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The Effectiveness of Rice Husk Biochar Application to Metsulfuron Methyl Persistence 稻壳生物炭对甲基甲磺隆持久性的影响
Subhan Arridho, S. Ulpah, T. E. Sabli
Metsulfuron methyl is an herbicide which has low toxicity and rapidly degraded in the soil, however DuPont stated that it is very poisonous to aquatic organism. Rice husk biochar is commonly used as ameliorants, moreoverit has ability to absorb and degradeharmful chemicals. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of rice husk biochar application towards the persistence of metsulfuronmethyl in soil and seepage water. This study applied completely randomized design factorial with two levels of herbicide dose (0 and 300 gr/ha) and four levels of percentage of rice husk biochar(0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of total soil). The results of this research revealed that there was no metsulfuron methyl residue in soil of all treatments after 28 days of herbicide treatment. The residue was found in seepageas much as 7.7 μg/L in treatment of 0% husk biochar and 6.8 μg/L in treatment of 5%husk biochar. The seepage reduced by the increasing of the percentage of rice husk biochar application. Thus, it can be concluded that giving the rice husk biochar is effective for absorbing metsulfuron methyl and preventing it from leaching. However, itcould not hold the presence of metsulfuron methyl longer in soil.
甲基甲磺隆是一种低毒、在土壤中降解迅速的除草剂,但杜邦公司指出它对水生生物毒性很大。稻壳生物炭具有吸附和降解有害化学物质的能力,是常用的改良剂。本研究旨在探讨稻壳生物炭对土壤和渗水中甲磺隆甲基持久性的影响。本研究采用完全随机设计因子,除草剂用量为0和300克/公顷,稻壳生物炭用量为0%、5%、10%和15%。结果表明,施用除草剂28 d后,各处理土壤中均无甲磺隆残留。0%谷壳生物炭处理渗滤液的残留量为7.7 μg/L, 5%谷壳生物炭处理渗滤液的残留量为6.8 μg/L。随着稻壳生物炭用量的增加,渗漏量减小。由此可见,在稻壳中添加生物炭可以有效地吸收甲基甲磺隆,防止其浸出。然而,它不能长期保持土壤中甲基甲磺隆的存在。
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引用次数: 0
Testing the Role of Fish Consumption Intention as Mediator 检验鱼类消费意向的中介作用
.. Junaidi, D. Ilona, .. Zaitul, Harfiandri Damanhuri
: This research investigate the role of an intention to consume fish as mediating variables between six variables (three variables from theory of plan behaviour and others from (Tomic, Matulic, and Jelic 2016). Theory of plan behaviour is applied to understand the phenomena’s. The data is analysed using the structural equation model (SEM). The finding show that an intention to consume fish is succeeding in mediating relationship between attitude toward fish consumption and consumption behaviour. However, the effect of other variables (subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, healthy, availability and responsibility) on consumption behaviour is not successfully mediated by an intention to consume fish. This study has theoretical and practical implication and they are discussed in this paper.
本研究调查了消费鱼的意图作为六个变量之间的中介变量的作用(三个变量来自计划行为理论,其他变量来自(Tomic, Matulic, and Jelic 2016))。应用计划行为理论来理解这些现象。采用结构方程模型(SEM)对数据进行了分析。研究结果表明,消费意向成功地调节了消费态度与消费行为之间的关系。然而,其他变量(主观规范、感知行为控制、健康、可用性和责任)对消费行为的影响并不能通过消费鱼的意图来成功调解。本研究具有一定的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Additively Coal Fly Ash toward Compressive Strength and Shear Bond Strength in Drilling Cement G Class 掺加粉煤灰对G级钻井水泥抗压强度和抗剪强度的影响
Novrianti, Dori Winaldi, M. Efras
: The successful of cementing process in petroleum is indicated by the strength value consisting of the compressive stress value and the shear bond strength value. The value of compressive strength permitted in drilling is 500 psi while for shear bond strength is 100 psi. To increase the strength of cement is done by adding pozzolanic additives. One alternative pozzolan that can be used and derived from inorganic waste is coal fly ash. Indonesia has reserves of around 38.9 billion tons of coal with annual production reaching 435 million tons, resulting in a large amount of coal fly ash. The silica contained in coal fly ash is pozzolan which can increase the strength of cement and can reduce costs because it does not need to use additives from industry and can also reduce environmental pollution from fly ash. This study was conducted to determine the value of compressive strength and shear bond strength by using coal fly ash additives with variations in concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% by weight of cement (BWOC). Making cement suspension samples is done by mixing water, bentonite, polypropylene glycol, CaCl2, and coal fly ash softens the mixer, then it is poured in a mold and left in the water bath. The residence is carried out for 24 hours with temperature 60 0 C. Compressive strength and shear bond strength test can be done by utilizing hydraulic pressure. The addition of coal ash can increase the strength of cement. The optimal compressive strength and shear bond strength is obtained on 7.5% BWOC additively ash coal with the value of compressive strength obtained is 1680.39 psi and the shear bond strength is 138.88 psi.
:用由压应力值和剪切胶结强度值组成的强度值来表示石油固井过程的成功。钻井中允许的抗压强度值为500 psi,而剪切强度为100 psi。为了提高水泥的强度,可以加入火山灰助剂。另一种可以从无机废物中提取和利用的火山灰是粉煤灰。印尼的煤炭储量约为389亿吨,年产量达4.35亿吨,因此产生了大量的煤粉煤灰。粉煤灰中所含的二氧化硅是火山灰,可以提高水泥的强度,不需要使用工业添加剂,可以降低成本,也可以减少粉煤灰对环境的污染。采用水泥重量比分别为2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%、12.5%和15%的粉煤灰掺加剂,测定了粉煤灰的抗压强度和抗剪粘结强度。水泥悬浮液样品的制作是由水、膨润土、聚丙烯乙二醇、CaCl2和煤粉煤灰混合完成的,粉煤灰使混合器软化,然后倒入模具中,留在水浴中。保温24小时,温度60 ~ 0℃,可采用水压进行抗压强度和抗剪粘结强度试验。粉煤灰的加入可以提高水泥的强度。当掺量为7.5% BWOC时,煤的抗压强度为1680.39 psi,抗剪粘结强度为138.88 psi,抗压强度和抗剪粘结强度最佳。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of the Ethnobotany of Riau Province Mascot Flora (Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridl.) 廖内省吉祥物植物群(Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridl.)的民族植物学特征
Desti, Fitmawati, P. Yulis, M. Isda
: Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium) is the identity of Riau flora’s mascot. This research aims to characterize the ethnobotany of that flora. The survey method used in this research. The research method used included field observations, discussions and deeply personal interview with local community. Data collection techniques were carried out directly with questionnaire assisted communication. Ethnobotanical information was gathered from the local community through interviews of the respondents. Data collection were conducted at Bukitbatu, Bengkalis District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Data collected from the informants were selected randomly. We found that all of the parts of nibung plant have high economic value that support the local community lives, hence used much as construction materials, for example: buildings, furniture, and shipyards. Therefore, nibung has an ideal plant to support its wide use in the community.
Nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium)是廖内植物的吉祥物。这项研究旨在描述该植物区系的民族植物学特征。本研究采用的调查方法。研究方法包括实地观察、讨论和对当地社区的深入访谈。数据收集技术直接通过问卷辅助沟通进行。通过对受访者的访谈,从当地社区收集民族植物学信息。数据收集工作在印度尼西亚廖内省Bengkalis区的Bukitbatu进行。从举报人处收集的数据是随机选择的。我们发现nibung工厂的所有部分都具有很高的经济价值,支持当地社区的生活,因此被用作建筑材料,例如:建筑物,家具和造船厂。因此,nibung有一个理想的植物来支持它在社区的广泛使用。
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引用次数: 2
Forest Fire Monitoring System using WSNs Technology 基于WSNs技术的森林火灾监测系统
E. A. Kadir, S. Rosa, M. Othman
Forest fires contribute to air pollution, which is one of the disasters, and adversely affects the environment because foggy particles along with carbon particles in a fire. Forest fires in the dry season occur in most of Indonesia’s forestry areas. Riau Province is located on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, in an area with a high likelihood of forest fires due to typical peatlands. The purpose of this research is to design and contribute to new technologies for fire detection using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Technology and intelligent software for accurate fire detection. This study proposes WSNs for the detection of forest fires in peat areas using sensor nodes with several embedded sensors for accurate fire detection. The sensor node prototype was designed and tested in a laboratory to check results and calibrate it to the real environment. Four sensors are embedded with temperature and humidity sensors, fire and smoke detection sensors and particle sensors. It analyses with intelligent software to get accurate information and data from the fire, including location, detection of values from all sensors. The results show that WSNs sensor nodes can detect fires and send information about all parameters that indicate forest fires. The design and development of WSN sensor nodes is to assist local governments or institutions to overcome existing problems, particularly in Riau Province and Indonesia, due to forest fires.
森林火灾造成了灾害之一的空气污染,并且由于火灾中的雾状颗粒和碳颗粒对环境产生了不利影响。印尼大部分林区在旱季都会发生森林火灾。廖内省位于印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛,由于典型的泥炭地,该地区发生森林火灾的可能性很高。本研究的目的是设计并促进利用无线传感器网络(WSNs)技术和智能软件进行准确的火灾探测的新技术。本研究提出了一种用于泥炭地区森林火灾检测的无线传感器网络,该网络使用带有多个嵌入式传感器的传感器节点来进行精确的火灾检测。设计了传感器节点原型,并在实验室进行了测试,以检查结果并将其校准到真实环境中。四个传感器嵌入温度和湿度传感器,火灾和烟雾探测传感器和颗粒传感器。它通过智能软件进行分析,从火灾中获得准确的信息和数据,包括位置,所有传感器的检测值。结果表明,该传感器节点能够探测到火灾,并发送指示森林火灾的所有参数信息。WSN传感器节点的设计和开发是为了帮助当地政府或机构克服现有的问题,特别是在廖内省和印度尼西亚,由于森林火灾。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting of Oil Water Contact Level using Material Balance Modeling of a Multi-tank Reservoir 用物料平衡模型预测多储层油水接触面
M. Abdurrahman, Bop Duana Afrireksa, Hyundon Shin, Adi Novriansyah
Nowadays, the increase in water production becomes a problem in the oil and gas industry. Besides being a problem, it also becomes extra energy to produce oil and gas. OWC is one of the keys for water production determination for each layer. If the perforation at production well is at OWC or below OWC, the production will be 100% water. In general, the log is used to determine OWC. Besides with log, tank modeling from the material balance equation is also used to determine OWC. WH field located 15 km from Bangko Field in Riau. This primary field has high water production with 97% water cut. Before tank modeling starts, each layer needs to be analyzed based on its reserves, production cumulative and remaining reserves to determine the productive layer, which can be developed in the future. Prediction can be done when history matching and calibration process for both historical data and simulated data by software. Prediction ends in August 2021, which is the end of development contract in WH field. From the results, it can be determined that from C sand, the OOWC and COWC are at 2922 ft and 2883 ft with the cumulative oil production is 6.78 MMSTB. From E sand also can be determined the OOWC at 2368 ft and COWC at 2325 ft with the cumulative oil production is 14.57 MMSTB. From K sand, the OOWC is at 2002 ft and COWC at 1911 ft with the cumulative oil production is 13.5 MMSTB. L sand the OOWC is at 2243 ft and COWC at 2191 ft with the cumulative oil production is 29.17 MMSTB. From the analysis, K sand has the most significant OWC movement, which is 91 ft and it is also validated with the current log data. This sand needs more care to maintain water production.
如今,水产量的增加成为油气行业的一个问题。除了成为一个问题,它还成为生产石油和天然气的额外能源。含水率是确定各层产水量的关键之一。如果生产井的射孔处于或低于最低含水率,则生产将是100%的水。通常,日志用于确定OWC。除log外,还利用物料平衡方程对储罐进行建模来确定OWC。WH油田位于廖内省Bangko油田15公里处。该油田含水率高达97%,产水量较大。在油罐建模开始之前,需要对每一层储量、产量累积和剩余储量进行分析,确定生产层,以便后续进行开发。通过软件对历史数据和模拟数据进行历史匹配和校准,可以进行预测。预测将于2021年8月结束,这是WH油田开发合同的结束。结果表明,C砂的OOWC和COWC分别位于2922 ft和2883 ft,累计产油量为678万桶。从E砂也可以确定在2368英尺处的OOWC和2325英尺处的coc,累积产油量为1457万桶。在K砂层,OOWC为2002英尺,COWC为1911英尺,累计产油量为1350万桶。L砂层的OOWC深度为2243英尺,COWC深度为2191英尺,累计产油量为2917万桶。从分析中可以看出,K砂的地层含水率移动幅度最大,达到91英尺,并通过当前的测井数据进行了验证。这种砂需要更多的护理来保持产水。
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引用次数: 0
Biosurvey of Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) Contamination in Reclamation Island-Jakarta Bay 填海岛-雅加达湾汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)污染的生物调查
Salmita Salman, A. Sjarmidi, Salman
: Man-made islands allegedly alter the coastline that slowing pollutants retention time. Green mussels ( Perna viridis ) are one of the organisms known to accumulate heavy metals. Biosurvey needs to be conducted to acquire information on heavy metal content in man-made habitat and biota. The aims of this research are to identify the water quality related to heavy metal presence; to measure heavy metal content in green mussels ( Perna viridis ) around the reclaimed island to determine heavy metal level pollution on reclamation island. Sampling was conducted in August 2017 in reclamation islands C and D. Heavy metal measurement values refer to the SNI method 3554-2015. Data of heavy metal content in water, sediment, and green mussels were analyzed with quantitative descriptive method. The results show biological oxygen demands (BOD), and chemical oxygen demands (COD) has exceeded the water quality standard which indicates a high level of pollution. The results of the examination of the heavy metal in seawater show that mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are below the tools detection limit ( < 0.0002; < 0.00011; < 0.00086 mg/L) and below seawater pollution standard for biota. Concentrations of heavy metals mercury, cadmium, and lead in sediments around the reclaimed islands and Teluk Naga area are below heavy metal pollution standards for sediments. Mercury (Hg) levels below the tools detection limit ( < 0.0004 mg/L); cadmium (Cd) ranges from 0.02-0.20 mg/L; lead (Pb) ranges from 0.50 to 5.46 mg/L. Heavy metals examination in green mussels indicate that mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are below the tools detection limit ( < 0.001; < 0.00011; < 0.00086 mg/L) and below the heavy metal pollution standard on bivalves. Generally, water and sediment around the reclaimed islands and natural habitat in August 2017 are not polluted by heavy metals so there is no harm to biota. Heavy metals quality in water, sediment and mussels are below the pollution standard and based on the USEPA system belong to grade A. The heavy metal index on Reclaimed Island is 18 and considered good. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the reclaimed islands C and D in August 2017 were safe from heavy metal mercury, cadmium, and lead pollutions.
人造岛屿据称改变了海岸线,减缓了污染物滞留时间。绿贻贝(Perna viridis)是已知的积累重金属的生物之一。需要进行生物调查,以获取人工生境和生物群中重金属含量的信息。本研究的目的是确定与重金属存在有关的水质;测量围填岛周围青贻贝(Perna viridis)的重金属含量,以厘定围填岛的重金属污染水平。2017年8月在填海C岛和d岛进行采样。重金属测量值参照SNI方法3554-2015。采用定量描述方法对水体、沉积物和青贻贝中重金属含量数据进行了分析。结果表明:生物需氧量(BOD)和化学需氧量(COD)均超过水质标准,污染程度较高。海水重金属检测结果显示,汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)均低于工具检出限(< 0.0002;< 0.00011;< 0.00086 mg/L)且低于生物群海水污染标准。填海造岛和泰鲁克那加地区周围沉积物中重金属汞、镉和铅的浓度低于沉积物重金属污染标准。汞含量低于工具检测限(< 0.0004 mg/L);镉(Cd)的范围为0.02-0.20毫克/升;铅(Pb)的范围为0.50至5.46毫克/升。青贻贝重金属检测结果显示,汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)均低于工具检出限(< 0.001;< 0.00011;< 0.00086 mg/L),低于双壳类动物重金属污染标准。总体而言,2017年8月填海造岛周边水体和沉积物及自然栖息地未受到重金属污染,对生物区系没有危害。水、沉积物和贻贝的重金属质量低于污染标准,根据USEPA系统属于a级。填海岛的重金属指数为18,为良好。根据所得结果,2017年8月填海C岛和D岛的重金属汞、镉和铅污染是安全的。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis for Gerund Entity Anomalies in Data Modeling 数据建模中动态实体异常分析
Des Suryani, Yudhi Arta, .. Erdisna
: Data is the most important component of an information system development. Collected data that will be used in future needs should be kept well to make it easy to inquire. The data stored in a database consists of several groups of data relations. These relations should be connected through fields which are unique to the relations linked. In designing database itself, it is very important to note how data is organized and stored to minimize data redundancy. The tools used in depiction of the relationship between tables or entities are Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) that can have one to one, one to many and many to many relationships. Gerund entity will be formed if the relationship between the entities is many to many. However, the new entity is still a possible anomaly. The reanalysis is needed to be free of anomalies. Gerund entity that still has an anomaly will form a new entity again, which in this case referred to as a sub gerund entity which is a derivative of a gerund entity. The result of a good database design or free of anomalies will increase the optimization of memory usage, consistency and integrity of data.
数据是信息系统开发中最重要的组成部分。收集到的将来需要使用的数据应妥善保存,以便查询。存储在数据库中的数据由几组数据关系组成。这些关系应该通过所链接的关系所特有的字段来连接。在设计数据库本身时,注意如何组织和存储数据以最小化数据冗余是非常重要的。用于描述表或实体之间关系的工具是实体关系图(Entity relationship Diagram, ERD),它可以具有一对一、一对多和多对多的关系。如果实体之间的关系是多对多的,就会形成动名词实体。然而,新实体仍然可能是一个异常。重新分析必须无异常。动名词实体仍然有一个异常将再次形成一个新的实体,在这种情况下,它被称为子动名词实体,它是动名词实体的衍生物。良好的数据库设计或无异常的结果将增加内存使用的优化,数据的一致性和完整性。
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引用次数: 0
An Integrated Framework for Social Contribution of Diabetes Self-care Management Application 糖尿病自我护理管理应用的社会贡献集成框架
Zul Indra, Liza Trisnawati, Luluk Elvitaria
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引用次数: 0
Prototype Storage Locker Security System based on Fingerprint and RFID Technology 基于指纹和RFID技术的储物柜安全系统原型
Apri Siswanto, H. Gunawan, Rafiq Sanjaya
: Locker Security System for storing goods is essential in public facilities such as at the bus station, airport, mall or library. Today’s commercially available security locker systems require complex system configurations that involve high costs. For that, a more accessible and cheaper alternative is needed. In this study, a locker security system was created using Arduino-based fingerprint biometrics. The purpose of this study is to improve the security of lockers in goods storage services and can reduce theft by using fingerprint sensors and RFID sensors. The research methods in this study include library research, system design, hardware design, and software design. Based on the results testing both on the hardware and on the software that has been made and looking at the objectives of the research, it can be summarized as follows: this equipment can be used as a storage locker for items that have good security.
:储物柜保安系统是公共设施如车站、机场、商场、图书馆等存放物品的必备设施。今天的商业安全储物柜系统需要复杂的系统配置,涉及高成本。为此,需要一种更容易获得、更便宜的替代方案。本研究采用基于arduino的指纹生物识别技术创建了一个储物柜安全系统。本研究的目的是通过使用指纹传感器和RFID传感器来提高储物柜在货物存储服务中的安全性,并可以减少盗窃。本研究的研究方法包括图书馆调研、系统设计、硬件设计和软件设计。根据已经完成的硬件和软件测试结果,结合研究的目的,可以总结如下:该设备可以作为储物柜,存放安全性较好的物品。
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引用次数: 1
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