Aleksandr Astashov’s monograph is, by a wide margin, the most comprehensive and best book ever written on the experience of Russian soldiers during the Great War. In four extensive chapters, “The narod goes to war,” “The human being in the face of war,” “Problems of organizing fighting on the Russian front,” and “The birth of the citizen-soldier,” he provides a richly researched and intelligently argued social history of the millions of men who served in Russian uniform from 1914 through 1917...
{"title":"Aleksandr Borisovich Astashov, Russkii front v 1914 – nachale 1917 goda: voennyi opyt i sovremennost’ [The Russian Front from 1914 to the Beginning of 1917: Military Experience and Modernity]. Moskva, Novyi khronograf, 2014, 737 pages","authors":"Joshua A. Sanborn","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4141","url":null,"abstract":"Aleksandr Astashov’s monograph is, by a wide margin, the most comprehensive and best book ever written on the experience of Russian soldiers during the Great War. In four extensive chapters, “The narod goes to war,” “The human being in the face of war,” “Problems of organizing fighting on the Russian front,” and “The birth of the citizen-soldier,” he provides a richly researched and intelligently argued social history of the millions of men who served in Russian uniform from 1914 through 1917...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126462309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why do some campaigns against the mafia succeed, whereas others fail? What makes it possible to defeat a mafia? Governments all over the world, from the United States to Latin America to Italy, have been wrestling with these questions for years. Now Gavin Slade has addressed them in an elegant case study of post-Soviet Georgia. Integrating both state policies and mafia characteristics into a coherent theory of mafia survival and collapse, Reorganizing Crime should engage both post-Soviet rese...
{"title":"Gavin Slade, Reorganizing crime: Mafia and anti-Mafia in post-Soviet Georgia. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, xiii, 217 pages","authors":"Matthew Light","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4135","url":null,"abstract":"Why do some campaigns against the mafia succeed, whereas others fail? What makes it possible to defeat a mafia? Governments all over the world, from the United States to Latin America to Italy, have been wrestling with these questions for years. Now Gavin Slade has addressed them in an elegant case study of post-Soviet Georgia. Integrating both state policies and mafia characteristics into a coherent theory of mafia survival and collapse, Reorganizing Crime should engage both post-Soviet rese...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121596127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article dedicated to the study of women’s behaviour in times of war is based on several interviews with “Satenik”, a woman who served as a senior lieutenant and head of a medical battalion during the war in Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The article explores the social trajectory and the reasons that led her to go to the front; it reflects on the difficulties faced by a woman at the front, the relations to her fellow soldiers and the consequences of her confrontation to violence; it shows somehow paradoxically that it was easier for here to find her place at the front, when social norms were temporarily lifted, than after the war. The articles concludes with a reflection on gender and national identity through the experience of those rare women who deviated from generally accepted gender roles.
{"title":"A Good Soldier and a Good Mother: New Conditions and New Roles in the Nagorno-Karabakh War","authors":"Nona Shahnazarian","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4241","url":null,"abstract":"This article dedicated to the study of women’s behaviour in times of war is based on several interviews with “Satenik”, a woman who served as a senior lieutenant and head of a medical battalion during the war in Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The article explores the social trajectory and the reasons that led her to go to the front; it reflects on the difficulties faced by a woman at the front, the relations to her fellow soldiers and the consequences of her confrontation to violence; it shows somehow paradoxically that it was easier for here to find her place at the front, when social norms were temporarily lifted, than after the war. The articles concludes with a reflection on gender and national identity through the experience of those rare women who deviated from generally accepted gender roles.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128360962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After The Wolves of Islam, which dealt with Chechen insurgency and terrorism, Paul J. Murphy's new book examines the different aspects of Chechen women's experiences in the two wars that have devastated the country since 1994. Murphy, a former senior US counterterrorism official, asserts a balanced position, seeking to understand to what extent Chechen women have suffered from violence, but also how and under what conditions they have themselves exercised violence, including suicide bombings....
继《伊斯兰之狼》(The Wolves of Islam)讲述车臣叛乱和恐怖主义之后，保罗·j·墨菲(Paul J. Murphy)的新书检视了车臣妇女在两场战争中的不同经历，这两场战争自1994年以来摧毁了这个国家。美国前高级反恐官员墨菲坚持一种平衡的立场，试图了解车臣妇女遭受暴力的程度，以及她们自己如何以及在什么条件下实施暴力，包括自杀式爆炸....
{"title":"Paul J. Murphy, Allah's Angels: Chechen Women in War . Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2010, 294 pages","authors":"A. Regamey","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4058","url":null,"abstract":"After The Wolves of Islam, which dealt with Chechen insurgency and terrorism, Paul J. Murphy's new book examines the different aspects of Chechen women's experiences in the two wars that have devastated the country since 1994. Murphy, a former senior US counterterrorism official, asserts a balanced position, seeking to understand to what extent Chechen women have suffered from violence, but also how and under what conditions they have themselves exercised violence, including suicide bombings....","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131511261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Female terrorism played a decisive role in the making of modern terrorism in the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. Vera Zasulich pulled the trigger on Russian terrorism by shooting at the General governor Fedor Trepov in 1878 and Sofia Perovskaia was the mastermind behind the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, on the 1st of March 1881. This article explores how tsarist authorities and radicals were trying to make sense of the seemingly paradox of violent women. Both were stripping the violent deeds of women of their political content. Moreover the Perovskaia case can show how both sides were using the same set of gender ideals in order to either condemn or to worship the female terrorist.
{"title":"The Perovskaia Paradox or the Scandal of Female Terrorism in Nineteenth Century Russia","authors":"Anke Hilbrenner","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4169","url":null,"abstract":"Female terrorism played a decisive role in the making of modern terrorism in the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. Vera Zasulich pulled the trigger on Russian terrorism by shooting at the General governor Fedor Trepov in 1878 and Sofia Perovskaia was the mastermind behind the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, on the 1st of March 1881. This article explores how tsarist authorities and radicals were trying to make sense of the seemingly paradox of violent women. Both were stripping the violent deeds of women of their political content. Moreover the Perovskaia case can show how both sides were using the same set of gender ideals in order to either condemn or to worship the female terrorist.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photographs that open this PIPSS issue are from two sources. On the left are two photographs of Liudmilla Pavlichenko, a sniper from Soviet Ukraine who fought in Odessa and Sebastopol in 1941-1942. She is credited with 309 kills, the highest score ever for a woman sniper, and was made Hero of the Soviet Union in 1943. After having toured the United States in 1942 to advocate for the opening of a second front, she became a military historian and was very active in Soviet veterans’ and wome...
{"title":"Introduction by Amandine Regamey and Brandon M. Schechter (17th Issue Editors)","authors":"A. Regamey, B. Schechter","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4256","url":null,"abstract":"The photographs that open this PIPSS issue are from two sources. On the left are two photographs of Liudmilla Pavlichenko, a sniper from Soviet Ukraine who fought in Odessa and Sebastopol in 1941-1942. She is credited with 309 kills, the highest score ever for a woman sniper, and was made Hero of the Soviet Union in 1943. After having toured the United States in 1942 to advocate for the opening of a second front, she became a military historian and was very active in Soviet veterans’ and wome...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126639185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is an introduction to the “intimate history” of the OUN and UPA, which has not yet received much attention from academics and researchers – partly due to a lack of sources. This attempt to articulate the problem of sexuality within the gender relations system of the Ukrainian liberation movement shows the gap between the official discourse and the everyday practices of underground members and insurgents. It tackles the issue of sexuality as a “national capital” and examines the attitude of the Ukrainian nationalists to the female body as a symbol of nation. It shows the double standard of sexual morality within OUN and UPA and underlines their different manifestations (unequal sanctions for women and men, sexual harassment of women by UPA commanders and OUN leaders). These sexual norms, military culture and hegemonic masculinity resulted in extreme sexual violence in the OUN and UPA upon those women whom they considered as their “own” (members of the underground and civilians) as well as against “others”. Finally, it presents how specific conditions in the Ukrainian underground encouraged sexual intercourse outside of marriage and how adultery (another form of “illegitimate” sexual relations) acquired a half, implicit legitimation.
{"title":"Illegitimate sexual practices in the OUN underground and UPA in Western Ukraine in the 1940s and 1950s","authors":"Marta Havryshko","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4214","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an introduction to the “intimate history” of the OUN and UPA, which has not yet received much attention from academics and researchers – partly due to a lack of sources. This attempt to articulate the problem of sexuality within the gender relations system of the Ukrainian liberation movement shows the gap between the official discourse and the everyday practices of underground members and insurgents. It tackles the issue of sexuality as a “national capital” and examines the attitude of the Ukrainian nationalists to the female body as a symbol of nation. It shows the double standard of sexual morality within OUN and UPA and underlines their different manifestations (unequal sanctions for women and men, sexual harassment of women by UPA commanders and OUN leaders). These sexual norms, military culture and hegemonic masculinity resulted in extreme sexual violence in the OUN and UPA upon those women whom they considered as their “own” (members of the underground and civilians) as well as against “others”. Finally, it presents how specific conditions in the Ukrainian underground encouraged sexual intercourse outside of marriage and how adultery (another form of “illegitimate” sexual relations) acquired a half, implicit legitimation.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129457925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research note based on an anthropological fieldwork retraces the life of Mamura, an Uzbek woman who became a hero among her peers, Afghan war veterans. Born in the 1960s in Southern Uzbekistan, into the Muslim faith, Mamura was a Komsomol and volunteered for Afghanistan, where she served in particular as an army censor. She became a legend, albeit not for her military deeds, but thanks to her love story with a Russian officer. Mamura’s story casts a special light on several aspects of Uzbek history and society: gender and family relations, the place of Uzbek soldiers among Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan, but also the situation of Afghan war veterans in Uzbekistan.
{"title":"A Muslim Woman Officer in the Soviet Army During the Soviet-Afghan War. A Soviet “Anti-Hero”","authors":"A. Ducloux","doi":"10.4000/PIPSS.4157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/PIPSS.4157","url":null,"abstract":"This research note based on an anthropological fieldwork retraces the life of Mamura, an Uzbek woman who became a hero among her peers, Afghan war veterans. Born in the 1960s in Southern Uzbekistan, into the Muslim faith, Mamura was a Komsomol and volunteered for Afghanistan, where she served in particular as an army censor. She became a legend, albeit not for her military deeds, but thanks to her love story with a Russian officer. Mamura’s story casts a special light on several aspects of Uzbek history and society: gender and family relations, the place of Uzbek soldiers among Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan, but also the situation of Afghan war veterans in Uzbekistan.","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131102099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Dokumenty svidetelstvuiut" ("the documents bear witness“, p. 3) – with these words editor Nina Petrova begins one of the first paragraphs in the introduction. In accordance with this credo she formulates the aim for this source book with 288 very different documents on and by Soviet women who lived through the period of the “Great Patriotic War” 1941-1945: to save the “image of the Soviet woman, the patriot, the warrior, the toiler, and the soldier’s mother in the people’s memory forever” (p...
{"title":"Nina Konstantinovna Petrova (Ed.), Zhenshchiny Velikoi Otechestvennoi Voiny [Women of the Great Patriotic War]. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial'no-politicheskoi istorii, Institut rossiiskoi istorii RAN, Moskva, Beche, 2014, 692 pages","authors":"K. Bischl","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4147","url":null,"abstract":"\"Dokumenty svidetelstvuiut\" (\"the documents bear witness“, p. 3) – with these words editor Nina Petrova begins one of the first paragraphs in the introduction. In accordance with this credo she formulates the aim for this source book with 288 very different documents on and by Soviet women who lived through the period of the “Great Patriotic War” 1941-1945: to save the “image of the Soviet woman, the patriot, the warrior, the toiler, and the soldier’s mother in the people’s memory forever” (p...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le titre de l’ouvrage qui nous interesse ici, « Vassili Grossman, Carnets de guerre. De Moscou a Berlin, 1941-1945 », prete facilement a confusion, car il ne s’agit pas de la publication des carnets tenus par le grand ecrivain dans le cadre de son travail de correspondant de guerre pour le journal militaire Krasnaia Zvezda. Cet ouvrage, paru en 2005 en anglais sous un titre bien mieux adapte (A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941-1945), puis en 2007 dans la traduction franc...
{"title":"Vassili Grossman, Carnets de guerre. De Moscou à Berlin, 1941-1945 . Paris, Calman-Lévy, 2007, 390 pages","authors":"Emilia Koustova","doi":"10.4000/pipss.4107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/pipss.4107","url":null,"abstract":"Le titre de l’ouvrage qui nous interesse ici, « Vassili Grossman, Carnets de guerre. De Moscou a Berlin, 1941-1945 », prete facilement a confusion, car il ne s’agit pas de la publication des carnets tenus par le grand ecrivain dans le cadre de son travail de correspondant de guerre pour le journal militaire Krasnaia Zvezda. Cet ouvrage, paru en 2005 en anglais sous un titre bien mieux adapte (A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army, 1941-1945), puis en 2007 dans la traduction franc...","PeriodicalId":382204,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of power institutions in post-soviet societies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129979278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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