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Student Teachers’ Use of Language: Discourse Functions in Teaching-Based Reflective Writing 学生教师的语言使用:教学型反思性写作中的语篇功能
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.7
Petra Knorr
The value of reflective writing in teacher education is widely accepted and research has focused increasingly on investigating the quality of students’ reflective texts by assessing their reflective depth or breadth. Studies on student teachers’ professional vision have looked at processes of noticing relevant classroom events and reasoning about them, emphasizingthat thinking about teaching and learning is a strongly knowledge-guided process. While much empirical attention has been given to assessing students’ writing, little insight has been gained into how reflective thinking actually unfolds. The aim of this study is to examine student teachers’ discursive practices as they engage in reflective writing in the context of a teaching practicum. Data consists of reflective essays which were analysed using linguistically based qualitative coding in order to identify discourse functions in students’ texts. Findings allow a detailed description of verbal actions carried out in guided reflective writing. They also indicate that due to the situated nature of their writing, student teachers engage in affective appraisal and reasoning processes which are verbalized by using everyday as well as academic language depending on students’ zone of proximal development and their developing pedagogical content knowledge.
反思性写作在教师教育中的价值被广泛接受,研究越来越关注通过评估学生反思的深度或广度来调查学生反思文本的质量。关于见习教师专业视野的研究着眼于注意到相关课堂事件并对其进行推理的过程,强调对教与学的思考是一个强烈的知识引导过程。虽然很多实证研究都关注于评估学生的写作,但很少有人深入了解反思性思维实际上是如何展开的。本研究的目的是考察学生教师在教学实习的背景下从事反思性写作时的话语实践。数据包括反思性文章,使用基于语言学的定性编码进行分析,以确定学生文本中的话语功能。研究结果允许对引导反思性写作中进行的口头行为进行详细描述。他们还指出,由于他们写作的情境性,学生教师根据学生的最近发展区和他们正在发展的教学内容知识,使用日常语言和学术语言来进行情感评价和推理过程。
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引用次数: 0
“From Her Eyes”: On the Affordances of Video Resources in Supporting Teacher Reflection “来自她的眼睛”:论支持教师反思的视频资源的配置
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-17 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.4
Julia Hüttner
The contribution present data and findings from a teacher education intervention, which aimed at supporting (student) teachers’ professional vision in order to improve their (dialogic) reflective practices. In order to facilitate meaningful dialogue, video-recorded English lessons were used as bases of discussion. The 19 participants were early career teachers (with about two to four years teaching experience) from diverse geographical and educational backgrounds. Overall, interactions amounting to 349 minutes were recorded. Data show interesting interactions between participants describing and noticing specific teaching events on the video material, the challenges of suspending evaluation and the crucial role of dialogue in deepening the reflective process. Findings also show the affordances of video materials on fostering professional vision, such as the means of re-watching episodes and of several participants having seen the same teaching event. Although the participants had teaching experience, the facilitators were crucial in guiding towards both specific moments in the teaching events observed and to theory-based knowledge available to the participants. This raises implication for both pre- and in-service teaching aimed at reflective practice.
本文提供了来自教师教育干预的数据和发现,旨在支持(学生)教师的专业视野,以改善他们的(对话)反思实践。为了促进有意义的对话,我们将录制的英语课程作为讨论的基础。19名参与者是来自不同地域和教育背景的早期职业教师(大约有2到4年的教学经验)。总的来说,总共记录了349分钟的互动。数据显示参与者之间有趣的互动,描述和注意到视频材料中的具体教学事件,暂停评估的挑战以及对话在深化反思过程中的关键作用。研究结果还显示了视频材料在培养专业视野方面的启示,例如重看剧集的方式以及几个参与者观看同一教学事件的方式。虽然参与者有教学经验,但引导者在指导观察到的教学事件的特定时刻和指导参与者获得基于理论的知识方面至关重要。这对以反思性实践为目标的职前教学和在职教学都提出了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Míra meziškolní mobility žáků základních škol v Česku
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.5
Dominik Dvořák, Petr Meyer, S. Kučerová
Student transfers between schools or inter-school mobility is an important topic, as it is often associated with other unfavourable conditions for schooling. Repeated transfers may predict an increased likelihood of school failure. On the other hand, school mobility can also serve the school choice. Despite that, data on mobility rate in Czech education have not been available yet. In this study, we use complete set of administrative data on transfers to another school in all Czech basic (comprehensive primary and lower secondary) schools in the consecutive three years (about 150 thousand events). To eliminate structurally enforced transitions, we focused on fully organized schools (grade span of 1–9). The number of departures per year represents on average 3.81% of the number of students. However, there are significant regional differences in the rate of mobility, and we find even greater difference at the level of individual schools. These findings complement the current discussion on inequalities in Czech education and deserve further detailed study.
学生在学校之间转学或校际流动是一个重要的话题,因为它通常与其他不利的上学条件有关。反复转学可能预示着学业失败的可能性增加。另一方面,学校流动性也可以为择校服务。尽管如此,捷克教育的流动性数据还没有得到。在这项研究中,我们使用了捷克所有基础(综合小学和初中)学校连续三年(约15万次)转学的完整行政数据集。为了消除结构性强制过渡,我们将重点放在了完全有组织的学校(1-9年级)。每年的离校人数平均占学生人数的3.81%。然而,在流动性方面存在显著的地区差异,我们发现个别学校水平的差异甚至更大。这些发现补充了目前关于捷克教育不平等的讨论,值得进一步详细研究。
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引用次数: 0
Fenomén učitelské profese v mateřské škole ve vizuálních reprezentacích (studujících) učitelek
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.3
Jana Majerčíková, Ivo Jirásek
A deeper understanding of the kindergarten teacher’s profession allowsfor the use of visual methodology and symbol analysis of visual representations in pedagogical research. The study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of verbally difficult to convey meanings through quantification of thematic motifs of drawings by student kindergarten teachers (n = 76) and a detailed qualitative analysis of selected images of 5 of them, based on a team-based free association method and subsequent symbolic interpretation of the images. In the results of the quantitative analysis, the kindergarten teacher’s profession is based on the visualization of the relationships and interaction between adults (usually women) and children, most often in free play or learning, with the support of a set agenda and against the background of a positively attuned situation. However, the interpretation of the expressive symbolism of the 5 drawings also offers previously unnoticed contradictions that disrupt this schema. In them, other aspects of the profession emerge, such as overload, elements of unreasonable attachment, dependence or the sad transience of all their efforts and activities, resonating also the weakening of the profession’s importance at the expense of external pressures.
对幼儿园教师职业的深入了解,有助于在教学研究中运用视觉方法论和视觉表征的符号分析。本研究旨在通过量化幼儿园学生教师(n = 76)的绘画主题母题,并基于团队自由联想法和随后对图像的符号解释,对其中5幅选定的图像进行详细的定性分析,以加深对言语难以传达意义的理解。在定量分析的结果中,幼儿园教师的职业是基于对成人(通常是妇女)与儿童之间的关系和互动的可视化,最常见的是在自由玩耍或学习中,在既定议程的支持下,在积极协调的背景下。然而,对这5幅画的表达象征主义的解释也提供了之前未被注意到的矛盾,破坏了这种模式。在他们身上,职业的其他方面出现了,例如超载,不合理的依恋因素,依赖或所有努力和活动的可悲短暂性,也反映了以牺牲外部压力为代价的职业重要性的削弱。
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引用次数: 0
Modifikace kurikula jako „příležitost“ k elitářství nadaných žáků
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.1
Eva Klimecká
Elitism in education is often applied by a different and prefered approach to students belonging to the so-called elite. This elite is segregated and developed, often at the expense of the needs of other students. Can elitism be one of the problems of pedagogical practice with intellectually gifted students in ordinary inclusive primary schools? We carried out qualitative research in the environment of ordinary primary schools by observing school lessons and interviews with teachers. We spent 70 hours in eight schools, tracking 24 gifted students. The aim was to identify and describe the pedagogical situations leading to the elitism of gifted pupils. We focused on teachers as the creator of a modified curriculum for gifted pupils, which gives space for the emergence of elitism. We analyzed the data using open and axial coding. We found that teachers apply pedagogical situations leading to the elitism of gifted pupils, in all components of the modified curriculum, but especially in pedagogical strategies such as extracurricular activities, gifted as a teacher's assistant, complementary tasks and group work. Finally, the features of the curriculum leading to elitism are defined. Research highlights one of the negative consequences of increasing formal support of giftedness.
在教育中,精英主义通常被一种不同的、更受欢迎的方法应用于属于所谓精英的学生。这些精英被隔离和发展,往往以牺牲其他学生的需求为代价。精英主义会是普通全纳小学对资优学生的教学实践中的问题之一吗?我们在普通小学环境中进行了定性研究,通过观察学校课程和对教师的访谈。我们在8所学校花了70个小时,追踪了24名天才学生。目的是识别和描述导致天才学生精英化的教学情况。我们将教师视为天才学生修改课程的创造者,这为精英主义的出现提供了空间。我们使用开放编码和轴向编码分析数据。我们发现,教师将导致天才学生精英主义的教学情境应用于修改课程的所有组成部分,尤其是在课外活动、天才教师助理、补充任务和小组工作等教学策略上。最后,对导致精英主义的课程特征进行了界定。研究强调了增加对天赋的正式支持的一个负面后果。
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引用次数: 1
Mezi jazykovou politikou a žitou zkušeností aneb Mnohojazyčnost, která (ne)existuje
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2022.2
M. Janík, Věra Janíková
The article examines managing language diversity at four urban schools in the Czech Republic, particularly it focuses on the contradictoriness between real-life experiences with languages and language policy. Czech language education is characterized by pursuing the European policy so-called “Mother Tongue + 2” and by maintaining national ideology at school. As result is that the language monitoring system provides data, that perceive languages as discreet entities, that are hierarchized in order to Mother Tongue + 2 ideology. The aim of the study was to explore how three schools focusing on languages perceive languages present in their space in comparison to how these languages are perceived by selected pupils. The study was carried out in a qualitative design, which included three interviews with school headmasters (representing the perspective of three selected schools) and an analysis of six language profiles (representing the perspective of pupils). Based on qualitative empirical approach, which includes three interviews with headmasters, is in this article argued, that real-live experiences with languages differ from the perception of languages by language policy (especially in categories foreign languages, Czech for foreigners and pupils-foreigners), but it follows frames of language policy. The analysis of the language profiles suggests a pupil’s understanding of languages (home languages, school languages, friends’ languages, and languages they wish to know or like) that is based on the use of languages in social interaction with different actors in different places and situations. Based on our results it can be assumed that the increasing language diversity at schools calls for reconceptualization of the Czech language policy (top-down and bottom-up) toward flexible approaches to multilingualism, derived from current linguistic and pedagogical findings based on lived experiences with languages.
本文考察了捷克共和国四所城市学校的语言多样性管理,特别关注了语言的现实经验与语言政策之间的矛盾。捷克语言教育的特点是奉行所谓“母语+ 2”的欧洲政策,并在学校保持民族意识形态。其结果是,语言监测系统提供了数据,这些数据将语言视为独立的实体,为了母语+ 2的意识形态而分层。这项研究的目的是探索三所专注于语言的学校如何感知他们空间中存在的语言,并与选定的学生如何感知这些语言进行比较。这项研究采用了定性设计,其中包括对三所学校校长的采访(代表三所选定学校的观点)和对六种语言概况的分析(代表学生的观点)。基于定性实证方法,其中包括对校长的三次访谈,本文认为,语言的真实体验不同于语言政策对语言的感知(特别是在外语类别,外国人的捷克语和学生-外国人),但它遵循语言政策的框架。对语言概况的分析表明,学生对语言的理解(家庭语言、学校语言、朋友语言和他们希望了解或喜欢的语言)是基于在不同地点和情况下与不同行为者进行社会互动时使用的语言。根据我们的研究结果,可以假设学校中语言多样性的增加要求捷克语言政策(自上而下和自下而上)重新概念化,以灵活的方式使用多种语言,这源于基于语言生活经验的当前语言学和教学发现。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 社论
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2021.13
Dominik Dvořák
Editorial
社论
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引用次数: 0
Střední článek ve vzdělávání: vymezení pojmu, přístupy a implikace pro vzdělávací politiku 教育中篇:概念的定义、方法和对教育政策的影响
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2021.12
Arnošt Veselý
The concept of “middle layer” (ML) is one of the most frequent terms in current education policy. Yet, the literature on the topic is fragmented and the concept itself is defined in several different ways which hinders effective discussion. The main goals of the article are as follows: 1) to imbed current discussion in the scholar literature and provide basic overview of scholar literature; 2) clarify the terminology and delimit various meanings of the “middle layer” concept. The article is structured as follows. First, the methodology of literature review is described. Then the basic meaning of ML in various educational systems is explained. In the next part of the paper, the literature review on ML is provided. In so doing, two strands of literature are distinguished. While the research-oriented strand focuses on analysis of what ML does (and does not), the practical stream relates to what ML should (or should not) do. Based on previous analysis, the paper argues that four meanings of middle layer can be delimited. These meanings are shortly labelled as follows: (a) a loose network of local actors; (b) a coordinated and interacting system of actors; (c) an organized set of several core local organizations; (d) a regional public administration institution. These four definitions are defined and explained. The article concludes with several implications for educational policy in the Czech Republic.
“中间层”(ML)的概念是当前教育政策中最常见的术语之一。然而,关于这一主题的文献是零散的,概念本身有几种不同的定义,这阻碍了有效的讨论。本文的主要目的是:1)将当前的讨论嵌入学者文学,提供学者文学的基本概述;2) 澄清术语,界定“中间层”概念的各种含义。这篇文章的结构如下。首先,介绍了文献综述的方法论。然后解释了ML在各种教育系统中的基本含义。在论文的下一部分,提供了关于ML的文献综述。在这样做的过程中,两股文学是不同的。以研究为导向的流侧重于分析ML做什么(和不做什么),而实际流则与ML应该做什么(或不应该做什么)有关。这些含义很快被标记为:(a)松散的地方行动者网络;(b) 一个协调和互动的行动者系统;(c) 由几个核心地方组织组成的有组织的集合;(d) 一个地区性的公共行政机构。对这四个定义进行了定义和解释。文章最后对捷克共和国的教育政策提出了几点建议。
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引用次数: 3
Koncentrace kortizolu ve slinách v průběhu zátěžových situací u úzkostných a neúzkostných adolescentů 焦虑和非焦虑青少年压力状态下唾液中皮质醇的浓度
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2021.10
Katarína Kubiková, Isabella Pavelková, Aneta Boháčová
Objectives. We investigated the biological response of organism to stress in real situations at school in adolescents. We were interested in how stress is manifested in adolescents without anxiety and in adolescents with a tendency to anxiety experiencing. The aim of the study is to analyse changes in salivary cortisol levels during stressful situation at school.Hypotheses. The analyses verified how cortisol levels change in situations associated with the threat of social assessment in the school environment in individuals without anxiety and anxious; H1a–c: Anxiety individuals will have higher cortisol levels in all monitored situations compared to adolescentswithout anxiety. We also focused on the possible links between an individual’s tendency to experience anxiety and the type of stress response; H2: Anxiety individuals will show a different development of cortisol levels between situations A, B and C compared to adolescents without anxiety. We also examined the relationships between cortisol levels and cognitive and emotional fear. H3: Anxiety individuals will show significant links between cortisol levels and cognitive and emotional fear in the achievement situation.Methods. The research group was comprised of 238 adolescents in the first phase of the study. The final sample for salivary cortisol analysis was comprised of 38 participants aged 12−14 years. The questionnaires battery contains Piers-Harris II, B-JEPI and TAI.Results. The results show that in both groups of adolescents without anxiety and anxious adolescents, cortisol has a demonstrably different development trend during the day. Furthermore, anxious adolescents showed demonstrably lower cortisol levels at school compared to adolescents without anxiety, in adolescents without anxiety, we observed higher cortisol levels and fall of cortisol level during the day. Our analyses showed that stronger relationships between cortisol and test anxiety are shown especially by anxiety adolescents compared to adolescents without anxiety.Limitations. The limitation is a smaller research sample and the selection of situations in which the level of salivary cortisol was evaluated. The important limitation is the fact that the first sampling was taken at different times after awakening, because the cortisol levels change more dynamically in this part of the day.
目标。我们调查了青少年在学校真实环境中机体对压力的生物学反应。我们感兴趣的是压力如何在没有焦虑的青少年和有焦虑倾向的青少年中表现出来。这项研究的目的是分析学校压力环境下唾液皮质醇水平的变化。假设。这些分析验证了在没有焦虑和焦虑的情况下,皮质醇水平在学校环境中与社会评估威胁相关的情况下是如何变化的;H1a–c:与没有焦虑的青少年相比,焦虑个体在所有监测情况下的皮质醇水平都会更高。我们还关注了个体经历焦虑的倾向与压力反应类型之间的可能联系;H2:与没有焦虑的青少年相比,焦虑个体在情况a、B和C之间表现出不同的皮质醇水平发展。我们还研究了皮质醇水平与认知和情绪恐惧之间的关系。H3:焦虑个体在成就情境中会表现出皮质醇水平与认知和情绪恐惧之间的显著联系。方法。研究小组由238名处于研究第一阶段的青少年组成。唾液皮质醇分析的最终样本由38名年龄在12-14岁的参与者组成。结果表明,在没有焦虑的青少年和焦虑的青少年中,皮质醇在白天的发展趋势明显不同。此外,与没有焦虑的青少年相比,焦虑的青少年在学校表现出明显较低的皮质醇水平。在没有焦虑的少年中,我们观察到皮质醇水平较高,白天皮质醇水平下降。我们的分析表明,皮质醇和考试焦虑之间的关系更强,尤其是与没有焦虑的青少年相比,焦虑的青少年。局限性局限性在于较小的研究样本和评估唾液皮质醇水平的情况选择。重要的限制是,第一次采样是在醒来后的不同时间进行的,因为皮质醇水平在一天中的这段时间变化更为动态。
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引用次数: 0
Fasora, L., Hanuš, J. Mýty a tradice středoevropské univerzitní kultury
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.14712/23363177.2021.11
P. Knecht
Book review on Fasora, L., Hanuš, J. Mýty a tradice středoevropské univerzitní kultury. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2019, 220 s.
关于Fasora,L.,Hanuš,J.中欧大学文化的神话与传统的书评。布尔诺:Masarykova univerzita,2019,220秒。
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引用次数: 0
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