Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.015
María Antonia Flores-Córdova, Miguel Matas, Sandra Pérez, María Rodríguez, Nora Salas, Mayra Soto, Esteban Sánchez-Chávez
Environmental pollution, food sufficiency, and health are among the main challenges for sustainable crop production in Mexico. The main tool for plant protection is chemical pesticides, but environmental safety and risks to animal and human health have prompted the community and scientists to propose alternatives for their integrated management. This has encouraged the inclusion of biological products, such as species of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp., which act against pests and pathogens in different crops, and are environmentally benign, effective and economically viable. The aim of this paper was to compile information on Trichoderma spp. regarding their taxonomy, ecology, use as biological control, isolation, culture, morphological and molecular identification, mode of action, distribution of native species, and availability of international commercial products and those produced in Mexico. For this purpose, information was selected from indexed journals and suppliers of Trichoderma spp. on open data digital platforms. The exposed information could be useful for Mexican farmers, to know, accept and use biological control with Trichodermaspp. in their crops, for the benefit of quality agriculture and pesticide-free crops. In addition, research could be generated to develop new autochthonous products based on Trichodermaspp. that are more effective against pests and diseases native to Mexico.
{"title":"Trichoderma fungi as an agricultural biological control in Mexico","authors":"María Antonia Flores-Córdova, Miguel Matas, Sandra Pérez, María Rodríguez, Nora Salas, Mayra Soto, Esteban Sánchez-Chávez","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution, food sufficiency, and health are among the main challenges for sustainable crop production in Mexico. The main tool for plant protection is chemical pesticides, but environmental safety and risks to animal and human health have prompted the community and scientists to propose alternatives for their integrated management. This has encouraged the inclusion of biological products, such as species of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp., which act against pests and pathogens in different crops, and are environmentally benign, effective and economically viable. The aim of this paper was to compile information on Trichoderma spp. regarding their taxonomy, ecology, use as biological control, isolation, culture, morphological and molecular identification, mode of action, distribution of native species, and availability of international commercial products and those produced in Mexico. For this purpose, information was selected from indexed journals and suppliers of Trichoderma spp. on open data digital platforms. The exposed information could be useful for Mexican farmers, to know, accept and use biological control with Trichodermaspp. in their crops, for the benefit of quality agriculture and pesticide-free crops. In addition, research could be generated to develop new autochthonous products based on Trichodermaspp. that are more effective against pests and diseases native to Mexico.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135055892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S olanum demissum Lindl. is one of the most valued and used species for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding due to its richness in genes for resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors. Over the years, it has been a plant of interest, mainly for its resistance to potato late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans [Mont.] de Bary.), which has led to crosses between S. demissum and S. tuberosum to obtain resistant cultivars. It has also been used for identifying physiological races of P. infestans and, recently, it has been associated with glycoalkaloids and antioxidant compounds, whose potential uses are of interest to various industries. Since there is great potential in the species S. demissum, not only as a source of resistance genes but also as a source of important bioactive compounds, this review summarizes the research conducted on the use of Solanum demissum in the breeding of cultivated potato, as well as its potential uses in other areas. In addition, areas of opportunity and limitations for breeding for resistance to late blight are highlighted to serve as a starting point for the development of new research or lines.
山楂属植物。是马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)育种中最有价值和利用的品种之一，因为它具有丰富的抗各种生物和非生物因素的基因。多年来，它一直是一种令人感兴趣的植物，主要是因为它能抵抗马铃薯晚疫病(由疫霉引起的)。] de Bary.)，这导致了葡萄球菌与葡萄球菌之间的杂交，以获得抗性品种。它还被用于鉴定病原菌的生理小种，最近，它已与糖生物碱和抗氧化化合物联系起来，其潜在用途引起了各种工业的兴趣。由于半芒葵不仅是抗性基因的来源，而且是重要的生物活性化合物的来源，因此本文综述了半芒葵在马铃薯栽培育种中的应用研究及其在其他领域的潜在应用。此外，还强调了育种抗晚疫病的机会和限制领域，以作为开发新研究或新品系的起点。
{"title":"Solanum demissum Lindl. en el mejoramiento genético de la papa","authors":"Gabriela Díaz-García, Guillermo Andrés Enciso-Maldonado, Héctor Lozoya-Saldaña","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"S olanum demissum Lindl. is one of the most valued and used species for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) breeding due to its richness in genes for resistance to various biotic and abiotic factors. Over the years, it has been a plant of interest, mainly for its resistance to potato late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans [Mont.] de Bary.), which has led to crosses between S. demissum and S. tuberosum to obtain resistant cultivars. It has also been used for identifying physiological races of P. infestans and, recently, it has been associated with glycoalkaloids and antioxidant compounds, whose potential uses are of interest to various industries. Since there is great potential in the species S. demissum, not only as a source of resistance genes but also as a source of important bioactive compounds, this review summarizes the research conducted on the use of Solanum demissum in the breeding of cultivated potato, as well as its potential uses in other areas. In addition, areas of opportunity and limitations for breeding for resistance to late blight are highlighted to serve as a starting point for the development of new research or lines.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.04.002
Ulises Enrique Campos-Ferreira, Juan Manuel González-Camacho, José Alfredo Carrillo-Salazar
Timely identification of phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops is essential to reduce production losses. Artificial intelligence algorithms facilitate their rapid and reliable identification. In this research, three learning classifiers, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were evaluated to identify three target classes (healthy fruit, anthracnose [Colletotrichum spp.] and scab [Sphaceloma perseae]) from digital fruit images. Two color descriptor extraction techniques (region selection and image subsampling) were compared with the RF classifier, and an overall classification accuracy (ACC) of 98±0.03 % with region selection and 84±0.08 % with subsampling was obtained. Subsequently, the classifiers were evaluated with color descriptors extracted with region selection. RF and MLP were superior to SVM, with an ACC of 98±0.03 %. Scab and anthracnose were identified with an F1 score of 98 %. %. The high performance of the classifiers shows the potential for applying artificial intelligence paradigms to identify phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops.
{"title":"Automatic identification of avocado fruit diseases based on machine learning and chromatic descriptors","authors":"Ulises Enrique Campos-Ferreira, Juan Manuel González-Camacho, José Alfredo Carrillo-Salazar","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Timely identification of phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops is essential to reduce production losses. Artificial intelligence algorithms facilitate their rapid and reliable identification. In this research, three learning classifiers, namely random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were evaluated to identify three target classes (healthy fruit, anthracnose [Colletotrichum spp.] and scab [Sphaceloma perseae]) from digital fruit images. Two color descriptor extraction techniques (region selection and image subsampling) were compared with the RF classifier, and an overall classification accuracy (ACC) of 98±0.03 % with region selection and 84±0.08 % with subsampling was obtained. Subsequently, the classifiers were evaluated with color descriptors extracted with region selection. RF and MLP were superior to SVM, with an ACC of 98±0.03 %. Scab and anthracnose were identified with an F1 score of 98 %. %. The high performance of the classifiers shows the potential for applying artificial intelligence paradigms to identify phytosanitary problems in agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.016
Luis Yobani Gayosso-Rosales, Reyna Isabel Rojas-Martínez, Stefan de Folter, Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez, Manuel Silva-Valenzuela, Emma Zavaleta-Mejía
The transport of sugars, a product of photosynthesis, involves the distribution of carbohydrates from synthesis organs, such as leaves, to the tissues of demand organs such as roots, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds. Their mobilization occurs through the plasmodesmata or apoplast by means of membrane transporters, which are proteins encoded by the so-called sugar transporter genes. Their expression in plants is modified by the presence of microorganisms that colonize them. Studies on their expression in plantnematode interactions are relatively recent, and in plant-beneficial endophyte fungus interactions they have been carried out mainly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this review, information on the current state of knowledge of sugar transporters in plantendophyte fungus and plant-nematode interactions is summarized.
{"title":"Sugar transporters in plant-beneficial endophytic fungus and plant-phytopathogenic nematode interactions","authors":"Luis Yobani Gayosso-Rosales, Reyna Isabel Rojas-Martínez, Stefan de Folter, Daniel Leobardo Ochoa-Martínez, Manuel Silva-Valenzuela, Emma Zavaleta-Mejía","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"The transport of sugars, a product of photosynthesis, involves the distribution of carbohydrates from synthesis organs, such as leaves, to the tissues of demand organs such as roots, stems, flowers, fruits and seeds. Their mobilization occurs through the plasmodesmata or apoplast by means of membrane transporters, which are proteins encoded by the so-called sugar transporter genes. Their expression in plants is modified by the presence of microorganisms that colonize them. Studies on their expression in plantnematode interactions are relatively recent, and in plant-beneficial endophyte fungus interactions they have been carried out mainly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this review, information on the current state of knowledge of sugar transporters in plantendophyte fungus and plant-nematode interactions is summarized.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum [Fon]) is the main fungal disease of watermelon crops worldwide and can be caused by any of the four known races of this fungus (race 0, 1, 2 and 3). In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of any of these races. The presence of plants with wilt and vascular necrosis has been observed in commercial watermelon plantations in the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, mainly during the spring-summer growing seasons. The aim of this study was to identify the Fon race causing vascular wilt in watermelon plants in Hermosillo, Sonora. Three fungal isolates were collected from symptomatic plants. Based on their morphological characteristics, DNA amplification of the isolates (with specific primers Fon-1/Fon-2, FONSIX6F/FONSIX6R and FNR3-F/FNR3-R, which allow differentiating Fon race 1, 2 and 3) and inoculation into three differential watermelon cultivars, the three isolates (UESFON01, UESFON02 and UESFON03) were identified as F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report where F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1 is identified as the causal agent of wilt, vascular necrosis and plant death in watermelon crops in Mexico.
{"title":"First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 1 as causal agent of vascular wilt of watermelon in Mexico","authors":"Irasema Vargas-Arispuro, Irene Iliana Ramírez-Bustos, Alda Alejandra Arratia-Castro, Daniel Bárcena-Santana, Ernesto Fernández-Herrera","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum [Fon]) is the main fungal disease of watermelon crops worldwide and can be caused by any of the four known races of this fungus (race 0, 1, 2 and 3). In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of any of these races. The presence of plants with wilt and vascular necrosis has been observed in commercial watermelon plantations in the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, mainly during the spring-summer growing seasons. The aim of this study was to identify the Fon race causing vascular wilt in watermelon plants in Hermosillo, Sonora. Three fungal isolates were collected from symptomatic plants. Based on their morphological characteristics, DNA amplification of the isolates (with specific primers Fon-1/Fon-2, FONSIX6F/FONSIX6R and FNR3-F/FNR3-R, which allow differentiating Fon race 1, 2 and 3) and inoculation into three differential watermelon cultivars, the three isolates (UESFON01, UESFON02 and UESFON03) were identified as F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report where F. o. f. sp. niveum race 1 is identified as the causal agent of wilt, vascular necrosis and plant death in watermelon crops in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.008
Carlos Vilcatoma-Medina, Marcos A. Dolinski, J. Mendoza-Cortez, Amaro A. Campos-de Azeredo, L. A. Biasi, Mauro B. Dias Tofanelli
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorganisms that form symbioses with vines, showing improvements favorably in the growth and nutrition of seedlings after rooting them. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of AMF species inoculation and phosphate fertilization on rooted cuttings of vine rootstocks in a greenhouse. Woody rootstock cuttings from 'IAC 766' Campinas vines were prepared to promote rooting. After 45 days, the cuttings were transplanted and subjected to treatments that consisted of the inoculation of different species of AMF and fertilization with two doses of phosphorus (simple superphosphate) plus the control. The treatments were randomly assigned following a completely randomized design with eight replications for each treatment. After 90 days, growth parameters, macro and micronutrient content (shoot and root), root colonization and mycorrhizal effect of the extracted nutrients were evaluated. The inoculation with AMF species influenced the growth parameters, root colonization and extraction of macro and micronutrients from the cuttings of the 'IAC 766' rootstock, highlighting the inoculation with species of the genus Acaulospora, either individually or associated. Phosphorous fertilization affected growth parameters and extraction of macro and micronutrients, but these were to a lesser degree compared to that verified by the inoculation of AMF species.
{"title":"Mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate fertilization in the formation of seedlings of vine rootstock ‘IAC-766’ Campinas","authors":"Carlos Vilcatoma-Medina, Marcos A. Dolinski, J. Mendoza-Cortez, Amaro A. Campos-de Azeredo, L. A. Biasi, Mauro B. Dias Tofanelli","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorganisms that form symbioses with vines, showing improvements favorably in the growth and nutrition of seedlings after rooting them. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of AMF species inoculation and phosphate fertilization on rooted cuttings of vine rootstocks in a greenhouse. Woody rootstock cuttings from 'IAC 766' Campinas vines were prepared to promote rooting. After 45 days, the cuttings were transplanted and subjected to treatments that consisted of the inoculation of different species of AMF and fertilization with two doses of phosphorus (simple superphosphate) plus the control. The treatments were randomly assigned following a completely randomized design with eight replications for each treatment. After 90 days, growth parameters, macro and micronutrient content (shoot and root), root colonization and mycorrhizal effect of the extracted nutrients were evaluated. The inoculation with AMF species influenced the growth parameters, root colonization and extraction of macro and micronutrients from the cuttings of the 'IAC 766' rootstock, highlighting the inoculation with species of the genus Acaulospora, either individually or associated. Phosphorous fertilization affected growth parameters and extraction of macro and micronutrients, but these were to a lesser degree compared to that verified by the inoculation of AMF species.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49481939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.007
D. Hashemabadi, B. Kaviani, H. Gholipour, M. Ghasemi, Mojtaba Khorrami Raad
The citrus trade market welcomes cultivars with different characteristics such as being totally seedless or having fewer seeds, having thin and vividness skin, high ratio of sugar to acid, being watery, easy peeling and relatively large fruit. Furthermore, a wide range of cultivars should be available according to fruit ripening time from very early (precocious) to very late (serotinous). ‘Yashar’ mandarin is a hybrid obtained by crossing of the ‘Minneola’ tangelo and ‘Changsha’ mandarin. The fruits of this cultivar grow in the northern regions of Iran, and it ripen in May, thus, they are considered the late-ripening mandarin cultivars. One of the deficiencies of this cultivar is that it is full of seeds (25-30). Two separate experiments were performed to reduce the number of seeds in ‘Yashar’ mandarin. In the first experiment; the effect of pollen grains of different citrus cultivars (‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Hamlin’ and sour orange) and a free-pollination treatment as a control group was evaluated. In the second experiment, the effect of foliar application of copper sulfate at the rate of 25 mg·L-1 was conducted in stages 30, 60 and 80 % of open flowers. One free pollination treatment as a control group was evaluated as well. The results showed that the highest index of fruit technology (multiplication of the percentage of the extract in the soluble solids divided by 100) was obtained by pollination with ‘Hamlin’ and sour orange pollen grains. The foliar spraying with copper sulfate, when 30 % of the flowers had opened, among all the treatments evaluated in the study, reduced the number of seeds in the Yashar mandarin cultivar.
{"title":"Reduction of seed number in ‘‘Yashar’’ mandarin by application of copper sulfate and different pollen grains sources","authors":"D. Hashemabadi, B. Kaviani, H. Gholipour, M. Ghasemi, Mojtaba Khorrami Raad","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"The citrus trade market welcomes cultivars with different characteristics such as being totally seedless or having fewer seeds, having thin and vividness skin, high ratio of sugar to acid, being watery, easy peeling and relatively large fruit. Furthermore, a wide range of cultivars should be available according to fruit ripening time from very early (precocious) to very late (serotinous). ‘Yashar’ mandarin is a hybrid obtained by crossing of the ‘Minneola’ tangelo and ‘Changsha’ mandarin. The fruits of this cultivar grow in the northern regions of Iran, and it ripen in May, thus, they are considered the late-ripening mandarin cultivars. One of the deficiencies of this cultivar is that it is full of seeds (25-30). Two separate experiments were performed to reduce the number of seeds in ‘Yashar’ mandarin. In the first experiment; the effect of pollen grains of different citrus cultivars (‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Hamlin’ and sour orange) and a free-pollination treatment as a control group was evaluated. In the second experiment, the effect of foliar application of copper sulfate at the rate of 25 mg·L-1 was conducted in stages 30, 60 and 80 % of open flowers. One free pollination treatment as a control group was evaluated as well. The results showed that the highest index of fruit technology (multiplication of the percentage of the extract in the soluble solids divided by 100) was obtained by pollination with ‘Hamlin’ and sour orange pollen grains. The foliar spraying with copper sulfate, when 30 % of the flowers had opened, among all the treatments evaluated in the study, reduced the number of seeds in the Yashar mandarin cultivar.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46736814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.09.012
V. H. Ziegler, A. Weibel, P. Insausti
While peach tree is very sensitive to waterlogging, there are no works on the effect of the flooding over only part of its root system. The objective of this work was to investigate physiological and growth responses of Nemared rootstock to partial flooding of roots. Treatments were performed for 6-days: control trees, half-flooded, and fully-flooded. Both flooding treatments negatively affected the vegetative growth, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and leaf water potential. The response observed in the half-flooded treatment was intermediate between the control and fully-flooded treatment. The fastest response of stomatal conductance to soil flooding, before differences among treatments in leaf water potential were perceived, suggested that there should be a stomatal closure mechanism that responds to a signal that arises from flooded roots. The importance of this work, lies in showing the negative effects of unnoticed and partial floods, frequently occurring in peach trees.
{"title":"Effect of two flooding levels on growth and physiological parameters in peach rootstock ‘Nemared’","authors":"V. H. Ziegler, A. Weibel, P. Insausti","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"While peach tree is very sensitive to waterlogging, there are no works on the effect of the flooding over only part of its root system. The objective of this work was to investigate physiological and growth responses of Nemared rootstock to partial flooding of roots. Treatments were performed for 6-days: control trees, half-flooded, and fully-flooded. Both flooding treatments negatively affected the vegetative growth, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and leaf water potential. The response observed in the half-flooded treatment was intermediate between the control and fully-flooded treatment. The fastest response of stomatal conductance to soil flooding, before differences among treatments in leaf water potential were perceived, suggested that there should be a stomatal closure mechanism that responds to a signal that arises from flooded roots. The importance of this work, lies in showing the negative effects of unnoticed and partial floods, frequently occurring in peach trees.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41275625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.07.010
Angélica Martínez-López, S. Valle-Guadarrama, D. Guerra-Ramírez, M. L. Arévalo-Galarza, R. Sánchez-Fernández
Blackberry fruits have a shelf life of 3 d at ambient temperature, due to fungal development. Essential oils (Eo) can increase shelf life because of their antifungal potential. The objective was to evaluate the use of modified atmosphere packaging incorporated with vapors of an Eo to prolong shelf life of blackberry fruits. The methodology included the use of oregano Eo to inhibit fungi development. Eo was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Eo to inhibit fungi in blackberry fruits was determined in vitro and in vivo. The storage of blackberry fruits under modified atmosphere with vapors of oregano Eo was evaluated at ambient temperature. The compounds linalool, o-cymene, and thymol were identified as the main constituents of Eo. Based on fruits with fungal development, isolates were made in culture media and the presence of Aspergillus carbonarius, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillum digitatum was identified. A minimum inhibitory concentration of Eo in the head space of fruits was found with value of 0.8 μL·mL-1. The handling of blackberry fruits in modified atmosphere with micro-perforation and exposition to volatilized Eo (MAP-Eo) reduced the rate of weight loss, the loss of consistency, and that of alteration of color attributes, which allowed maintaining a better appearance during 6-7 d at 23 °C. MAP-Eo kept the content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, as well as the antioxidant capacity, without significant changes. In conclusion, MAP-Eo is a useful alternative to extend shelf life of blackberry fruits.
{"title":"Microperforated-based modified atmosphere incorporated with vapors of oregano essential oil to preserve blackberry fruits in postharvest","authors":"Angélica Martínez-López, S. Valle-Guadarrama, D. Guerra-Ramírez, M. L. Arévalo-Galarza, R. Sánchez-Fernández","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"Blackberry fruits have a shelf life of 3 d at ambient temperature, due to fungal development. Essential oils (Eo) can increase shelf life because of their antifungal potential. The objective was to evaluate the use of modified atmosphere packaging incorporated with vapors of an Eo to prolong shelf life of blackberry fruits. The methodology included the use of oregano Eo to inhibit fungi development. Eo was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Eo to inhibit fungi in blackberry fruits was determined in vitro and in vivo. The storage of blackberry fruits under modified atmosphere with vapors of oregano Eo was evaluated at ambient temperature. The compounds linalool, o-cymene, and thymol were identified as the main constituents of Eo. Based on fruits with fungal development, isolates were made in culture media and the presence of Aspergillus carbonarius, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillum digitatum was identified. A minimum inhibitory concentration of Eo in the head space of fruits was found with value of 0.8 μL·mL-1. The handling of blackberry fruits in modified atmosphere with micro-perforation and exposition to volatilized Eo (MAP-Eo) reduced the rate of weight loss, the loss of consistency, and that of alteration of color attributes, which allowed maintaining a better appearance during 6-7 d at 23 °C. MAP-Eo kept the content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, as well as the antioxidant capacity, without significant changes. In conclusion, MAP-Eo is a useful alternative to extend shelf life of blackberry fruits.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.03.005
Homero González-Gómez, P. Juárez-López, E. Quiñones-Aguilar, G. Rincón‐Enríquez, I. Alia-Tejacal, J. A. Ramírez-Trujillo, V. López‐Martínez, O. Villegas-Torres, Cid Aguilar-Carpio
The use of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture can increase the productivity of agricultural crops; however, there are few studies that consider aromatic plants, such as basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of 'Sweet Nufar' basil inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum brasilense. The treatments tested were: 1) without microorganisms (control), 2) Rizhophagus intraradices, 3) Funneliformis mosseae, 4) AMF consortium, 5) Azospirillum brasilense, 6) R. intraradices + A. brasilense and 7) without microorganisms and irrigated with 100 % Steiner's nutrient solution. Treatments 1 to 6 were irrigated with the same nutrient solution, but at 50 %. Fifty days after transplanting, growth variables, mineral concentration, colonization percentage and number of AMF spores were recorded. The AMF and A. brasilense bacterium increased the fresh biomass weight and leaf area of 'Nufar' basil, which was associated with the highest concentration of nitrogen and potassium in the plant tissue. This implies that the microorganisms evaluated increase the development and growth of basil grown with reduced levels of mineral nutrition, which represents a sustainable alternative in the agronomic management of this crop under greenhouse conditions.
{"title":"Growth of ‘Sweet Nufar’ basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Azospirillum brasilense","authors":"Homero González-Gómez, P. Juárez-López, E. Quiñones-Aguilar, G. Rincón‐Enríquez, I. Alia-Tejacal, J. A. Ramírez-Trujillo, V. López‐Martínez, O. Villegas-Torres, Cid Aguilar-Carpio","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The use of beneficial microorganisms in agriculture can increase the productivity of agricultural crops; however, there are few studies that consider aromatic plants, such as basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of 'Sweet Nufar' basil inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azospirillum brasilense. The treatments tested were: 1) without microorganisms (control), 2) Rizhophagus intraradices, 3) Funneliformis mosseae, 4) AMF consortium, 5) Azospirillum brasilense, 6) R. intraradices + A. brasilense and 7) without microorganisms and irrigated with 100 % Steiner's nutrient solution. Treatments 1 to 6 were irrigated with the same nutrient solution, but at 50 %. Fifty days after transplanting, growth variables, mineral concentration, colonization percentage and number of AMF spores were recorded. The AMF and A. brasilense bacterium increased the fresh biomass weight and leaf area of 'Nufar' basil, which was associated with the highest concentration of nitrogen and potassium in the plant tissue. This implies that the microorganisms evaluated increase the development and growth of basil grown with reduced levels of mineral nutrition, which represents a sustainable alternative in the agronomic management of this crop under greenhouse conditions.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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