Pub Date : 2023-01-10DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.17
Ladislav Kvasz
Inštrumentálny realizmus sme predstavili ako epistemologickú koncepciu zameranú na analýzu zmien jazyka matematiky. Podľa tejto koncepcie je možné odlíšiť zmeny jazyka štyroch rozličných druhov. Z pohľadu inštrumentálneho realizmu je úlohou vyučovania matematiky v kognitívnom systéme žiaka navodzovať zmeny všetkých štyroch druhov. Rôzne prístupy k vyučovaniu matematiky (konštruktivizmus, realistická matematika, hermeneutický prístup, genetická metóda) sa líšia tým, aký didaktický význam prikladajú jednotlivým druhom zmien. Kvalitu určitého prístupu k vyučovaniu matematiky môžeme posudzovať aj podľa toho, ako úspešne navodzuje v mysli žiaka zmeny každého z uvedených druhov. Vychádzame z predpokladu, že kognitívne zmeny, ktoré učiteľ pri vyučovaní matematiky navodzuje v mysli žiaka, sú svojou povahou príbuzné s kognitívnymi zmenami, ku ktorým došlo v mysliach matematikov, ktorí pojmy, postupy a poznatky, ktoré žiakov dnes učíme, objavovali. Ak je tento predpoklad správny, umožňuje nám znalosť dejín uvedomiť si zložitosť zmien, ktoré sa učiteľ usiluje navodiť v myslení žiaka. Cieľom článku je analýza genetického konštruktivizmu z pohľadu inštrumentálneho realizmu. Chceme ukázať, že genetický konštruktivizmus obsahuje didaktické prostriedky na to, aby v mysli žiaka navodil autentické kognitívne zmeny všetkých štyroch druhov. Naša analýza je druhom epistemologickej rekonštrukcie, zameranej na konceptuálnu stavbu genetického konštruktivizmu. Preto nevypovedá o empirickom obsahu skúmanej teórie, avšak veríme, že upresnenie nášho porozumenia pistemologickej štruktúre skúmanej teórie umožní vytvoriť si jasnejšiu predstavu o parametroch, ktoré bude treba zohľadniť pri jej empirickom skúmaní.
{"title":"Genetický konštruktivizmus vo svetle inštrumentálneho realizmu","authors":"Ladislav Kvasz","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"Inštrumentálny realizmus sme predstavili ako epistemologickú koncepciu zameranú na analýzu zmien jazyka matematiky. Podľa tejto koncepcie je možné odlíšiť zmeny jazyka štyroch rozličných druhov. Z pohľadu inštrumentálneho realizmu je úlohou vyučovania matematiky v kognitívnom systéme žiaka navodzovať zmeny všetkých štyroch druhov. Rôzne prístupy k vyučovaniu matematiky (konštruktivizmus, realistická matematika, hermeneutický prístup, genetická metóda) sa líšia tým, aký didaktický význam prikladajú jednotlivým druhom zmien. Kvalitu určitého prístupu k vyučovaniu matematiky môžeme posudzovať aj podľa toho, ako úspešne navodzuje v mysli žiaka zmeny každého z uvedených druhov. Vychádzame z predpokladu, že kognitívne zmeny, ktoré učiteľ pri vyučovaní matematiky navodzuje v mysli žiaka, sú svojou povahou príbuzné s kognitívnymi zmenami, ku ktorým došlo v mysliach matematikov, ktorí pojmy, postupy a poznatky, ktoré žiakov dnes učíme, objavovali. Ak je tento predpoklad správny, umožňuje nám znalosť dejín uvedomiť si zložitosť zmien, ktoré sa učiteľ usiluje navodiť v myslení žiaka. Cieľom článku je analýza genetického konštruktivizmu z pohľadu inštrumentálneho realizmu. Chceme ukázať, že genetický konštruktivizmus obsahuje didaktické prostriedky na to, aby v mysli žiaka navodil autentické kognitívne zmeny všetkých štyroch druhov. Naša analýza je druhom epistemologickej rekonštrukcie, zameranej na konceptuálnu stavbu genetického konštruktivizmu. Preto nevypovedá o empirickom obsahu skúmanej teórie, avšak veríme, že upresnenie nášho porozumenia pistemologickej štruktúre skúmanej teórie umožní vytvoriť si jasnejšiu predstavu o parametroch, ktoré bude treba zohľadniť pri jej empirickom skúmaní.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.16
Evelyne Karel, D. Heyne, M. D. de Weerd, Rene Halberstadt
Research signals the importance of promptly identifying and responding to emerging absenteeism, to prevent severe and chronic absenteeism. Prompt identification and response relies upon a good system for recording, reporting, and using data related to students’ school attendance and absence. The current article provides an overview of law, policy, and practice in the Netherlands regarding the recording, reporting, and use of school attendance data. We then consider the ways in which current law, policy, and practice help and hinder the work of school personnel as they endeavour to promote attendance and reduce absenteeism. Thereafter, we propose modifications to current policy and practice that could enhance the prompt identification and response to emerging absenteeism. When school personnel have easy access to reliable attendance data, and when they become accustomed to using the data to inform their work to promote attendance and respond to absenteeism, they are in a stronger position to support positive developmental outcomes among young people.
{"title":"The Recording, Reporting, and Use of School Attendance Data by School Personnel in The Netherlands: Toe the Line or Take a New Path?","authors":"Evelyne Karel, D. Heyne, M. D. de Weerd, Rene Halberstadt","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"Research signals the importance of promptly identifying and responding to emerging absenteeism, to prevent severe and chronic absenteeism. Prompt identification and response relies upon a good system for recording, reporting, and using data related to students’ school attendance and absence. The current article provides an overview of law, policy, and practice in the Netherlands regarding the recording, reporting, and use of school attendance data. We then consider the ways in which current law, policy, and practice help and hinder the work of school personnel as they endeavour to promote attendance and reduce absenteeism. Thereafter, we propose modifications to current policy and practice that could enhance the prompt identification and response to emerging absenteeism. When school personnel have easy access to reliable attendance data, and when they become accustomed to using the data to inform their work to promote attendance and respond to absenteeism, they are in a stronger position to support positive developmental outcomes among young people.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.14
Miroslav Janik, E. Minarikova, Tomáš Janík, Z. Šmideková
Teacher’s professional vision is a well-researched concept that highlights the importance of noticing salient issues in classroom situations and reasoning about them. This paper aimed to investigate pre-service teachers’ professional vision of pupil engagement: what student teachers notice in classroom videos regarding pupil engagement and how they verbalize it. The data was collected using interviews with classroom videos as prompts. 20 English as a foreign language pre-service teachers participated in the study. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis and word clouds. The results suggest that pupil engagement is observed on three levels: behavioural, cognitive, and emotional, and it is seen in connection with classroom factors influencing it; the most mentioned one being teacher actions. To verbalize their noticing of pupil engagement, student teachers used wors and phrases that describe engagement directly (such as “participate”, “enjoy”, “respond”) or indirectly, for example through descriptions of actions (“raising hands”) or suggestions of cognitive involvement with the content (“know” or “remember”). Understanding how student teachers talk about pupil engagement can help us tease out important points in discussions during teacher education programmes and, in doing so, aid the pre-service teachers in framing their noticing and developing their professional vision.
{"title":"On the Language of Student Teachers’ Professional Vision: How Do Pre-Service EFL Teachers Comment on Classroom Videos of Pupil Engagement?","authors":"Miroslav Janik, E. Minarikova, Tomáš Janík, Z. Šmideková","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"Teacher’s professional vision is a well-researched concept that highlights the importance of noticing salient issues in classroom situations and reasoning about them. This paper aimed to investigate pre-service teachers’ professional vision of pupil engagement: what student teachers notice in classroom videos regarding pupil engagement and how they verbalize it. The data was collected using interviews with classroom videos as prompts. 20 English as a foreign language pre-service teachers participated in the study. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis and word clouds. The results suggest that pupil engagement is observed on three levels: behavioural, cognitive, and emotional, and it is seen in connection with classroom factors influencing it; the most mentioned one being teacher actions. To verbalize their noticing of pupil engagement, student teachers used wors and phrases that describe engagement directly (such as “participate”, “enjoy”, “respond”) or indirectly, for example through descriptions of actions (“raising hands”) or suggestions of cognitive involvement with the content (“know” or “remember”). Understanding how student teachers talk about pupil engagement can help us tease out important points in discussions during teacher education programmes and, in doing so, aid the pre-service teachers in framing their noticing and developing their professional vision.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44886817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.12
M. Sandhaug, Iines Palmu, Sarah Jakobsen, J. Strömbeck, Maren-Johanne Nordby, Peter Friberg, Jenny Berg, Lotte Fensbo, Jenny Sjöström, Mikael Thastum
The compulsory educational context and school systems within the Nordic countries Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway share fundamental similarities, facilitating comparison across these countries. In this study, we describe and compare existing practices of recording, reporting, and utilizing school attendance data in four countries. In Sweden, Finland, and Norway there is a lack of national guidelines and agreements of how to record, report, and use school attendance data. Municipal autonomy has led to a variety of recording and reporting practices, which then lead to lack of comparable data and wider use of the data gathered. Denmark has a national registry of attendance data, and schools are required to report the data to municipal level. There are more specific guidelines regarding recording and reporting in Denmark compared to Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Problems with school non-attendance are well recognized in the North, but ways of recording and responding to absenteeism are still versatile. This leads to inconsistencies both within and between the countries. Due to variations of the way attendance is recorded, the quality of the national registry of data in Denmark can be questioned. A unified approach to inform research and practice to include formalized definitions of school absence in the Nordic Education Acts are suggested. It requires schools to record and report attendance data within a national register and finding a reliable way to differentiate problematic from non-problematic absenteeism.
{"title":"Recording, Reporting, and Utilizing School Attendance Data in Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway: A Nordic Comparison","authors":"M. Sandhaug, Iines Palmu, Sarah Jakobsen, J. Strömbeck, Maren-Johanne Nordby, Peter Friberg, Jenny Berg, Lotte Fensbo, Jenny Sjöström, Mikael Thastum","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"The compulsory educational context and school systems within the Nordic countries Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway share fundamental similarities, facilitating comparison across these countries. In this study, we describe and compare existing practices of recording, reporting, and utilizing school attendance data in four countries. In Sweden, Finland, and Norway there is a lack of national guidelines and agreements of how to record, report, and use school attendance data. Municipal autonomy has led to a variety of recording and reporting practices, which then lead to lack of comparable data and wider use of the data gathered. Denmark has a national registry of attendance data, and schools are required to report the data to municipal level. There are more specific guidelines regarding recording and reporting in Denmark compared to Sweden, Finland, and Norway. Problems with school non-attendance are well recognized in the North, but ways of recording and responding to absenteeism are still versatile. This leads to inconsistencies both within and between the countries. Due to variations of the way attendance is recorded, the quality of the national registry of data in Denmark can be questioned. A unified approach to inform research and practice to include formalized definitions of school absence in the Nordic Education Acts are suggested. It requires schools to record and report attendance data within a national register and finding a reliable way to differentiate problematic from non-problematic absenteeism.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.11
Manuela Schlick
Much attention has been dedicated to the professional development of teachers and how their professional knowledge base is formed in teacher education, but little attention has been paid to the surface level of such measures, that is the professional language used and developed within teacher education. The first part of this article presents a definition of professional teacher language and provides overviews for its contexts and functions in order to conceptualise its role for teachers’ professional development and its potential for teacher education. To further illustrate this potential, a cognitive-linguistic perspective is applied to discuss the relationship of practical teacher knowledge and its verbalisation. This touches on the fundamental question of what proportion and aspects of teachers’ professional knowledge base can be made explicit through language and how language can help to form this knowledge base. The second part contextualises and discusses results from an empirical qualitative study of practitioner teachers’ discussing their practice in a professional learning group. This illustrates one methodological approach to exploring how practitioners verbalise their decision making in practice within professional discourse in a professional learning community.
{"title":"Professional Teacher Language: Its Contexts, Functions, and Potential to Further Teachers’ Professionalism","authors":"Manuela Schlick","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Much attention has been dedicated to the professional development of teachers and how their professional knowledge base is formed in teacher education, but little attention has been paid to the surface level of such measures, that is the professional language used and developed within teacher education. The first part of this article presents a definition of professional teacher language and provides overviews for its contexts and functions in order to conceptualise its role for teachers’ professional development and its potential for teacher education. To further illustrate this potential, a cognitive-linguistic perspective is applied to discuss the relationship of practical teacher knowledge and its verbalisation. This touches on the fundamental question of what proportion and aspects of teachers’ professional knowledge base can be made explicit through language and how language can help to form this knowledge base. The second part contextualises and discusses results from an empirical qualitative study of practitioner teachers’ discussing their practice in a professional learning group. This illustrates one methodological approach to exploring how practitioners verbalise their decision making in practice within professional discourse in a professional learning community.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.10
Matthew Oliver White
Despite the growing body of literature on school attendance, there is relatively little known about the different approaches that are used to define, record, and report school attendance across countries. This paper seeks to fill this literature gap by providing a policy analysis of how attendance and absenteeism are defined, measured and reported in Australia. This paper explores how school attendance is conceptualised in Australia, with a specific focus on New South Wales where the author resides. The analysis examines what indicators of absence are recorded and how schools along with education authorities make use of this data. The national setting of goals to improve the educational outcomes of all Australian young people has been a driver behind the collection and public reporting of attendance data. This policy analysis highlights the multilateral achievement of the Commonwealth, state and territory governments in Australia to nationally align the collecting and reporting of school attendance data. This has elevated the importance of attendance beyond an administrative task to its current position as a key performance indicator of school effectiveness.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Recording, Reporting, and Use of School Attendance Data in Australia","authors":"Matthew Oliver White","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing body of literature on school attendance, there is relatively little known about the different approaches that are used to define, record, and report school attendance across countries. This paper seeks to fill this literature gap by providing a policy analysis of how attendance and absenteeism are defined, measured and reported in Australia. This paper explores how school attendance is conceptualised in Australia, with a specific focus on New South Wales where the author resides. The analysis examines what indicators of absence are recorded and how schools along with education authorities make use of this data. The national setting of goals to improve the educational outcomes of all Australian young people has been a driver behind the collection and public reporting of attendance data. This policy analysis highlights the multilateral achievement of the Commonwealth, state and territory governments in Australia to nationally align the collecting and reporting of school attendance data. This has elevated the importance of attendance beyond an administrative task to its current position as a key performance indicator of school effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43880073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.9
Daniel Pražák, Dominik Dvořák
Síťování škol se v posledních letech stalo novým nástrojem správy a rozvoje vzdělávacího systému vedle dvou již zavedených forem řízení – hierarchického a tržního modelu. Zejména v Anglii zaujímá spolupráce škol centrální místo v současné vzdělávací politice. Tato single country případová studie popisuje dva hlavní typy vznikajících anglických sítí škol: sítě pro interorganizační učení mezi více a méně úspěšnými školami a sítě škol se společnými řídicímin strukturami. Typologie je doplněna ilustrativními příklady tří konkrétních sítí. V závěru článku poukazujeme na shody a rozdíly v kontextech síťování v Česku a Anglii a uvádíme poznatky o fungování sítí v době pandemie.
{"title":"Síťování škol: Případová studie Anglie","authors":"Daniel Pražák, Dominik Dvořák","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Síťování škol se v posledních letech stalo novým nástrojem správy a rozvoje vzdělávacího systému vedle dvou již zavedených forem řízení – hierarchického a tržního modelu. Zejména v Anglii zaujímá spolupráce škol centrální místo v současné vzdělávací politice. Tato single country případová studie popisuje dva hlavní typy vznikajících anglických sítí škol: sítě pro interorganizační učení mezi více a méně úspěšnými školami a sítě škol se společnými řídicímin strukturami. Typologie je doplněna ilustrativními příklady tří konkrétních sítí. V závěru článku poukazujeme na shody a rozdíly v kontextech síťování v Česku a Anglii a uvádíme poznatky o fungování sítí v době pandemie.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41835613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.8
Klára Uličná
The study’s aim is to shed light on the nature of future English language teachers’ reflective communication in the context of video clubs. The objectives of the video clubs were to further develop students’ pedagogical content knowledge in relation to English language teaching and learning, professional vision, and reflective competence. Concerning the professional and political aspects of communication, this study aims to investigate the influence of different types of video interventions implemented in four different video clubs on the nature of pre-service teachers’ communication and, consequently, its effects on students’ reflections and their professional learning.
{"title":"The Nature of Reflective Communication Within Video Clubs: What Matters?","authors":"Klára Uličná","doi":"10.14712/23363177.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23363177.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"The study’s aim is to shed light on the nature of future English language teachers’ reflective communication in the context of video clubs. The objectives of the video clubs were to further develop students’ pedagogical content knowledge in relation to English language teaching and learning, professional vision, and reflective competence. Concerning the professional and political aspects of communication, this study aims to investigate the influence of different types of video interventions implemented in four different video clubs on the nature of pre-service\u0000teachers’ communication and, consequently, its effects on students’ reflections and their professional learning.","PeriodicalId":38228,"journal":{"name":"Orbis Scholae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42756355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}