 minutes under general anesthesia on a nulliparous woman with no formal education and pre-operative anemia.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gashegu, D. Hakizimana, I. Ncogoza, M. Nyundo, F. Ntirenganya, Prof. Julien Gashegu
INTRODUCTION: Human anatomy is one of the fundamental pillars of basic medical sciences, which forms the cornerstone of the ever-evolving medical practice. It is, therefore, important to strengthen anatomy education at all stages of medical training. Since 2020, the Department of Human Anatomy, in collaboration with the Department of Surgery, organized surgical anatomy dissection courses to improve surgical practice safety and competence. This educational study aimed to share lessons learned from organizing anatomy dissection courses and measure the impact on knowledge and skills acquisition by surgical trainees. METHODS: Courses were designed with clear learning objectives and programs. A pre-test was administered to trainees before the dissection course, and a post-test was organized at the end of the course. Descriptive statistics were used to compare pre- and post-test scores. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Likert scale was used to measure trainees’ satisfaction at the end of every course.RESULTS: From August 2020 to December 2021, 11 cadaveric dissection courses were organized, and 173 trainees from 6 Surgical Residency programs: Plastic surgery, General surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Urology, Neurosurgery, ENT, and Obstetrics and Gynecology. Nineteen trainers from the Surgery Department and Anatomy Department were involved.There was a significant improvement in marks in the post-test test as compared to the pre-test score. The average increase in the mark was 26.4% with a 95% CI [23-0 – 29.7], p-value < 0.001. There was a negative correlation (r=-0.8948, p-value < 0.001) between the marks at pre-test and the improvement score, suggesting that the lowest performers on the pre-test had the biggest post-test improvement. Trainees’ satisfaction was at a high level. 87.6% of trainees reported a desire to pursue training to become anatomy educators in the future. CONCLUSION: Surgical anatomy dissection courses positively impacted surgical knowledge and skills acquisition, integrating anatomy into surgical training. Cadaver-based surgical procedures simulation should be encouraged and integrated into surgical curricula.
{"title":"Impacting surgical training: Role of surgical anatomy dissection courses","authors":"J. Gashegu, D. Hakizimana, I. Ncogoza, M. Nyundo, F. Ntirenganya, Prof. Julien Gashegu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Human anatomy is one of the fundamental pillars of basic medical sciences, which forms the cornerstone of the ever-evolving medical practice. It is, therefore, important to strengthen anatomy education at all stages of medical training. Since 2020, the Department of Human Anatomy, in collaboration with the Department of Surgery, organized surgical anatomy dissection courses to improve surgical practice safety and competence. This educational study aimed to share lessons learned from organizing anatomy dissection courses and measure the impact on knowledge and skills acquisition by surgical trainees. METHODS: Courses were designed with clear learning objectives and programs. A pre-test was administered to trainees before the dissection course, and a post-test was organized at the end of the course. Descriptive statistics were used to compare pre- and post-test scores. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Likert scale was used to measure trainees’ satisfaction at the end of every course.RESULTS: From August 2020 to December 2021, 11 cadaveric dissection courses were organized, and 173 trainees from 6 Surgical Residency programs: Plastic surgery, General surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Urology, Neurosurgery, ENT, and Obstetrics and Gynecology. Nineteen trainers from the Surgery Department and Anatomy Department were involved.There was a significant improvement in marks in the post-test test as compared to the pre-test score. The average increase in the mark was 26.4% with a 95% CI [23-0 – 29.7], p-value < 0.001. There was a negative correlation (r=-0.8948, p-value < 0.001) between the marks at pre-test and the improvement score, suggesting that the lowest performers on the pre-test had the biggest post-test improvement. Trainees’ satisfaction was at a high level. 87.6% of trainees reported a desire to pursue training to become anatomy educators in the future. CONCLUSION: Surgical anatomy dissection courses positively impacted surgical knowledge and skills acquisition, integrating anatomy into surgical training. Cadaver-based surgical procedures simulation should be encouraged and integrated into surgical curricula.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46483251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Adam Afodun, J. Gashegu, K. Khadijah Quadri, A. Mustapha Masud, A. Imam, M. Fernendez Edgar, gg, S. Olatayo Okeniran
A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 weeks gestational age. The absence of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, cranial vault, anhydramnios, abdominal ascites, and phaco-rhizomelia was discovered. We discuss evidence-based quadra –amelia in a non-consanguineous (negroid) couple of a 25-week prenatal scan. Apart from amelia on all four limbs, the fetus had abdominal ascites with other dysmorphic features. Tetramelia is known to be caused by mutation of the WNTB gene; in close relative inter-marriages. A diagnosis of ascites, amelia, anencephaly/acrania, and anhydramnios was made, and the prognosis was documented in this report.
{"title":"Alive without a brain: Acrania/anencephaly, anhydraminios, abdominal-ascites, amelia and agenesis of the kidneys","authors":"M. Adam Afodun, J. Gashegu, K. Khadijah Quadri, A. Mustapha Masud, A. Imam, M. Fernendez Edgar, gg, S. Olatayo Okeniran","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"A gravid middle-aged woman viewed on ultrasound demonstrated a viable anencephalic fetus at 25 weeks gestational age. The absence of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, cranial vault, anhydramnios, abdominal ascites, and phaco-rhizomelia was discovered. We discuss evidence-based quadra –amelia in a non-consanguineous (negroid) couple of a 25-week prenatal scan. Apart from amelia on all four limbs, the fetus had abdominal ascites with other dysmorphic features. Tetramelia is known to be caused by mutation of the WNTB gene; in close relative inter-marriages. A diagnosis of ascites, amelia, anencephaly/acrania, and anhydramnios was made, and the prognosis was documented in this report.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44284359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ndahimana, J. Ngenzi, J. Izabayo, A. Ivang, O. Kubwimana, V. Sezibera, J. Gashegu
INTRODUCTION: Human anatomy is a cornerstone of medical practice hence teaching modalities should be strengthened. Major challenges were faced in this COVID-19 era when the teaching aspect was considered. The use of eLearning and blended learning is an innovative delivery mode to enhance medical education efficiency in the pandemic era. This study aims at investigating the student perception and satisfaction with the blended learning modality at the University of Rwanda.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study that was conducted at the University of Rwanda. 115 students undertaking the anatomy module participated and were subjected to the validated online questionnaire using Microsoft form. The data were exported from Google Forms to Microsoft excel 2013 for cleaning and coding and analyzed with SPSS version 25; cleaned data were then exported to SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was done using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. The University approval was obtained.RESULTS: Out of 134 students, 115 students (85.4%) were enrolled in the study. Learning outcomes were reported to be clear, the anatomy module was well organized, and timely delivered module teaching was reported, and findings were 43.1%, 83,6% and 78.5%, respectively. On practical sessions, students expressed high satisfaction at 87.6%, with cadaver-based learning interest at 91.2%. E-learning relevance was higher than three quarters (76.5%).CONCLUSION: We noted the effectiveness of online and in-person teaching modalities among medical students undertaking the anatomy module at the University of Rwanda. Improvement of e-learning modality and availing prerequisite equipment at the University of Rwanda is recommended.
{"title":"Students’ perception toward blended anatomy learning modalities in the COVID-19 era","authors":"P. Ndahimana, J. Ngenzi, J. Izabayo, A. Ivang, O. Kubwimana, V. Sezibera, J. Gashegu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Human anatomy is a cornerstone of medical practice hence teaching modalities should be strengthened. Major challenges were faced in this COVID-19 era when the teaching aspect was considered. The use of eLearning and blended learning is an innovative delivery mode to enhance medical education efficiency in the pandemic era. This study aims at investigating the student perception and satisfaction with the blended learning modality at the University of Rwanda.METHODS: This was a cross sectional study that was conducted at the University of Rwanda. 115 students undertaking the anatomy module participated and were subjected to the validated online questionnaire using Microsoft form. The data were exported from Google Forms to Microsoft excel 2013 for cleaning and coding and analyzed with SPSS version 25; cleaned data were then exported to SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis was done using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages. The University approval was obtained.RESULTS: Out of 134 students, 115 students (85.4%) were enrolled in the study. Learning outcomes were reported to be clear, the anatomy module was well organized, and timely delivered module teaching was reported, and findings were 43.1%, 83,6% and 78.5%, respectively. On practical sessions, students expressed high satisfaction at 87.6%, with cadaver-based learning interest at 91.2%. E-learning relevance was higher than three quarters (76.5%).CONCLUSION: We noted the effectiveness of online and in-person teaching modalities among medical students undertaking the anatomy module at the University of Rwanda. Improvement of e-learning modality and availing prerequisite equipment at the University of Rwanda is recommended.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41901463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ashwini Aithal, A. Binti Amber, C. Wen Hao, H. Elang Gopalan, S. Krishnappan, V. Upeka Goonesinghe, N. Kumar
INTRODUCTION: Anaemia in geriatric populations poses challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Hence, this study was done to investigate the incidence of anemia among the geriatric population of South India. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional study with 144 patients aged 65 years and above. Socio-demographic data and laboratory findings were recorded in a validated proforma format. Data were analyzed using SPSS.RESULTS: 36.1% of the study population was anemic, and 63.9% were non-anemic. The prevalence of anemia was higher among females (36.36%) than males (35.82%). The prevalence of anemia was significantly correlated with advanced age (r=0.21; p < 0.05) and female sex (r=0.25; p < 0.05). Thirty-six patients were mild anemic (69%), 13 had moderate (25%), and 3 (6%) had severe anemia. Nutritional anemia was most common (80%), followed by hemorrhagic anemia (18%) and hemolytic anemia (2%). Among the 52 patients who were anemic, the most common comorbidities associated were Type 2 diabetes mellitus (69.2%) and hypertension (53.8%). Liver diseases were present in 5 cases (9.62%), renal insufficiency in 14 cases (26.9%), hypercholesterolemia in 5 cases (9.62%), and 6 cases (11.5%) were associated with other diseases. All the patients were managed conservatively with treatment, and anemia improved in 36.5% of cases.CONCLUSION: Anaemia was frequently diagnosed in the studied geriatric population. Nutritional deficiencies were the most common cause, followed by hemorrhagic and hemolytic anemia. The impact of anemia on quality of life, recovery from illness, and functional abilities must be further investigated in future geriatric studies.
{"title":"Incidence and factors associated with anemia among the geriatric population at a tertiary care hospital in southern India","authors":"P. Ashwini Aithal, A. Binti Amber, C. Wen Hao, H. Elang Gopalan, S. Krishnappan, V. Upeka Goonesinghe, N. Kumar","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Anaemia in geriatric populations poses challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. Hence, this study was done to investigate the incidence of anemia among the geriatric population of South India. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional study with 144 patients aged 65 years and above. Socio-demographic data and laboratory findings were recorded in a validated proforma format. Data were analyzed using SPSS.RESULTS: 36.1% of the study population was anemic, and 63.9% were non-anemic. The prevalence of anemia was higher among females (36.36%) than males (35.82%). The prevalence of anemia was significantly correlated with advanced age (r=0.21; p < 0.05) and female sex (r=0.25; p < 0.05). Thirty-six patients were mild anemic (69%), 13 had moderate (25%), and 3 (6%) had severe anemia. Nutritional anemia was most common (80%), followed by hemorrhagic anemia (18%) and hemolytic anemia (2%). Among the 52 patients who were anemic, the most common comorbidities associated were Type 2 diabetes mellitus (69.2%) and hypertension (53.8%). Liver diseases were present in 5 cases (9.62%), renal insufficiency in 14 cases (26.9%), hypercholesterolemia in 5 cases (9.62%), and 6 cases (11.5%) were associated with other diseases. All the patients were managed conservatively with treatment, and anemia improved in 36.5% of cases.CONCLUSION: Anaemia was frequently diagnosed in the studied geriatric population. Nutritional deficiencies were the most common cause, followed by hemorrhagic and hemolytic anemia. The impact of anemia on quality of life, recovery from illness, and functional abilities must be further investigated in future geriatric studies.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":"439 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135950190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: The inferior thyroid artery (ITA) usually originates from the thyrocervical trunk in the majority of the human population (90.5%), or from the subclavian artery in a few populations of humans (7.5%). It is quite rare to find the ITA originating from the common carotid artery (CCA). CASE PRESENTATION: This study was a case report of a cadaveric dissection at the anatomy department, university of Rwanda. The case was a 54-year-old male who had 2 inferior thyroid arteries on the left side, with one originating from the thyrocervical trunk and the other taking a rare anatomical origin from the CCA. CONCLUSION: It is important that such anatomical arterial patterns be documented in order to create awareness that is useful to surgeons and imaging specialists. This will help reduce the risk of iatrogenic complications during the surgical intervention to the thyroid gland.
{"title":"A rare anatomical origin of the inferior thyroid artery from the common carotid artery: A case report","authors":"V. Archibong, A. Omodan, J. Gashegu","doi":"10.4314/rmj.v80i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The inferior thyroid artery (ITA) usually originates from the thyrocervical trunk in the majority of the human population (90.5%), or from the subclavian artery in a few populations of humans (7.5%). It is quite rare to find the ITA originating from the common carotid artery (CCA). CASE PRESENTATION: This study was a case report of a cadaveric dissection at the anatomy department, university of Rwanda. The case was a 54-year-old male who had 2 inferior thyroid arteries on the left side, with one originating from the thyrocervical trunk and the other taking a rare anatomical origin from the CCA. CONCLUSION: It is important that such anatomical arterial patterns be documented in order to create awareness that is useful to surgeons and imaging specialists. This will help reduce the risk of iatrogenic complications during the surgical intervention to the thyroid gland.","PeriodicalId":38181,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44102522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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