Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad040
Marty Leonard, Mark E. Hauber, H. James, Tony D. Williams, Karen Wiebe
1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 2Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA 3Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA 4Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada 5Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Corresponding author: mleonard@dal.ca
{"title":"2023 AOS Elliott Coues Award to Gregory F. Ball and Jacques Balthazart","authors":"Marty Leonard, Mark E. Hauber, H. James, Tony D. Williams, Karen Wiebe","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad040","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada 2Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA 3Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA 4Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada 5Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Corresponding author: mleonard@dal.ca","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130393909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-26DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad043
S. Oyler‐McCance, Brooke Bateman, Nathan W Cooper, K. Fraser, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, C. Guglielmo, J. M. Cardoso da Silva, A. Tossas, Casey Youngflesh
1U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 2National Audubon Society, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 3Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 5Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 6University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 7Department of Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA 8Urb Los Versalles, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA 9Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Corresponding author: soyler@usgs.gov
{"title":"2023 AOS Florence Merriam Bailey Award to Allison E. Huysman","authors":"S. Oyler‐McCance, Brooke Bateman, Nathan W Cooper, K. Fraser, E. MacDougall-Shackleton, C. Guglielmo, J. M. Cardoso da Silva, A. Tossas, Casey Youngflesh","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad043","url":null,"abstract":"1U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 2National Audubon Society, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 3Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 5Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 6University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada 7Department of Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA 8Urb Los Versalles, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA 9Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Corresponding author: soyler@usgs.gov","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116543018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad036
K. Arnold
{"title":"The Bird Name Book: A History of English Bird Names","authors":"K. Arnold","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125550217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad038
Lydia R. W. McLean, T. Horton, B. Robertson, F. Robertson, Amanda L. Greer, Ximena J. Nelson
ABSTRACT New Zealand's endangered mountain parrot, the Kea (Nestor notabilis), exhibits moderate male-biased sexual size dimorphism in linear body measurements (∼5%) and a pronounced dimorphism in bill size (12–14%). Using stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen in Kea feathers and blood sampled from a significant portion (∼10%) of the extant population, we determined that Kea bill dimorphism may be an ecologically selected trait that enhances male Kea's ability to forage at a higher trophic level in order to provision females and offspring during nesting. Sexual dimorphism can arise through sexual selection, ecological drivers, or a combination of both. Ecological selection is associated with foraging niche divergence between the sexes to reduce inter-sexual competition or due to differing dietary needs associated with reproductive role. Despite the widespread occurrence of sexual dimorphism throughout the animal kingdom, empirical evidence for ecological causation is rare. We conducted the first molecular confirmation of sexual size dimorphism in Kea. We then employed Bayesian mixing models to explore potential correlations between diet and bill size to determine whether the dimorphism is linked to diet partitioning throughout all age classes (fledgling, juvenile, subadult, and adult). Female Kea foraged at a consistent, relatively low, trophic level throughout their lifetime, whereas male trophic level increased with age to a maximum at subadult stage, prior to breeding for the first time—a time in which males may have been actively learning extractive foraging techniques associated with a high protein diet. Adult males foraged at a high trophic level relative to all groups except subadult males. As males provision females on the nest, which in turn provision young, these results highlight that the evolution of morphology and reproductive output may be linked in circuitous ways. LAY SUMMARY Males and females of a species commonly differ in size and shape. This may be due to selection for features that enhance reproductive success through their role in courtship and mating. Sexual dimorphism can also result from differing ecological needs enhancing survivability per se, such as reducing food competition between the sexes, or due to differing reproductive roles. Male and female Kea parrots differ in bill and body size. The cause of bill size difference may be linked to dietary differences. We compared stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in Kea feathers and blood to potential food sources to determine Kea diet. Adult male Kea eat more animal matter than females and younger males. The male's larger bill may facilitate extracting high protein (animal) food sources needed for nest provisioning during the reproductive season, leading to selection for a larger bill size. RESUMEN Nestor notabilis, el loro de montaña en peligro de extinción de Nueva Zelanda, muestra un moderado dimorfismo sexual con un sesgo hacia los machos en las medidas lin
{"title":"Reproductive roles as likely drivers of sexual dimorphism in New Zealand's endangered mountain parrot, the Kea","authors":"Lydia R. W. McLean, T. Horton, B. Robertson, F. Robertson, Amanda L. Greer, Ximena J. Nelson","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad038","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New Zealand's endangered mountain parrot, the Kea (Nestor notabilis), exhibits moderate male-biased sexual size dimorphism in linear body measurements (∼5%) and a pronounced dimorphism in bill size (12–14%). Using stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen in Kea feathers and blood sampled from a significant portion (∼10%) of the extant population, we determined that Kea bill dimorphism may be an ecologically selected trait that enhances male Kea's ability to forage at a higher trophic level in order to provision females and offspring during nesting. Sexual dimorphism can arise through sexual selection, ecological drivers, or a combination of both. Ecological selection is associated with foraging niche divergence between the sexes to reduce inter-sexual competition or due to differing dietary needs associated with reproductive role. Despite the widespread occurrence of sexual dimorphism throughout the animal kingdom, empirical evidence for ecological causation is rare. We conducted the first molecular confirmation of sexual size dimorphism in Kea. We then employed Bayesian mixing models to explore potential correlations between diet and bill size to determine whether the dimorphism is linked to diet partitioning throughout all age classes (fledgling, juvenile, subadult, and adult). Female Kea foraged at a consistent, relatively low, trophic level throughout their lifetime, whereas male trophic level increased with age to a maximum at subadult stage, prior to breeding for the first time—a time in which males may have been actively learning extractive foraging techniques associated with a high protein diet. Adult males foraged at a high trophic level relative to all groups except subadult males. As males provision females on the nest, which in turn provision young, these results highlight that the evolution of morphology and reproductive output may be linked in circuitous ways. LAY SUMMARY Males and females of a species commonly differ in size and shape. This may be due to selection for features that enhance reproductive success through their role in courtship and mating. Sexual dimorphism can also result from differing ecological needs enhancing survivability per se, such as reducing food competition between the sexes, or due to differing reproductive roles. Male and female Kea parrots differ in bill and body size. The cause of bill size difference may be linked to dietary differences. We compared stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in Kea feathers and blood to potential food sources to determine Kea diet. Adult male Kea eat more animal matter than females and younger males. The male's larger bill may facilitate extracting high protein (animal) food sources needed for nest provisioning during the reproductive season, leading to selection for a larger bill size. RESUMEN Nestor notabilis, el loro de montaña en peligro de extinción de Nueva Zelanda, muestra un moderado dimorfismo sexual con un sesgo hacia los machos en las medidas lin","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124461262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad033
Angela N. Theodosopoulos, Kathryn C. Grabenstein, Mia E Larrieu, Vanessa Arnold, S. Taylor
ABSTRACT Hemosporidian parasite communities are broadly similar in Boulder County, Colorado, between two common songbirds––the Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli). However, Mountain Chickadees appear more likely to be infected with Plasmodium and potentially experience higher infection burdens with Leucocytozoon in contrast to Black-capped Chickadees. We found that elevation change (and associated ecology) drives the distributions of these parasite genera. For Boulder County chickadees, environmental factors play a more important role in structuring hemosporidian communities than host evolutionary differences. However, evolutionary differences are likely key to shaping the probability of infection, infection burden, and whether an infection remains detectable over time. We found that for recaptured birds, their infection status (i.e. presence or absence of detectable parasite infection) tends to remain consistent across capture periods. We sampled 235 chickadees between 2017 and 2021 across a ∼1,500-m elevation gradient from low elevation (i.e. the city of Boulder) to comparatively high elevation (i.e. the CU Boulder Mountain Research Station). It is unknown whether long-term hemosporidian abundance trends have changed over time in our sampling region. However, we ask whether potentially disparate patterns of Plasmodium susceptibility and Leucocytozoon infection burden could be playing a role in the negative population trends of Mountain Chickadees. LAY SUMMARY Hemosporidians are a diverse group of vector-transmitted parasites that infect birds and include the genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium (the cause of avian malaria). Whether the diversity of these parasites is shaped more by avian evolutionary history or environment is still unclear. We therefore surveyed two closely related avian species, the Black-capped Chickadee and Mountain Chickadee, for these parasites spanning a gradient of habitats shaped by elevation. We found that parasite communities differed more from elevation change than between Black-capped and Mountain Chickadees. Mountain Chickadees sampled at low elevation were more likely to be infected with Plasmodium parasites than Black-capped Chickadees. Mountain Chickadees also might experience a higher infection burden from Leucocytozoon parasites. Elevation change appears to be a strong driver of parasite community diversity, but chickadee evolutionary history might influence the probability of infection, infection burden, and whether infections remain detectable over time. RESUMEN Las comunidades de parásitos haemosporidianos son muy similares en el Condado de Boulder, Colorado, entre dos aves canoras comunes: Poecile atricapillus y P. gambeli. Sin embargo, los individuos de P. gambeli parecen tener más probabilidades de estar infectados con Plasmodium y potencialmente experimentan cargas de infección más altas con Leucocytozoon en contraste con los individuos de
在科罗拉多州博尔德县，两种常见的鸣禽——黑顶山雀(Poecile atricapillus)和山山雀(Poecile gambeli)之间的含血孢子虫寄生虫群落大致相似。然而，与黑冠山雀相比，山雀似乎更容易感染疟原虫，并且白细胞原虫的感染负担可能更高。我们发现海拔变化(以及相关的生态)驱动了这些寄生虫属的分布。对于博尔德县的山雀来说，环境因素在构建带血孢子虫群落中扮演的角色比宿主进化差异更重要。然而，进化差异可能是影响感染概率、感染负担以及感染是否随时间推移而保持可检测性的关键。我们发现，对于重新捕获的鸟类，它们的感染状态(即是否存在可检测的寄生虫感染)在捕获期间往往保持一致。我们在2017年至2021年间，从低海拔(即博尔德市)到相对较高的海拔(即科罗拉多大学博尔德山研究站)，在约1500米的海拔梯度上取样了235只山雀。目前尚不清楚在我们的采样地区，长期的血孢子虫丰度趋势是否随着时间的推移而改变。然而，我们想知道是否潜在的疟原虫易感性和白细胞感染负担的不同模式可能在山山雀的负种群趋势中发挥作用。血孢子虫是一种多种媒介传播的寄生虫，可感染鸟类，包括嗜血杆菌属、白细胞原虫属和疟原虫(禽疟的病因)。这些寄生虫的多样性是由鸟类的进化史还是环境决定的，目前还不清楚。因此，我们调查了两个密切相关的鸟类物种，黑顶山雀和山山雀，以寻找这些寄生虫，这些寄生虫跨越了海拔形成的栖息地梯度。研究发现，与山雀相比，黑冠山雀寄生群落的差异更大。低海拔山区山雀比黑冠山雀更易感染疟原虫。山山雀也可能经历更高的感染负担从白细胞原虫寄生虫。海拔变化似乎是寄生虫群落多样性的一个强大驱动因素，但山雀的进化史可能会影响感染的可能性、感染负担以及感染是否随时间推移而保持可检测性。在科罗拉多州博尔德的孔达多，有许多类似的地方，如:美洲棘球线虫和甘贝利线虫。在此基础上，研究了不同个体间的甘螺旋体亲缘关系más不同个体间的恒星感染与疟原虫的可能性;不同个体间的金黄色螺旋体亲缘关系infección más。调查elevación (ecología协会)确定distribución对parásitos的调查。关于博尔德孔达多个体的研究，环境因素研究desempeñan，论文más important en la estructuración关于人类进化差异的研究。在此之前，两种可能的进化差异存在于两种情况下，一种是确定的可能性，一种是确定的可能性，一种是确定的可能性，一种是确定的可能性，一种是确定的可能性，一种是确定的可能性。Encontramos que, para as aves recapturadas, su estado de infección(即，存在可检测到的ausencia infección或parásitos)是一个永久的常数，即períodos de capture。2017年至2021年，博物馆235个个体de Poecile中心一个lo largo de un gradiente de elevación de proximadamente 1500 m desde una elevación baja(即la ciudad de Boulder) hasta una elevación comparativamente alta(即la Estación de Investigación de Montaña de la university of Colorado en Boulder)。这是一个大的广场，而不是一个大广场，一个大广场，一个大广场，一个大广场，一个大广场。在此基础上，研究人员对疟原虫的易感性进行了研究，并对疟原虫的易感性进行了研究，研究结果为infección白细胞原虫podrían star desempeñando。
{"title":"Similar parasite communities but dissimilar infection patterns in two closely related chickadee species","authors":"Angela N. Theodosopoulos, Kathryn C. Grabenstein, Mia E Larrieu, Vanessa Arnold, S. Taylor","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad033","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hemosporidian parasite communities are broadly similar in Boulder County, Colorado, between two common songbirds––the Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli). However, Mountain Chickadees appear more likely to be infected with Plasmodium and potentially experience higher infection burdens with Leucocytozoon in contrast to Black-capped Chickadees. We found that elevation change (and associated ecology) drives the distributions of these parasite genera. For Boulder County chickadees, environmental factors play a more important role in structuring hemosporidian communities than host evolutionary differences. However, evolutionary differences are likely key to shaping the probability of infection, infection burden, and whether an infection remains detectable over time. We found that for recaptured birds, their infection status (i.e. presence or absence of detectable parasite infection) tends to remain consistent across capture periods. We sampled 235 chickadees between 2017 and 2021 across a ∼1,500-m elevation gradient from low elevation (i.e. the city of Boulder) to comparatively high elevation (i.e. the CU Boulder Mountain Research Station). It is unknown whether long-term hemosporidian abundance trends have changed over time in our sampling region. However, we ask whether potentially disparate patterns of Plasmodium susceptibility and Leucocytozoon infection burden could be playing a role in the negative population trends of Mountain Chickadees. LAY SUMMARY Hemosporidians are a diverse group of vector-transmitted parasites that infect birds and include the genera Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium (the cause of avian malaria). Whether the diversity of these parasites is shaped more by avian evolutionary history or environment is still unclear. We therefore surveyed two closely related avian species, the Black-capped Chickadee and Mountain Chickadee, for these parasites spanning a gradient of habitats shaped by elevation. We found that parasite communities differed more from elevation change than between Black-capped and Mountain Chickadees. Mountain Chickadees sampled at low elevation were more likely to be infected with Plasmodium parasites than Black-capped Chickadees. Mountain Chickadees also might experience a higher infection burden from Leucocytozoon parasites. Elevation change appears to be a strong driver of parasite community diversity, but chickadee evolutionary history might influence the probability of infection, infection burden, and whether infections remain detectable over time. RESUMEN Las comunidades de parásitos haemosporidianos son muy similares en el Condado de Boulder, Colorado, entre dos aves canoras comunes: Poecile atricapillus y P. gambeli. Sin embargo, los individuos de P. gambeli parecen tener más probabilidades de estar infectados con Plasmodium y potencialmente experimentan cargas de infección más altas con Leucocytozoon en contraste con los individuos de","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad037
Logan M. Maxwell, J. Walsh, Brian J. Olsen, A. Kovach
ABSTRACT Hybridization and introgression can promote adaptive potential and evolutionary resilience in response to increased pressures of climate change; they can also disrupt local adaptation and lead to outbreeding depression. We investigated female fitness consequences of hybridization in two sister species that are endemic to a threatened tidal marsh ecosystem: Saltmarsh (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson's (Ammospiza nelsoni) sparrows. We found increasing nest flooding rates due to rising sea levels are outpacing potential adaptive benefits of hybridization due to very low overall nesting success in both the Nelson's and Saltmarsh sparrows. In the center of the hybrid zone across two years, we determined the success of 201 nests of 104 pure and admixed Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrow females, genotyped using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. We evaluated 5 metrics of female fitness and modeled nesting success in relation to genotypic, environmental, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson's, and hybrid females, such that birds with predominantly Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson's Sparrows alleles, and hybrids were intermediate. Fledging success increased with two known tidal marsh nesting adaptations: nest height and nesting synchrony with tidal cycles. We found a positive relationship between hybrid index and fitness in daily nest survival in 2016, but not in 2017, likely due to differing levels of precipitation and nest flooding between years. The strongest and most consistent predictors of daily nest survival were nesting synchrony with lunar tidal flooding cycles and daily maximum tide height. Fitness patterns suggest that there may be an adaptive benefit of interspecific geneflow for the Nelson's Sparrow at the detriment of the Saltmarsh Sparrow; however, flooding rates are so high in many years they mask any fitness differences between the species, and all females had poor nesting success, regardless of genetic makeup. LAY SUMMARY This study explores female fitness consequences of hybridization between Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows. We evaluated 5 metrics of female fitness, and modeled nesting success in relation to genotype, environment, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson's, and hybrid females, such that birds with more Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson's Sparrow alleles, and hybrids had intermediate success. The most consistent predictors of nest survival and fledging success were daily maximum tide height and female nesting adaptations that mitigate the risk of nest flooding. High rates of nest flooding due to rising sea levels may be masking species-specific effects and fitness consequences of hybridization due to very low overall nesti
杂交和基因渐渗可以提高植物的适应潜力和进化弹性，以应对日益增加的气候变化压力;它们还会破坏当地的适应性，导致近亲繁殖的萧条。我们研究了濒危潮汐沼泽生态系统特有的两种姐妹物种:盐沼麻雀(Ammospiza caudacutus)和尼尔森麻雀(Ammospiza nelsoni)杂交对雌性适合度的影响。我们发现，由于海平面上升导致的巢淹率增加，超过了杂交的潜在适应性效益，因为尼尔森麻雀和盐沼麻雀的总体筑巢成功率都很低。在杂交区域的中心，我们用双消化限制性位点相关DNA (ddRAD)测序的单核苷酸多态性(snp)进行了基因分型，确定了104只纯种和混合型盐沼泽麻雀和纳尔逊麻雀雌性的201个巢的成功。我们评估了雌性健康的5个指标，并建立了与基因型、环境和筑巢特征相关的筑巢成功模型。我们发现在盐沼雀、尼尔森雀和杂交雀雌性之间存在着不同的适合度，因此以盐沼雀等位基因为主的鸟类比以尼尔森雀等位基因为主的鸟类有更高的繁殖成功率，杂交雀是中间的。有两种已知的潮汐沼泽筑巢适应性增加了雏鸟的成活率:巢高和筑巢与潮汐周期的同步。我们发现，2016年的杂交指数与日常巢穴生存的适应度呈正相关，但在2017年却没有，这可能是由于不同年份的降水和巢穴洪水水平不同。筑巢周期与月潮洪水周期和日最大潮高的同步是预测日巢存活率的最强和最一致的指标。适应度模式表明，种间基因流动可能对尼尔森麻雀有利，而对盐沼麻雀不利;然而，多年来的洪水泛滥率如此之高，掩盖了物种之间的适应性差异，无论基因构成如何，所有雌性都没有成功筑巢。本研究探讨了萨尔马什麻雀和尼尔森麻雀杂交对雌性适应性的影响。我们评估了5个雌性适合度指标，并建立了与基因型、环境和筑巢特征相关的筑巢成功率模型。我们发现，盐沼雀、尼尔森雀和杂交雀的适合度存在差异，具有较多盐沼雀等位基因的鸟类比主要具有尼尔森雀等位基因的鸟类具有更高的繁殖成功率，而杂交雀的繁殖成功率为中等。巢生存和雏鸟成功的最一致的预测指标是每日最大潮汐高度和雌性筑巢适应，减少了巢被洪水淹没的风险。由于两种物种总体筑巢成功率非常低，海平面上升导致的高巢淹率可能掩盖了物种特异性效应和杂交的适应性后果。RESUMEN La hibridación y La introgresión促进因子-潜在适应性- La resiliencia evolutiva en respuesta a las crecientes presiones del cambio climático;tamamaciman在interrumpir la adaptación local y llevar a depresión híbrida。调查研究了黄斑病的遗传变异hibridación和遗传变异biológica和黄斑病的遗传变异，以及黄斑病的遗传变异:黄斑病的遗传变异。在<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中，<s:1>新技术发展的过程中。区域研究中心híbrida、区域研究中心años、区域研究中心2011年的研究中心和区域研究中心，区域研究中心和区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心和区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心和区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心和区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，区域研究中心的研究中心，restricción区域研究中心digestión。Evaluamos cinco de aptitud metricas de las hembras y modelamos de nidificacion en el exito relacion con caracteristicas genotipicas, y de nidificacion环境保护。Encontramos una aptitud diferencial之间las hembras de a . caudacutus a . nelsoni y las hibridas de modo,拉斯维加斯鸟类con alelos predominantemente de a caudacutus tuvieron联合国市长exito reproductivo,拉斯维加斯鸟类con alelos predominantemente de a . nelsoni y las hibridas estuvieron en una posicion媒介物。通过<s:1>电子通讯条例条例aumentó与<s:1>电子通讯条例条例nidificación与电子通讯条例条例:通过电子通讯条例sincronización与电子通讯条例nidificación与电子通讯条例条例条例条例条例。Encontramos una relación positiva entre el índice de hibridación y la aptitud en la supervivencia diaria de los nidos en 2016, pero no en 2017, probablemente debido a不同的niveles de precipitación e inundación de los nidos entre años。
{"title":"Climate change outpaces adaptive potential via hybridization in nesting female Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows","authors":"Logan M. Maxwell, J. Walsh, Brian J. Olsen, A. Kovach","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hybridization and introgression can promote adaptive potential and evolutionary resilience in response to increased pressures of climate change; they can also disrupt local adaptation and lead to outbreeding depression. We investigated female fitness consequences of hybridization in two sister species that are endemic to a threatened tidal marsh ecosystem: Saltmarsh (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson's (Ammospiza nelsoni) sparrows. We found increasing nest flooding rates due to rising sea levels are outpacing potential adaptive benefits of hybridization due to very low overall nesting success in both the Nelson's and Saltmarsh sparrows. In the center of the hybrid zone across two years, we determined the success of 201 nests of 104 pure and admixed Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrow females, genotyped using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. We evaluated 5 metrics of female fitness and modeled nesting success in relation to genotypic, environmental, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson's, and hybrid females, such that birds with predominantly Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson's Sparrows alleles, and hybrids were intermediate. Fledging success increased with two known tidal marsh nesting adaptations: nest height and nesting synchrony with tidal cycles. We found a positive relationship between hybrid index and fitness in daily nest survival in 2016, but not in 2017, likely due to differing levels of precipitation and nest flooding between years. The strongest and most consistent predictors of daily nest survival were nesting synchrony with lunar tidal flooding cycles and daily maximum tide height. Fitness patterns suggest that there may be an adaptive benefit of interspecific geneflow for the Nelson's Sparrow at the detriment of the Saltmarsh Sparrow; however, flooding rates are so high in many years they mask any fitness differences between the species, and all females had poor nesting success, regardless of genetic makeup. LAY SUMMARY This study explores female fitness consequences of hybridization between Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows. We evaluated 5 metrics of female fitness, and modeled nesting success in relation to genotype, environment, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson's, and hybrid females, such that birds with more Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson's Sparrow alleles, and hybrids had intermediate success. The most consistent predictors of nest survival and fledging success were daily maximum tide height and female nesting adaptations that mitigate the risk of nest flooding. High rates of nest flooding due to rising sea levels may be masking species-specific effects and fitness consequences of hybridization due to very low overall nesti","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134382166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad031
Samantha L Rogers, B. Verrelli, P. Bukaveckas, Elizabeth M. Ames, J. Youtz, T. Boves, Erik I. Johnson, C. Tonra, L. Bulluck
ABSTRACT Riparian avian insectivores not only depend on terrestrial insect prey but also benefit from the inclusion of aquatic prey during critical life-history periods. Diets identified herein show that Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) nestlings were provisioned with aquatic prey throughout the breeding season across their range, but with variation in prey frequency of occurrence and taxonomy. Anthropogenic activity and climate change may impact the trophic link especially between aquatic and riparian habitats by altering the presence, abundance, and timing of prey availability. Thus, we used DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples to quantify the frequency of occurrence of nestling diet items at 9 sites across their breeding range that differed in expected aquatic prey consumption. We analyzed spatial and temporal differences in the occurrence and multivariate diet assemblages of each prey source. Lepidoptera was the predominant terrestrial prey occurring in diets across space and time, whereas emergent aquatic insects and freshwater mollusks in aquatic diet exhibited greater variation. The frequency of emergent aquatic prey occurrence in nestling diets ranged from 61% to 100% across sites and was greater for early-season nestlings. The seasonal decrease in aquatic prey consumption indicates a potential temporal shift in the nutritional landscape from aquatic to terrestrial prey sources and a possible nutritional phenological mismatch for early nestlings as climate change advances the timing of insect emergence. Our findings also suggest that Prothonotary Warblers respond to environmental variability by consuming alternative prey and argue for future research investigating the extent to which shifting diets have nutritional consequences for riparian nestlings. LAY SUMMARY Prothonotary Warblers rely on wetland habitats, making them well-suited to understanding how consumers of aquatic prey respond to natural variability in prey over space and time and to wetland conditions that are degraded by human activities. By using a DNA approach, we identify a broader range of aquatic and terrestrial diet items consumed by warbler nestlings than has been documented by visual observations. We show that nestlings were regularly fed aquatic prey throughout their breeding range but varied in their aquatic diet composition, possibly due to differences in habitat composition, flooding, and impacts from nearby development and agriculture. We also found that more early-season nestling diets contained emergent aquatic insects such as mayflies, whereas more late-season nestling diets contained mollusks and terrestrial insects, suggesting a shift in diet sources over the breeding season. RESUMEN Las aves insectívoras ribereñas no solo dependen de presas de insectos terrestres, sino que también se benefician de la inclusión de presas acuáticas durante períodos críticos de su historia de vida. Las dietas identificadas aquí muestran que los polluelos de Protonotari
河岸鸟类食虫动物不仅依赖于陆生昆虫的猎物，而且在关键的生活史时期也受益于水生猎物。研究表明，在整个繁殖季节，原腹莺(Protonotaria citrea)的雏鸟都以水生猎物为食，但猎物发生的频率和分类有所不同。人类活动和气候变化可能通过改变猎物的存在、丰度和时间来影响营养联系，特别是水生和河岸栖息地之间的营养联系。因此，我们使用粪便样本的DNA元条形码来量化雏鸟饮食项目在其繁殖范围内9个地点的发生频率，这些地点的预期水生猎物消费量不同。我们分析了各猎物来源发生的时空差异和多元饮食组合。鳞翅目是主要的陆生猎物，而新兴水生昆虫和淡水软体动物在水生饮食中表现出更大的变化。不同地点雏鸟饮食中突发性水生猎物出现的频率从61%到100%不等，早季雏鸟出现的频率更高。水生猎物消费量的季节性减少表明，随着气候变化提前昆虫羽化的时间，早期雏鸟的营养物候可能会发生变化，从水生猎物到陆生猎物的营养景观可能会发生变化。我们的研究结果还表明，原翅林莺通过食用其他猎物来应对环境变化，并为未来的研究提供了依据，调查饮食变化对河岸雏鸟的营养影响程度。原食林莺依赖于湿地栖息地，这使得它们非常适合了解水生猎物的消费者如何对猎物随时间和空间的自然变化做出反应，以及对人类活动导致湿地退化的情况做出反应。通过使用DNA方法，我们确定了莺雏鸟消耗的水生和陆地饮食项目的范围比视觉观察记录的范围更广。研究表明，雏鸟在其整个繁殖范围内定期进食水生猎物，但其水生饮食组成各不相同，这可能是由于栖息地组成、洪水以及附近发展和农业的影响。我们还发现，更多的早季雏鸟的饮食中含有新兴水生昆虫，如蜉蝣，而更多的晚季雏鸟的饮食中含有软体动物和陆生昆虫，这表明在繁殖季节，饮食来源发生了变化。resume as Las aves insectívoras ribereñas no solo dependen de presas de昆虫terrestres, no no solo dependen de昆虫terrestres, no no tamamicans se benefician de la inclusión de presas acuáticas durante períodos críticos de su historia de vida。Las dietas identificadas aquí从植物的角度看，污染的角度看，植物的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度看，污染的角度。活动和人源性人格障碍- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 .贫穷的坦桑尼亚，利用数据交换系统(múltiples)的数据交换系统(código)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(9)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(área)的数据交换系统(reproducción)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(acuáticas)的数据交换系统(1)的数据交换系统(acuáticas)。analizos认为不同的空间和时间是不同的，因为货币是不同的，因为货币是不同的。鳞翅目(Lepidoptera fute la presa terrete)在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势，在陆地上占优势。“紧急事件”acuáticas“紧急事件”varió“紧急事件”由“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”“紧急事件”La disminución estacional en el consumo de presas acuáticas indica unpossible cambio temporal en el paisaje nutritiondesfuentes de presas acuáticas haacia terres y unpossible falta de sincronización fenológica nutritionpara los polluelos tempranos, a medida que el cambio climático adelanta el momento de aparición de los entomtos。对环境消费变化的研究表明，在不同的环境消费中，对不同的环境消费变化有不同的反应;在不同的环境消费中，对不同的环境消费变化有不同的反应。
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Pub Date : 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad032
Y. Seyer, G. Gauthier, J. Bêty, J. Therrien, P. Legagneux, N. Lecomte
ABSTRACT Reproduction of long-distance migrants can be affected by local conditions on the breeding grounds as well as those encountered during the nonbreeding season through carry-over effects. We show that this is true in Long-tailed Jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus) because individuals that spent less time flying at sea during winter had a high breeding propensity and a reduced pre-laying interval, but breeding propensity and nesting success were also positively associated with food abundance at the breeding site. This seabird switches from a marine to a terrestrial lifestyle to breed in summer in the Arctic, where it primarily feeds on lemmings. We monitored jaeger reproduction and lemming densities on Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic for 16 years, and we used geolocator to study annual movements. We assessed whether movement parameters (travel distance, migration duration, phenology, and number of flying bouts inferred by saltwater immersions) during the nonbreeding season affected the breeding propensity, phenology, and success of individuals. We also examined whether cyclic lemming fluctuations influenced Long-tailed Jaeger reproduction and whether nesting success affected the phenology of their outbound migration. We found that increased time spent flying during winter and early arrival at the breeding site reduced breeding propensity. Moreover, spending less time flying during winter shortened the pre-laying period, and advancing laying date increased nesting success. Birds may thus face a trade-off to minimize the relative costs associated with arriving too early and breeding too late. Local food availability had a strong effect on reproduction because breeding propensity and nesting success increased sharply with lemming abundance. Failed breeders advanced their outbound migration by 10 days on average compared to successful ones, but migration duration was similar. Therefore, the unpredictability of the highly seasonal Arctic environment, especially fluctuating food abundance, appears to be a strong driver of reproduction that can modulate the strength of carry-over effects. LAY SUMMARY Reproduction of migratory birds may be affected by both environmental conditions encountered at the breeding and wintering sites or during migration. We studied this question in Long-tailed Jaegers, a seabird that nests in the Arctic, where they feed on lemmings in summer, a prey that shows high-amplitude fluctuations in abundance. We tracked individual jaegers year-round to assess whether movement parameters during the nonbreeding season and lemming abundance in the Arctic affected their reproduction. We found that individuals that spent less time flying at sea during winter had a higher chance to breed and that high lemming abundance at the breeding site also increased both the chance of breeding and nesting success. We conclude that conditions encountered in distant ecosystems in winter can also affect the reproduction of migratory birds breedin
远距离候鸟的繁殖会受到繁殖地的当地条件以及非繁殖期遇到的条件的结转效应的影响。我们发现，这在长尾Jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus)中是正确的，因为冬季在海上飞行时间较少的个体具有较高的繁殖倾向和较短的预产卵间隔，但繁殖倾向和筑巢成功率也与繁殖地的食物丰度呈正相关。这种海鸟从海洋生活方式转变为陆地生活方式，在夏季在北极繁殖，在那里它主要以旅鼠为食。我们在加拿大北极的Bylot岛上监测了16年的机格尔繁殖和旅鼠密度，并使用地理定位器研究了每年的运动。我们评估了非繁殖季节的运动参数(飞行距离、迁徙持续时间、物候和通过海水浸没推断的飞行次数)是否会影响个体的繁殖倾向、物候和成功。我们还研究了旅鼠的周期性波动是否影响长尾Jaeger的繁殖，以及筑巢成功是否影响其出境迁徙的物候。我们发现冬季飞行时间的增加和早期到达繁殖地降低了繁殖倾向。此外，冬季飞行时间的减少缩短了产卵前的时间，提前产卵日期增加了筑巢成功率。因此，鸟类可能会面临一种权衡，以尽量减少过早到达和太晚繁殖所带来的相对成本。当地食物供应对繁殖有强烈的影响，因为繁殖倾向和筑巢成功率随着旅鼠数量的增加而急剧增加。繁殖失败者比繁殖成功者平均提前10天出外迁移，但迁移时间相似。因此，北极高度季节性环境的不可预测性，特别是食物丰度的波动，似乎是繁殖的一个强大驱动力，可以调节结转效应的强度。候鸟的繁殖可能受到繁殖地和越冬地或迁徙过程中所遇到的环境条件的影响。我们在长尾耶格斯身上研究了这个问题，长尾耶格斯是一种在北极筑巢的海鸟，夏天它们以旅鼠为食，这种猎物的丰度波动很大。我们全年都在追踪单个猎鸟者，以评估非繁殖季节的运动参数和北极旅鼠的数量是否会影响它们的繁殖。我们发现，冬季在海上飞行时间较少的个体有更高的繁殖机会，繁殖地的高旅鼠数量也增加了繁殖和筑巢成功的机会。我们的结论是，冬季在遥远的生态系统中遇到的条件也会影响候鸟在高度可变和不可预测的环境中繁殖的繁殖。RÉSUMÉ长距离迁徙者的繁殖方式être影响了与其他条件、地点、地点、繁殖方式、细胞和其他条件相一致的个体，影响了与其他条件相一致的个体，影响了与其他条件相一致的个体。长尾胸胸肌病(Stercorarius longicaudus)，长尾胸肌病(Stercorarius longicaudus)，长尾胸肌病(Stercorarius longicaudus)，长尾胸肌病，长尾胸肌病，长尾胸肌病，长尾胸肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病，长尾肌病我们的研究表明，我们的研究通过了一种新的研究模式，即通过了一种新的研究模式，即通过了一种新的研究模式，即通过了一种新的研究模式，即通过了一种新的研究模式。而我们suivi la繁殖de s longicaudus et莱斯登斯炸药de旅鼠吊坠16 ans苏尔凭Bylot,在l 'Arctique法裔加拿大人,等我们已经利用des geolocalisateurs afin并les所属annuels在这个种。Nous avons ons valueise les parpartres de dsamicement(距离、移徙、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换)，以及交换交换、交换交换、交换交换、交换交换和交换交换。Nous avons aussi研究了旅鼠种群的波动周期对长尾沙鼠种群繁殖的影响，以及旅鼠种群的成功鉴定对旅鼠种群繁殖后迁移的影响。Nous avons trouvous que l'augmentation du temps de volps en hiver et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et et…当然，“过去的事实”是指“过去的事实”，“过去的事实”是指“过去的事实”，“过去的事实”是指“过去的事实”，“过去的事实”是指“过去的事实”，“成功的事实”。 因此，鸟类可能面临着一个折衷方案，以限制过早到达和太晚筑巢的相对成本。当地食物的可获得性对繁殖有重要影响，因为随着旅鼠数量的增加，繁殖倾向和筑巢成功率急剧增加。与成功的繁殖鸟类相比，繁殖失败的繁殖鸟类平均提前10天迁徙，但迁徙时间相似。因此，高度季节性的北极环境的不可预测性，特别是食物供应的波动，似乎是繁殖的强大催化剂，可以调节延迟效应的强度。
{"title":"Local food availability and nonbreeding carry-over effects affect breeding propensity and success of a tundra-nesting predator, the Long-tailed Jaeger","authors":"Y. Seyer, G. Gauthier, J. Bêty, J. Therrien, P. Legagneux, N. Lecomte","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad032","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reproduction of long-distance migrants can be affected by local conditions on the breeding grounds as well as those encountered during the nonbreeding season through carry-over effects. We show that this is true in Long-tailed Jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus) because individuals that spent less time flying at sea during winter had a high breeding propensity and a reduced pre-laying interval, but breeding propensity and nesting success were also positively associated with food abundance at the breeding site. This seabird switches from a marine to a terrestrial lifestyle to breed in summer in the Arctic, where it primarily feeds on lemmings. We monitored jaeger reproduction and lemming densities on Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic for 16 years, and we used geolocator to study annual movements. We assessed whether movement parameters (travel distance, migration duration, phenology, and number of flying bouts inferred by saltwater immersions) during the nonbreeding season affected the breeding propensity, phenology, and success of individuals. We also examined whether cyclic lemming fluctuations influenced Long-tailed Jaeger reproduction and whether nesting success affected the phenology of their outbound migration. We found that increased time spent flying during winter and early arrival at the breeding site reduced breeding propensity. Moreover, spending less time flying during winter shortened the pre-laying period, and advancing laying date increased nesting success. Birds may thus face a trade-off to minimize the relative costs associated with arriving too early and breeding too late. Local food availability had a strong effect on reproduction because breeding propensity and nesting success increased sharply with lemming abundance. Failed breeders advanced their outbound migration by 10 days on average compared to successful ones, but migration duration was similar. Therefore, the unpredictability of the highly seasonal Arctic environment, especially fluctuating food abundance, appears to be a strong driver of reproduction that can modulate the strength of carry-over effects. LAY SUMMARY Reproduction of migratory birds may be affected by both environmental conditions encountered at the breeding and wintering sites or during migration. We studied this question in Long-tailed Jaegers, a seabird that nests in the Arctic, where they feed on lemmings in summer, a prey that shows high-amplitude fluctuations in abundance. We tracked individual jaegers year-round to assess whether movement parameters during the nonbreeding season and lemming abundance in the Arctic affected their reproduction. We found that individuals that spent less time flying at sea during winter had a higher chance to breed and that high lemming abundance at the breeding site also increased both the chance of breeding and nesting success. We conclude that conditions encountered in distant ecosystems in winter can also affect the reproduction of migratory birds breedin","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124876803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukad030
Kim Savides, Clark S. Rushing
ABSTRACT Documenting and understanding sex-specific variation in migratory phenology is important for predicting avian population dynamics. In spring, males often arrive on the breeding grounds before females (protandry), though whether these patterns result from fitness benefits vs. sex-specific constraints on arrival timing remains poorly understood. Sex-specific variation in the timing of fall migration is less well-documented than in spring, in part because documenting fall departures is often limited by cryptic behaviors, lower vocalization rates, and shifting territory boundaries during this time of year. We used 2 years of high-resolution encounter data from radio-frequency identification (RFID)-equipped bird feeders to monitor the daily presence of male and female Lazuli Buntings (Passerina amoena) throughout the breeding season at a high and a low-elevation site in Cache County, Utah, USA. These encounter data were used to estimate daily arrival and departure probabilities and to investigate possible differences in migration timing in relation to sex and elevation. At low elevation, male arrival (n = 15) preceded female arrival (n = 16) by ∼1 week, consistent with previous research that has documented protandry in other migratory songbirds. At high elevation, however, no significant differences were found between male (n = 19) and female arrival (n = 6). In fall, we found little difference in departure dates between elevation or sex, or between years. Our observations are most consistent with constraint-based hypotheses explaining protandry, possibly relating to sex-specific constraints operating during the nonbreeding period. We additionally emphasize the need for quantifying uncertainty in phenological estimates and importance of addressing potential differences across demographic groups. LAY SUMMARY Documenting arrivals and departures of migratory birds to and from the breeding grounds is important for understanding whether and how individuals time these events to coincide with conditions that maximize survival and reproduction. But measuring arrivals and departure dates is challenging because birds may be difficult to detect during these periods. We used bird feeders that automatically record visits by individual marked birds to model arrival and departure dates of male and female Lazuli Buntings at low and high-elevation breeding sites in northern Utah, USA. We found evidence that males arrive in spring before females (protandry) at low-elevation breeding sites, but at high-elevation sites the timing of male and female arrivals did not differ. We found no difference in fall departure timing between the sexes or elevations. Male birds are typically thought to arrive before females to acquire better breeding locations and engage in more breeding opportunities. But in the similarity between male and female arrival times at high elevations suggest that protandry might be more related to constraints on the timing of female arrival, rathe
{"title":"Elevational differences in migration phenology of Lazuli Buntings do not support selection-based hypotheses for protandry","authors":"Kim Savides, Clark S. Rushing","doi":"10.1093/ornithology/ukad030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithology/ukad030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Documenting and understanding sex-specific variation in migratory phenology is important for predicting avian population dynamics. In spring, males often arrive on the breeding grounds before females (protandry), though whether these patterns result from fitness benefits vs. sex-specific constraints on arrival timing remains poorly understood. Sex-specific variation in the timing of fall migration is less well-documented than in spring, in part because documenting fall departures is often limited by cryptic behaviors, lower vocalization rates, and shifting territory boundaries during this time of year. We used 2 years of high-resolution encounter data from radio-frequency identification (RFID)-equipped bird feeders to monitor the daily presence of male and female Lazuli Buntings (Passerina amoena) throughout the breeding season at a high and a low-elevation site in Cache County, Utah, USA. These encounter data were used to estimate daily arrival and departure probabilities and to investigate possible differences in migration timing in relation to sex and elevation. At low elevation, male arrival (n = 15) preceded female arrival (n = 16) by ∼1 week, consistent with previous research that has documented protandry in other migratory songbirds. At high elevation, however, no significant differences were found between male (n = 19) and female arrival (n = 6). In fall, we found little difference in departure dates between elevation or sex, or between years. Our observations are most consistent with constraint-based hypotheses explaining protandry, possibly relating to sex-specific constraints operating during the nonbreeding period. We additionally emphasize the need for quantifying uncertainty in phenological estimates and importance of addressing potential differences across demographic groups. LAY SUMMARY Documenting arrivals and departures of migratory birds to and from the breeding grounds is important for understanding whether and how individuals time these events to coincide with conditions that maximize survival and reproduction. But measuring arrivals and departure dates is challenging because birds may be difficult to detect during these periods. We used bird feeders that automatically record visits by individual marked birds to model arrival and departure dates of male and female Lazuli Buntings at low and high-elevation breeding sites in northern Utah, USA. We found evidence that males arrive in spring before females (protandry) at low-elevation breeding sites, but at high-elevation sites the timing of male and female arrivals did not differ. We found no difference in fall departure timing between the sexes or elevations. Male birds are typically thought to arrive before females to acquire better breeding locations and engage in more breeding opportunities. But in the similarity between male and female arrival times at high elevations suggest that protandry might be more related to constraints on the timing of female arrival, rathe","PeriodicalId":382448,"journal":{"name":"The Auk","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122397238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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