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Economic socialization of entrepreneurship of rural territories to ensure the well-being of the population of Ukraine 农村地区企业的经济社会化,以确保乌克兰人民的福祉
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-002014
V. Radko, S. Nikitchenko, O. Havryk, Oleksandra Nikolaevych, Olena Bohdanova
The article considers the conditions for the sustainability of economic socialization of the entrepreneurship of rural areas of Ukraine. The main methods used in the study were clustering method, structural analysis, methods of economic evaluation of economic activity, financial condition of entrepreneurs taking into account in-dustry specifics and classification of business entities as large, medium and small enterprises. It is proved that the social mission of entrepreneurship of rural areas in the economic plane of estimates should be considered according to the concept of determining benefits and costs. The method of estimating the social price of pro-duction, which is a motivating factor for increasing wages in rural areas, is deter-mined. The trend of development of social and economic efficiency of enterprises in the formation of entrepreneurship of rural areas on average for one region of Ukraine and in the country as a whole is analyzed. It is proven that the realization of the entrepreneurship of rural areas within one region of Steppe, Forest-Steppe, Polissya and Western zones of Ukraine has a significant impact on people's well-being, quality and security of life, the amount of obligations to the subjects of in-terest and system of relations between entrepreneurs in agriculture.
文章探讨了乌克兰农村创业经济社会化可持续发展的条件。研究中使用的主要方法是聚类法、结构分析法、经济活动的经济评价方法、考虑行业特点的企业家财务状况以及企业实体的大、中、小企业分类。论证了农村创业的社会使命在经济估算层面应按照确定效益和成本的概念进行考虑。确定了社会生产价格的估算方法,这是农村地区工资增长的一个激励因素。分析了乌克兰一个地区和全国农村创业企业社会经济效率的平均发展趋势。事实证明,在乌克兰的草原、森林草原、波利西亚和西部地区的一个地区实现农村企业家精神对人民的福祉、生活质量和安全、对利益主体的义务数量以及农业企业家之间的关系制度产生了重大影响。
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引用次数: 1
Political socialization sustainability of students: A comparative analysis in a large city 大学生政治社会化可持续性:一个大城市的比较分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001011
Dauren Nessipkaliyev, Zauresh Nagaibayeva, Bayan Yesserkemissova, Galym Malik
The article addresses political socialization as a theoretical problem caused by the need for developing research and coordinating positions on key issues in this area. At the level of definitions of concepts related to the theory of political socializa-tion, shortcomings and contradictions in this field of scientific knowledge are re-vealed. Political socialization is a spontaneous process. However, this objective social pro-cess has its own content, mechanisms, results, sustainability and its own internal structure, orderliness, i.e. it completely falls under the concept of a system. Any state takes a set of actions that can keep the parameters of the system of po-litical socialization within certain limits, or in other words, carries out directed de-velopment. The article analyzes the directed part of the political socialization of the Kazakh youth. The main tools and mechanisms of political influence on young people, the process of forming political values, and the main agents of influence on the politi-cal consciousness of young students are identified.
本文将政治社会化作为一个理论问题来讨论,这是由于在这一领域的关键问题上需要发展研究和协调立场而引起的。在政治社会化理论相关概念的界定层面,揭示了这一科学知识领域的不足和矛盾。政治社会化是一个自发的过程。但是,这一客观的社会过程有其自身的内容、机制、结果和可持续性,有其自身的内在结构和秩序性,即完全属于系统的概念。任何国家都要采取一系列行动,使政治社会化系统的参数保持在一定的范围内,换句话说,进行有针对性的发展。本文分析了哈萨克青年政治社会化的导向部分。确定了政治影响年轻人的主要工具和机制,政治价值观形成的过程,以及影响青年学生政治意识的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Where is sustainability? An assessment of vending products 可持续性在哪里?对自动售货产品的评估
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001010
Alberto Bertossi, S. Troiano, F. Marangon
One way to make food sector more sustainable is to orient consumers towards di-ets that respect people, the planet, and society. According to recent research stud-ies, consumers have started to evaluate food products based on sustainable claims given on the packaging, but no study has focused on food products obtained through vending machines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse which types of sustainable claims, if any, food products sold at vending machines show on their packaging. A content analysis was performed to this end, focusing on four locations within a town in northeast Italy. The results obtained from the analysis of 171 food products highlighted that, in general, products sold at vending ma-chines heavily lack textual and graphical information on sustainability.
使食品行业更具可持续性的一种方法是引导消费者选择尊重人、地球和社会的饮食。根据最近的研究,消费者已经开始根据包装上的可持续声明来评估食品,但没有研究关注通过自动售货机获得的食品。因此,本研究的目的是分析在自动售货机出售的食品的包装上显示的是哪种类型的可持续声明(如果有的话)。为此进行了内容分析,重点是意大利东北部一个城镇内的四个地点。对171种食品的分析结果突出表明,一般来说,在自动售货机出售的产品严重缺乏关于可持续性的文字和图形资料。
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引用次数: 1
State policy of sustainable digitalization of Kazakhstan education in the experience of transformation during the pandemic period 大流行期间转型经验中的哈萨克斯坦教育可持续数字化国家政策
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001003
Yerkebulan Amantaev, M. Dyussembekova, Yelena Nechaeva, G. Baishan, Nurislam Issayev
The modern world cannot be imagined without the Internet and digital devices; sustainable digitalization is a global trend that covers all areas of life and is gaining momentum from year to year. The digitalization of the educational sphere in Ka-zakhstan began relatively recently, but the global pandemic and the associated transition to distance education have significantly accelerated the process of digi-tal transformation of the education system. The article provides an analysis of the problems that Kazakhstani education had to face in the transition to online learn-ing, and emergency measures taken by the state and the business environment to solve them. Based on the materials of in-depth interviews with experts in the edu-cational field, an analysis was made of the impact of the pandemic on the process of digital transformation of the educational sector and the prospects for the devel-opment of education in the changed conditions, and key areas for further improv-ing the quality of digital education were identified.
没有互联网和数字设备,现代世界是无法想象的;可持续数字化是一种覆盖生活各个领域的全球趋势,并且每年都在获得动力。哈萨克斯坦教育领域的数字化起步较晚,但全球大流行病和相关的向远程教育的过渡大大加快了教育系统数字化转型的进程。本文分析了哈萨克斯坦教育在向线上学习转型过程中所面临的问题,以及国家和商业环境为解决这些问题所采取的紧急措施。根据对教育领域专家的深度访谈资料,分析了疫情对教育部门数字化转型进程的影响以及变化条件下教育发展前景,确定了进一步提高数字教育质量的重点领域。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of the Caspian Sea in sustainability of the international competition for Central Asia 里海对中亚国际竞争可持续性的重要性
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001007
Abdalla Moh’d Dyab Al-Nouimat, Mubarak Ateeq Sultan Alafreet Alkuwaiti, Z. Zhengis
The fall of the former Soviet Union led to the disintegration of the republics and the formation of new republics on the international scene, especially those in Cen-tral Asia. This study aims at showing the advantages of the Caspian Sea in the Central Asian countries and the factors that contribute to its importance of sus-tainability in geographically and strategically plans. The methodology used in this study is qualitative, based on other studies, books, and articles. The results show that the Caspian Sea is targeted by many countries because of its great importance to Central Asian countries due to the number of natural resources and reserves therein, and the availability of natural gas and oil on its territory. On the other hand, the Caspian Region has much Geo-Strategic Importance point includes geopolitical significance because it is located at the in-tersection, which connected the Middle East, Central Asia, Europe, and the Cauca-sus, it is the only waterway for the new republics of Central Asia, also it is an im-portant source that provides food. however, all global small and big power has the objectives of controlling and exporting Caspian energy resources. Additionally, the Caspian Sea Region is useful for the united states plans to contain Iran or Russia and to diversify sources of gas and oil in order to limit the reliance on the Middle East. Although the "Aktau Summit" ended the dialectic of (the sea and the lake) and drew a new pattern of cooperation between the riparian states, it remains in front of two different paths. The first: is to encourage cooperation between the five countries, whether political or economic, and this is in light of the joint concern for the benefits resulting from cooperate. The second is the lack of benefit for this agreement in the basis and principle, and this may happen if the neighbouring countries disagree on the division of oil wealth among them, which is what many observers believe, in addition to the fact that the onslaughts on the extension of energy pipelines to Europe may push countries to Intensity in competition and from there the agreement may turn into a conflict that may cause a "cata-strophic" for the entire region. Hence, it can be said that the "Aktau Peak" may be a movement towards the front or just a move around. Just as the seriousness of the political equilibrium between the countries of the re-gion, its is extremely unfortunate to know that the "Aktau Summit" did not ad-dress the issue of protecting the vital environment of the Caspian Sea and its di-versity, and this serious issue has not received the necessary international attention so far.
前苏联的解体导致了各共和国的解体和新共和国在国际舞台上的形成,特别是在中亚的共和国。这项研究的目的是显示里海在中亚国家中的优势,以及在地理和战略计划中促进其可持续性重要性的因素。本研究使用的方法是定性的,以其他研究、书籍和文章为基础。结果表明,里海是许多国家的目标,因为它对中亚国家的重要性,因为它的自然资源和储量的数量,以及在其领土上的天然气和石油的可用性。另一方面,里海地区具有重要的地缘战略意义,因为它位于连接中东、中亚、欧洲和高加索地区的十字路口,是中亚新共和国的唯一水道,也是重要的粮食来源。然而,全球大小大国都有控制和出口里海能源的目标。此外,里海地区对美国遏制伊朗或俄罗斯的计划以及使天然气和石油来源多样化以限制对中东的依赖是有用的。“阿克套峰会”虽然结束了(海与湖)的辩证法,描绘了沿岸国合作的新格局,但它仍然站在两条不同的道路面前。第一,鼓励五国开展政治和经济合作,这是基于对合作成果的共同关切。第二个是缺乏对这个协议的基础和原则,这可能发生,如果周边国家石油财富的划分上存在分歧,这是许多观察人士认为,除了这一事实又对欧洲能源管道的扩展可能推动国家在竞争强度,从那里的协议可能会变成一个冲突,可能会导致整个地区的“cata-strophic”。因此,可以说,“阿克头峰”可能是向前方移动,也可能只是移动。正如该区域各国之间政治平衡的严重性一样,极为不幸的是,“阿克套首脑会议”没有处理保护里海至关重要的环境及其多样性的问题,这一严重问题迄今没有得到必要的国际注意。
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引用次数: 0
International legal cooperation of countries in ensuring the human rights to adequate food 各国在保障充足食物权方面的国际法律合作
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001009
Akdana Yernarkyzy Abdiraiymova, Yerbol Musinovich Abaideldinov, Bahyt Zhussipova Akylbayevna
This article discusses issues concerning international legal regulation of coopera-tion of states in resolving the problems related to ensuring the human rights to ad-equate food and food security in general, including in the context of a pandemic that has had a significant impact on the development of the world's economy. The work studies: the development of international legal regulation of partnership in the field of food security, the goals and authority of Food and Agriculture Organi-zation (FAO), the conditions of the food market and the world's economy. The study examines the right of everyone to access safe and healthy food, in accord-ance with the right to for adequate food and the basic right of everyone to be free from hunger. It is noted that the world food security system covers: the creation of national food supplies coordinated on the international level; provision of food aid to countries in need, organization of an early warning system on food shortage; an increase of the share of developing countries in international trade of agriculture products. One of the factors of the establishment of intranational food security is food sup-port to developing states. The article considers various principles like roman princi-ples of sustainable global food security; a comprehensive approach to food securi-ty; strategic coordinative cooperation; the principle of supporting national, region-al and international programs; close interaction with international organizations and principle of maintaining of assumed financial obligations. It is noted that the lack of positive results in a process of resolving issues concern-ing food supply requires improvement of the effectiveness of multilateral man-agement system dealing with ensuring world's food security, through the unifica-tion and coordination of efforts of states, international organizations, and other interested parties at local and global levels. A similar policy is proposed to be considered in complex with global and regional issues, including negotiations on the creation of a fair international trade regime, which will positively affect the strengthening of national food security potential of developing countries and improve the effectiveness of international food assis-tance programs. Such policy is proposed to be reflected and specified in agriculture doctrines of national and regional levels.
本文讨论了有关各国合作解决与确保获得充足粮食的人权和一般粮食安全有关的问题的国际法律规制问题,包括在一场对世界经济发展产生重大影响的大流行病的背景下。工作研究:粮食安全领域伙伴关系的国际法律规章的发展、粮食及农业组织(粮农组织)的目标和权威、粮食市场和世界经济的情况。根据获得充足食物的权利和人人免于饥饿的基本权利,该研究审查了人人获得安全和健康食物的权利。应当指出,世界粮食安全制度包括:建立在国际一级协调的国家粮食供应;向有需要的国家提供粮食援助,组织粮食短缺预警系统;发展中国家在国际农产品贸易中的份额增加。建立国际内粮食安全的因素之一是对发展中国家的粮食支持。文章考虑了各种原则,如可持续全球粮食安全的罗马原则;全面解决粮食安全问题;战略协同合作;支持国家、区域和国际项目的原则;与国际组织的密切互动和维持承担的财政义务的原则。注意到解决粮食供应问题的进程缺乏积极成果,需要通过各国、国际组织和其他有关方面在地方和全球各级的统一和协调努力,提高确保世界粮食安全的多边管理体系的有效性。建议将类似的政策与全球和地区问题结合起来考虑,包括建立公平的国际贸易体制的谈判,这将对加强发展中国家的国家粮食安全潜力和提高国际粮食援助计划的有效性产生积极影响。建议在国家和区域各级的农业理论中反映和具体说明这一政策。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the factor "manufacturability" on the economic structure of the innovation process of an industrial enterprise in the context of sustainable development 可持续发展背景下工业企业创新过程中“可制造性”因素对经济结构的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001012
Svetlana L. Lozhkina, Alexander A. Novikov, Elena V. Novikova, Iliya E. Yanov, Natalia A. Gurevich
The introduction of innovations acts as a means of ensuring sustainable develop-ment both at the state and regional level, and at the level of individual enterprises. The effectiveness of the last level is due not only to the innovative activity of the company's management and personnel. According to the authors, in this case, the structure of the economic process of innovative development of industrial enter-prises is significantly influenced by other factors, the role and significance of which require specification, taking into account the industry specifics of economic enti-ties. The article analyzes the economic structure of the innovation process of Rus-sian manufacturing enterprises. The decomposition method determines the indica-tors of market and technological novelty, as well as the scale of diffusion of inno-vative products. A detailed analysis of the innovative activity of Russian industrial enterprises is carried out, depending on the degree of manufacturability of the type of economic activity. For this purpose, the types of economic activities of enter-prises are grouped into separate aggregates that correspond to a certain degree of manufacturability, determined according to the international classification used by the OECD. The manufacturing sector is investigated in the form of industries attributed to one of four meso-groups: high-tech, medium-high-tech, medium-low-tech and low-tech activities. For each of them, its representative is allocated (one of the types of economic activity), the dynamic characteristics of innovation ac-tivity of which differ significantly from the characteristics of the group as a whole. The proposed approach allows us to study the dynamics of development and de-termine the main stages of the innovation process in the types of activities of manufacturing industries of various degrees of manufacturability. It was found that the highest innovative activity is characteristic of high-tech Russian enterpris-es. A decrease in the degree of manufacturability of production has a negative im-pact on the innovative activity of meso-groups in general. The exception is the class of low-tech industries. The innovative activity of the group of enterprises of low-tech industries is much higher than the activity of medium-high-tech indus-tries.
引进创新是确保在国家和区域一级以及个别企业一级实现可持续发展的一种手段。最后一个层次的有效性不仅归功于公司管理层和人员的创新活动。作者认为,在这种情况下,工业企业创新发展的经济过程结构受到其他因素的显著影响,这些因素的作用和意义需要在考虑到经济实体的行业特殊性的情况下加以规范。本文分析了俄罗斯制造业企业创新过程的经济结构。分解方法确定了市场和技术新颖性指标,以及创新产品的扩散规模。根据经济活动类型的可制造性程度,对俄罗斯工业企业的创新活动进行了详细分析。为此目的,根据经合组织使用的国际分类,将企业的经济活动类型分为与一定程度的可制造性相对应的单独的总量。对制造业部门进行调查的形式是属于四个中间类别之一的工业:高技术、中等高技术、中等低技术和低技术活动。对于每一个群体,它的代表都被分配(一种经济活动类型),创新活动的动态特征与整个群体的特征有很大的不同。所提出的方法使我们能够研究发展的动态,并确定不同制造程度的制造业活动类型中创新过程的主要阶段。研究发现,创新活动最高的是俄罗斯高科技企业。一般来说,产品可制造性程度的降低对中介群体的创新活动有负面影响。唯一的例外是低科技产业。低技术产业企业群的创新活动远高于中等技术产业企业群的创新活动。
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引用次数: 0
Development of tourism services in the framework of sustainable development after the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情后可持续发展框架下的旅游服务业发展
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001002
L. Zharova, N. Raksha, A. Spitsyna, O. Karolop, T. Mirzodaieva
The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world economy hard by having reached eve-ry industry. The travel and tourism industries have been sufficiently affected by partial and total lockdowns around the world. There must be new ways to stabilize the situation that presuppose exit from the recession and recovery of the sector. In the framework of this study, it was argued that another basis for the development of tourism and hospitality is sustainable development. The aim of the research paper is to reconsider the industry in the direction of sustainability which is sub-stantiated in connection with nature conservation, reassessment of the socio-cultural environment, and the benefits of active participation in the economy and local development. The emphasis of the study is placed on the need for a solution that is primary - rethinking or rapid recovery. It has been underlined that sustain-able tourism should have a positive impact by improving the livelihoods of local communities. The most important aspect is the employment of locals in the tour-ism business. It is important to ensure their financial security, especially during the difficult periods in tourism caused by the pandemic. Sustainable tourism is finan-cially profitable for all interested parties.
新冠肺炎疫情波及各行各业,给世界经济带来了沉重打击。世界各地的部分和全面封锁对旅游业造成了充分影响。必须有新的方法来稳定局势,前提是经济走出衰退,金融业开始复苏。在本研究的框架内,有人认为旅游业和酒店业发展的另一个基础是可持续发展。该研究论文的目的是重新考虑该行业的可持续发展方向,这与自然保护、社会文化环境的重新评估以及积极参与经济和地方发展的好处有关。研究的重点是需要一个首要的解决方案-重新思考或快速恢复。会议强调,可持续旅游应通过改善当地社区的生计产生积极影响。最重要的方面是当地人在旅游业的就业。重要的是要确保他们的财政安全,特别是在疫情造成的旅游业困难时期。可持续旅游对所有相关方都有经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
Financial sustainability of commercial banks on the basis of strategic management accounting 基于战略管理会计的商业银行财务可持续性研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001008
Tazhibaev Serik, Tanatova Saltanat, D. Galymzhan, Tazhibaeva Zhanar
This article discusses the tasks of improving the efficiency of ongoing transfor-mations in the economy of Kazakhstan to ensure the financial stability of com-mercial banks, the reliability of the functioning of financial resources, based on the improvement of strategic management accounting. If you look into the theory and essence of the concept of "sustainability", then this means - transformation. At the present stage of scientific development, "transformation" needs new con-cepts to characterize the socio-economic processes of society, to describe radical structural changes, the transition of society to a qualitatively new level of organi-zation, which is especially characteristic of the transformations that are taking place in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
本文讨论了提高哈萨克斯坦经济转型效率的任务,以确保商业银行的金融稳定,金融资源运作的可靠性,基于改进战略管理会计。如果你深入研究“可持续性”概念的理论和本质,那么这意味着——转型。在目前的科学发展阶段,“转型”需要新的概念来描述社会的社会经济进程,描述激进的结构变化,社会向新的组织质量水平的过渡,这是哈萨克斯坦共和国正在发生的转型的特别特点。
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引用次数: 0
Personal data protection in Kazakhstan and the EU: Comparative-legal analysis 哈萨克斯坦和欧盟的个人数据保护:比较法律分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3280/riss2022-001005
Yernar Ye. Yerbolatov, Serik K. Zhetpisov, Aleksey V. Boretsky, Gulnar A. Alibayeva, Yuriy Yu. Kolesnikov
The rapid development of information technology, which penetrates all spheres of public life, has contributed to the emergence of new legal relations regarding per-sonal information protection. In the conditions of the information society for-mation, the right to inviolability of person's private life acquires a special value. The purpose of the study is to analyze the issues of the personal data protection legal regulation in foreign countries and to develop scientifically based proposals for the improvement and systematization of the regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ensuring personal data confidentiality. The methodological basis of the research constitutes general scientific methods (in particular, philosophical, dialectical, synergetic, inductive, deductive, analysis, synthesis, formalization, analogy, materialistic and empirical methods) in order to ensure the integrity and balance of the research. The legislation of the CIS member states in the field of personal data is not developing as dynamically as in Europe-an countries. The regulatory provisions analysis showed that in the Republic of Kazakhstan a number of aspects stipulated by European legislation are not ap-plied. Nowadays, in the legal regulation of the personal data circulation and pro-tection, various problems need resolving in order to guarantee the right to the citi-zens' personal data protection. Improving and amending the legislation of the Re-public of Kazakhstan in the field of personal data should place it on the leading states level.
信息技术的迅速发展渗透到公共生活的各个领域,促进了有关个人信息保护的新法律关系的出现。在信息社会条件下,个人私生活不可侵犯权具有特殊的价值。本研究的目的是分析国外个人数据保护法律监管的问题,并为哈萨克斯坦共和国监管框架的改进和系统化提出科学建议,确保个人数据的保密性。研究的方法论基础包括一般的科学方法(特别是哲学方法、辩证方法、协同方法、归纳方法、演绎方法、分析方法、综合方法、形式化方法、类比方法、唯物方法和经验方法),以保证研究的完整性和平衡性。独联体成员国在个人数据领域的立法并不像欧洲国家那样动态发展。管制条款分析表明,在哈萨克斯坦共和国,欧洲立法规定的一些方面没有得到适用。当前,在个人数据流通与保护的法律规制中,需要解决各种问题,以保障公民个人数据的保护权利。完善和修改哈萨克斯坦共和国在个人数据领域的立法应使其处于领先国家水平。
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引用次数: 0
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