This article offers a contribution to theorizing the Karta Polaka, a kin-state law addressing the Polish diaspora in the successor states of the USSR, in the context of the Europeanization of Poland’s borders with Ukraine and Belarus. Building on the observation that the modern state includes individuals according to an ideal model based on a congruency of the categories “citizenship”, “territory” and “nation”, it is argued that kin-state laws, by addressing non-resident non-citizens of national belonging, not only diverge from the ideal inclusion but also redraw the very boundaries of these categories. Building on a qualitative analysis of the Act on the Karta Polaka, accompanying documents and the minutes of parliamentary (committee) sessions concerned with the draft act, this article traces the discursive processes that redraw the boundaries of these categories. Employing the concept of De-/Rebordering, this article shows how the categories of Polish citizenship, territory and nation are redefined and how the inclusion of non-resident non-citizens by the Polish state is legitimated.
{"title":"Theorizing the Karta Polaka: Debordering and Rebordering the Limits of Citizenship, Territory and Nation in the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood","authors":"Bastian Sendhardt","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4348","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a contribution to theorizing the Karta Polaka, a kin-state law addressing the Polish diaspora in the successor states of the USSR, in the context of the Europeanization of Poland’s borders with Ukraine and Belarus. Building on the observation that the modern state includes individuals according to an ideal model based on a congruency of the categories “citizenship”, “territory” and “nation”, it is argued that kin-state laws, by addressing non-resident non-citizens of national belonging, not only diverge from the ideal inclusion but also redraw the very boundaries of these categories. Building on a qualitative analysis of the Act on the Karta Polaka, accompanying documents and the minutes of parliamentary (committee) sessions concerned with the draft act, this article traces the discursive processes that redraw the boundaries of these categories. Employing the concept of De-/Rebordering, this article shows how the categories of Polish citizenship, territory and nation are redefined and how the inclusion of non-resident non-citizens by the Polish state is legitimated.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127161807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the tension between female soldiers’ military duties and sex/romance in the ranks of the Red Army. Drawing on terminology used during the war, the author posits “girls” and “women” as two models of behavior – the former emphasizing soldierly duties, the later the realization of civilian norms. Female soldiers were placed in a highly ambiguous situation, in which the Komsomol, which had recruited large numbers of “girls” into the army, promoted sexual abstinence and feminine culturedness, while the Party and Army acquiesced to the desire of commanders to take lovers from among their subordinates. The article ends with a discussion of pregnancy and its implications.
{"title":"“Girls” and “Women”. Love, Sex, Duty and Sexual Harassment in the Ranks of the Red Army 1941-1945","authors":"B. Schechter","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4202","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the tension between female soldiers’ military duties and sex/romance in the ranks of the Red Army. Drawing on terminology used during the war, the author posits “girls” and “women” as two models of behavior – the former emphasizing soldierly duties, the later the realization of civilian norms. Female soldiers were placed in a highly ambiguous situation, in which the Komsomol, which had recruited large numbers of “girls” into the army, promoted sexual abstinence and feminine culturedness, while the Party and Army acquiesced to the desire of commanders to take lovers from among their subordinates. The article ends with a discussion of pregnancy and its implications.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129074624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The workshop organized by Brian Sandberg, University of Northern Illinois and IEA resident in Paris and by Marion Trevisi, University of Picardie at the Paris Institute for Advanced Study (IEA) ment to challenge the notion that warfare is an intrinsically masculine domain. Although warfare has often been conceived of as an essentially masculine sphere of human activity, recent studies reveal that women have been much more intimately involved in military activities in the past. Women’s historians have examined emergence of female soldiers in modern armies, demonstrating the important roles that women played in combat, in army hospitals, in military logistical services, and on the home front etc. French and foreign researchers gathered to discuss and confront gender and war and reexamin gendered categories such as women in war, disciplined bodies, combat and gender, masculine honor, campaign communities, military masculinities, wartime labor, aggression and emotions, sexual culture, sexual violence, military prostitution, mass rape, and broken bodies.
该研讨会由北伊利诺伊大学(University of Northern Illinois)驻巴黎国际能源署(IEA)的Brian Sandberg和巴黎高等研究所(IEA)皮卡迪大学(University of Picardie)的Marion Trevisi组织，旨在挑战战争本质上是男性领域的观念。虽然战争通常被认为是人类活动的主要男性领域，但最近的研究表明，妇女在过去更密切地参与军事活动。妇女历史学家研究了现代军队中女兵的出现，证明了妇女在战斗、军队医院、军事后勤服务和后方等方面发挥的重要作用。法国和外国的研究人员聚集在一起，讨论和面对性别和战争，并重新审视性别分类，如战争中的女性，纪律机构，战斗和性别，男性荣誉，战役社区，军事男子气概，战时劳动，侵略和情绪，性文化，性暴力，军队卖淫，大规模强奸，破碎的身体。
{"title":"Compte-rendu de la Journée d'étude « Le genre et la guerre : les femmes, la virilité et la violence ». 8 juin 2015, Hôtel de Lauzin, Institut d'Etudes Avancées de Paris","authors":"Élisabeth Sieca-Kozlowski","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4174","url":null,"abstract":"The workshop organized by Brian Sandberg, University of Northern Illinois and IEA resident in Paris and by Marion Trevisi, University of Picardie at the Paris Institute for Advanced Study (IEA) ment to challenge the notion that warfare is an intrinsically masculine domain. Although warfare has often been conceived of as an essentially masculine sphere of human activity, recent studies reveal that women have been much more intimately involved in military activities in the past. Women’s historians have examined emergence of female soldiers in modern armies, demonstrating the important roles that women played in combat, in army hospitals, in military logistical services, and on the home front etc. French and foreign researchers gathered to discuss and confront gender and war and reexamin gendered categories such as women in war, disciplined bodies, combat and gender, masculine honor, campaign communities, military masculinities, wartime labor, aggression and emotions, sexual culture, sexual violence, military prostitution, mass rape, and broken bodies.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In both Soviet and post-Soviet Tajikistan, representations of armed women are a key propaganda topic for the regime, as it allows the production and imposition of gender roles, including norms of femininity. This article analyses the representations of armed women presented in both the state press and state-funded research in Soviet and post-Soviet Tajikistan. The analysis reveals the making of the Soviet periphery and questions the continuities and ruptures between Soviet and post-Soviet regimes. Part one analyses how Tajikistani armed women were represented in the collective memories of the Great Patriotic War, revealing gender hierarchies and hierarchies between Soviet centre and periphery. In the second part of the article, I analyse how representations of armed women changed in the post-Soviet regime. In the post-conflict context, women are mainly celebrated by the nationalist state for their peaceful attitude and “pure” behaviour. Whilst Tajikistani women are encouraged to join the police forces by the government, the state press dedicated to women promotes a double burden for women: to be a woman in uniform and to be a mother.
{"title":"Representations of Armed Women in Soviet and Post-Soviet Tajikistan: Describing and Restricting Women’s Agency","authors":"Lucia Direnberger","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4249","url":null,"abstract":"In both Soviet and post-Soviet Tajikistan, representations of armed women are a key propaganda topic for the regime, as it allows the production and imposition of gender roles, including norms of femininity. This article analyses the representations of armed women presented in both the state press and state-funded research in Soviet and post-Soviet Tajikistan. The analysis reveals the making of the Soviet periphery and questions the continuities and ruptures between Soviet and post-Soviet regimes. Part one analyses how Tajikistani armed women were represented in the collective memories of the Great Patriotic War, revealing gender hierarchies and hierarchies between Soviet centre and periphery. In the second part of the article, I analyse how representations of armed women changed in the post-Soviet regime. In the post-conflict context, women are mainly celebrated by the nationalist state for their peaceful attitude and “pure” behaviour. Whilst Tajikistani women are encouraged to join the police forces by the government, the state press dedicated to women promotes a double burden for women: to be a woman in uniform and to be a mother.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125685307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Botchkareva (1889-1920) – popularly known as Yashka – was the founder during the First World War of the first female battalion in the history of the Russian Army. Over the course of the war, she recorded her tremendous history in a diary full of impressions, reflections, and details of everyday life. The French edition features a rich introduction by Stephane Audoin-Rouzeau and Nicolas Werth, specialists highly regarded for their work on the First World War and the violence of the Sov...
{"title":"Maria Botchkareva, Yashka: Journal d’une femme combattante, Russie 1914–1917 . Paris, Armand Colin, 2012, 301 pages","authors":"C. Drieu","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4217","url":null,"abstract":"Maria Botchkareva (1889-1920) – popularly known as Yashka – was the founder during the First World War of the first female battalion in the history of the Russian Army. Over the course of the war, she recorded her tremendous history in a diary full of impressions, reflections, and details of everyday life. The French edition features a rich introduction by Stephane Audoin-Rouzeau and Nicolas Werth, specialists highly regarded for their work on the First World War and the violence of the Sov...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This interview with Elmira Alexandri Aghaian was conducted in Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh, in May 2001, by Nona Shahnazarian, Institute of Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan and Independent Social Research Center, St. Petersburg. The two interviews were conducted at different times (8th and 26th of May 2001, Stepanakert) during an 8-month fieldwork of participant observation in 2000-2001 in Nagorno-Karabakh. “Freedom is a way of life” – reads a phrase from a documentary on E...
2001年5月，埃里温国家科学院民族志研究所和圣彼得堡独立社会研究中心的Nona Shahnazarian在纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的Stepanakert对Elmira Alexandri Aghaian进行了采访。这两次访谈是在2000-2001年为期8个月的纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫参与性实地考察期间的不同时间(2001年5月8日和26日，斯捷潘纳克特)进行的。“自由是一种生活方式”——E…
{"title":"\"War is Not Just For Men\": Interview With E. Aghaian, Nagorno-Karabakh, 2001","authors":"Nona Shahnazarian","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4235","url":null,"abstract":"This interview with Elmira Alexandri Aghaian was conducted in Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh, in May 2001, by Nona Shahnazarian, Institute of Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan and Independent Social Research Center, St. Petersburg. The two interviews were conducted at different times (8th and 26th of May 2001, Stepanakert) during an 8-month fieldwork of participant observation in 2000-2001 in Nagorno-Karabakh. “Freedom is a way of life” – reads a phrase from a documentary on E...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128391167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why have the hopes for comity between Russia and the West in the post-Cold War period so signally failed to be realized? What rights does Russia claim vis-a-vis Western partners, both in the post-Soviet region and in the world? In particular, what norms have emerged, or failed to emerge, from the dialogue between these two sides regarding international law justifications for military intervention? Roy Allison’s major study helps answer all these questions. Allison offers a highly detailed and...
{"title":"Roy Allison, Russia, the West, and Military Intervention. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, 308 pages","authors":"Matthew Light","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4180","url":null,"abstract":"Why have the hopes for comity between Russia and the West in the post-Cold War period so signally failed to be realized? What rights does Russia claim vis-a-vis Western partners, both in the post-Soviet region and in the world? In particular, what norms have emerged, or failed to emerge, from the dialogue between these two sides regarding international law justifications for military intervention? Roy Allison’s major study helps answer all these questions. Allison offers a highly detailed and...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"23 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114030380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the beginning of the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, both sides have claimed that enemy women snipers have been arrested. These claims echo strangely what happened in Chechnya – where rumours about women snipers fighting against Russian troops loomed large and served as a justification for violence against women. This research note seeks to explore the different aspects of this legend in Eastern Ukraine, and reviews the differences and parallels that can be drawn with Chechnya.
{"title":"Falsehood in the War in Ukraine: the Legend of Women Snipers","authors":"A. Regamey","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4222","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine, both sides have claimed that enemy women snipers have been arrested. These claims echo strangely what happened in Chechnya – where rumours about women snipers fighting against Russian troops loomed large and served as a justification for violence against women. This research note seeks to explore the different aspects of this legend in Eastern Ukraine, and reviews the differences and parallels that can be drawn with Chechnya.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114736936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are few women in the contemporary Russian Army, especially in comparison with other countries of the world. While patriarchal stereotypes may create an obstacle for women who want to serve in the armed forces, there are still a significant number of women in Russia who are motivated by service in the army. What attracts them to this profession? How do they see their professional and personal realization in the armed forces? Based on several interviews, this research note attempts to identify some of the interviewees'motivations: the search for family and economic stability, ideological motivations and work conditions. It also analyses the different kinds of gender identity that women create for themselves in the army.
{"title":"Servir ou combattre : que les femmes cherchent-elles dans l'armée russe ?","authors":"Elena Lysak","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4187","url":null,"abstract":"There are few women in the contemporary Russian Army, especially in comparison with other countries of the world. While patriarchal stereotypes may create an obstacle for women who want to serve in the armed forces, there are still a significant number of women in Russia who are motivated by service in the army. What attracts them to this profession? How do they see their professional and personal realization in the armed forces? Based on several interviews, this research note attempts to identify some of the interviewees'motivations: the search for family and economic stability, ideological motivations and work conditions. It also analyses the different kinds of gender identity that women create for themselves in the army.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127286069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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