Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.051
To study the effect on some physiological aspects of 'Colín V-33' as interstock the following treatments used: 'Colín V-33'/ Mexican Race, 'Hass'/ 'Colín V-33'/ Mexican Race, and 'Hass'/ Mexican Race, in two phenologycal phases: 1) the end of flowering, fruitset and beginning of vegetative growth, and 2) when plants had growing fruits (2.5 months before harvest).The photosintetically active radiation was larger than 1000 J.lmol.m'2's'1; the temperature near to the leaf varied from 22.8 to 32.1 .C in phase 1 and from 22.8 to 27.5 .C in fase 2. The effect of 'Colín V-33' was not different for assimilation rate of CO2 from the control (4.14 and 4.28 J.lmol'm,2's.1, respectively). These two, however, produced effects which were statstically different relative to those from 'Colin V-33'/ Mexican Race for these two variables (6.94 J.lmol'm.2's,1 and 103.2 mmol:m,2.s' respectivelly). The water potential from the treatment with interstock 'Colín V-33' was -14.85 bars while without interstock was -12 bars. The difference was not statiscally significant (P~ 0.05). Within treatments, means for the relationship ABA:AIA (mg.g.1 fresh weight) were always statistically significant (P s 0.05). In 'Colín V-33'/ Mexican Race it was found 28.7 mg in the cultivar an 22.7 mg in the rootstock; in the same order it was fuond 13.9 and 24.2 mg for 'Hass'/ Mexican Race and 32.2, 30, and 23.9 mg in.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF 'COLÍN V-33' INTERSTOCK ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.)","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.051","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effect on some physiological aspects of 'Colín V-33' as interstock the following treatments used: 'Colín V-33'/ Mexican Race, 'Hass'/ 'Colín V-33'/ Mexican Race, and 'Hass'/ Mexican Race, in two phenologycal phases: 1) the end of flowering, fruitset and beginning of vegetative growth, and 2) when plants had growing fruits (2.5 months before harvest).The photosintetically active radiation was larger than 1000 J.lmol.m'2's'1; the temperature near to the leaf varied from 22.8 to 32.1 .C in phase 1 and from 22.8 to 27.5 .C in fase 2. The effect of 'Colín V-33' was not different for assimilation rate of CO2 from the control (4.14 and 4.28 J.lmol'm,2's.1, respectively). These two, however, produced effects which were statstically different relative to those from 'Colin V-33'/ Mexican Race for these two variables (6.94 J.lmol'm.2's,1 and 103.2 mmol:m,2.s' respectivelly). The water potential from the treatment with interstock 'Colín V-33' was -14.85 bars while without interstock was -12 bars. The difference was not statiscally significant (P~ 0.05). Within treatments, means for the relationship ABA:AIA (mg.g.1 fresh weight) were always statistically significant (P s 0.05). In 'Colín V-33'/ Mexican Race it was found 28.7 mg in the cultivar an 22.7 mg in the rootstock; in the same order it was fuond 13.9 and 24.2 mg for 'Hass'/ Mexican Race and 32.2, 30, and 23.9 mg in.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.036
En el presente trabajo se estudiaron dos tipos de genotipos que sobresalen por su precocidad a la floración, su porte bajo y producción de buena calidad (calibre 12 a 14). Estos genotipos son la selección Jiménez 1 y la selección Jiménez 2; además de un testigo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: (v1) largo del fruto, (v2) ancho del fruto, (v3) largo del pedúnculo y (v4) ancho del pedúnculo; asi como conocer la fenologia de los árboles, aparición de plagas que dal'lan al fruto, calibres y rendimientos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: para la (v1) el mejor genotipo resultó la selección Jiménez 1, superando a la selección Jiménez 2 con un 19.88% y al testigo con un 43.89%. Para la (v2) el mejor material resulto ser también la selección Jiménez 1 superando a la selección Jiménez 2 con un 20.5% y al testigo con un 41.15%. Para las variables 3 y 4 no hubo significancia estadistica, ya que son medidas pequel'las y muy homogéneas. En cuanto a la fonologia de los árboles la selección Jiménez 1 empezó a florecer a mediados del mes de septiembre, la selección 2 a principios de octubre y el testigo a mediados del mes de octubre. En cuanto a la aparición de plagas que dal'lan al fruto, estas aparecieron cuando los frutos presentaban cierta tolerancia al dal'lo (Jiménez 1 y 2), en cuanto al testigo coincidlan los mayores picos de la plaga con la máxima floración. Para los calibres, las selecciones Jiménez 1 y 2 se obtuvieron calibers 12 a 14 y para el testigo 14 a 16. Por último para el rendimiento, se siguen haciendo los muestreos ya que la cosecha inicia el 15 de agosto y termina el 15 de septiembre. En conclusión ambas selecciones presentan precocidad en la floración y por lo tanto cosechas tempranas, además de presentar un porte bajo 5.33 m A los 10 al'los y fruta de buena calidad calibre 12 a 14.
{"title":"PHENOLOGICAL STUDIES OF TWO NEW SELECTIONS OF AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.) CV. HASS IN THE REGION OF TACAMBARO","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.036","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente trabajo se estudiaron dos tipos de genotipos que sobresalen por su precocidad a la floración, su porte bajo y producción de buena calidad (calibre 12 a 14). Estos genotipos son la selección Jiménez 1 y la selección Jiménez 2; además de un testigo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: (v1) largo del fruto, (v2) ancho del fruto, (v3) largo del pedúnculo y (v4) ancho del pedúnculo; asi como conocer la fenologia de los árboles, aparición de plagas que dal'lan al fruto, calibres y rendimientos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: para la (v1) el mejor genotipo resultó la selección Jiménez 1, superando a la selección Jiménez 2 con un 19.88% y al testigo con un 43.89%. Para la (v2) el mejor material resulto ser también la selección Jiménez 1 superando a la selección Jiménez 2 con un 20.5% y al testigo con un 41.15%. Para las variables 3 y 4 no hubo significancia estadistica, ya que son medidas pequel'las y muy homogéneas. En cuanto a la fonologia de los árboles la selección Jiménez 1 empezó a florecer a mediados del mes de septiembre, la selección 2 a principios de octubre y el testigo a mediados del mes de octubre. En cuanto a la aparición de plagas que dal'lan al fruto, estas aparecieron cuando los frutos presentaban cierta tolerancia al dal'lo (Jiménez 1 y 2), en cuanto al testigo coincidlan los mayores picos de la plaga con la máxima floración. Para los calibres, las selecciones Jiménez 1 y 2 se obtuvieron calibers 12 a 14 y para el testigo 14 a 16. Por último para el rendimiento, se siguen haciendo los muestreos ya que la cosecha inicia el 15 de agosto y termina el 15 de septiembre. En conclusión ambas selecciones presentan precocidad en la floración y por lo tanto cosechas tempranas, además de presentar un porte bajo 5.33 m A los 10 al'los y fruta de buena calidad calibre 12 a 14.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.03.023
A potential problem in regard to avocado (Persea americana MilI.) crop in Mexico, is the use only of one cultivar, 'Hass' that represents the 95% of cultivated area. There is a need to look for another cultivar with characteristics of quality and productivity equal or superior to 'Hass', with stable characteristics in our different production areas. For this reason, the "Fundación Salvador Sánchez Colin-CICTAMEX, S. C: has a breeding avocado programo In the present work we made a short history of the advantages until to the new selections, results obtained of the establishment and evaluation of seedlings like: 'Fundación 11',the dwarf tree; 'Encinos' whith high fruit quality and little seed; 'Aguilar' the production out of season. Selections with possibility the cultivation a commercial scale.
关于墨西哥鳄梨(Persea americana MilI.)作物的一个潜在问题是，只使用一种品种，“哈斯”，占种植面积的95%。有必要寻找另一种品质和产量与“哈斯”相同或更好的品种，在我们不同的生产区域具有稳定的特性。为此，“Fundación Salvador Sánchez Colin-CICTAMEX, s.c:有一个牛油果育种计划。在本工作中，我们做了一个短历史的优势，直到新的选择，结果所获得的幼苗的建立和评价，如:'Fundación 11'，矮树;果实品质高、种子少的‘恩西诺斯’;《阿吉拉尔》的制作已过季。选育具有商业规模栽培的可能性。
{"title":"AVOCADO BREEDING PROGRAM OF SALVADOR SÁNCHEZ COLÍN-CICTAMEX, S.C.","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"A potential problem in regard to avocado (Persea americana MilI.) crop in Mexico, is the use only of one cultivar, 'Hass' that represents the 95% of cultivated area. There is a need to look for another cultivar with characteristics of quality and productivity equal or superior to 'Hass', with stable characteristics in our different production areas. For this reason, the \"Fundación Salvador Sánchez Colin-CICTAMEX, S. C: has a breeding avocado programo In the present work we made a short history of the advantages until to the new selections, results obtained of the establishment and evaluation of seedlings like: 'Fundación 11',the dwarf tree; 'Encinos' whith high fruit quality and little seed; 'Aguilar' the production out of season. Selections with possibility the cultivation a commercial scale.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"210 0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.055
The evolution of moisture, oil content and the oil composition in avocado (Persea americana Mill.), cvs. Hass and Fuerte, were measured every 15 days, during three seasons 1996,1997 and 1998, at the end period of fruit development. The oil content was estimated using the moisture content and the oil composition measured by gas chromatography, using a Perkin Elmer model 3920 chromatograph, with FID detector (250"C) and 1.8 m x 3.1 mm column, filled with 5% of DEGS chromosorb W, acid washed and salinized, 100 mesh, heated at 190°C with 40 ml'min-1nitrogen flow. The fatty acids: oleic, linoleic, palmitic, palmitcleic, linolenic and estearic were measured. In both, it was found, that the oil and moisture level. were different at the same date, in each season,probably because of the weather conditions, specifically the rainfall. The oleic acid rose up to 50% and was the highest fatty acid component in the avocado oil. palmitic and linoleic acids were found in 10% and 8% respectively and palmitoleic in 3-5%. Estearic and linoleic acids were found in very low amounts (Oto 1%), during the fruit development. The oleic acid decreases in each season, fter the minimum oil content (10%) to peak was reached. It was not found a correlation, between the development of the different fatty acids measured
牛油果(Persea americana Mill.)水分、含油量和油成分的演变。在1996年、1997年和1998年三个季节，即果实发育末期，每15天测量一次哈斯和富尔特。油的含量是用气相色谱法测量的水分含量和油的组成来估计的，使用Perkin Elmer型号3920色谱仪，带有FID检测器(250”C)和1.8 m x 3.1 mm柱，填充5%的DEGS吸色剂W，酸洗和盐碱化，100目，在190°C下加热，40 ml'min-1氮气流。测定了脂肪酸:油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸和脂酸。结果发现，两者的油和水分水平。在每个季节的同一时间都是不同的，可能是因为天气条件，特别是降雨。油酸含量高达50%，是牛油果油中最高的脂肪酸成分。棕榈酸和亚油酸含量分别为10%和8%，棕榈油酸含量为3-5%。在果实发育过程中，脂酸和亚油酸含量极低(不到1%)。油酸含量在最低含油量(10%)达到峰值后，呈下降趋势。没有发现不同脂肪酸的发展之间的相关性
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE EVOLUTION AND CRACTERIZATION OF THE OIL OF AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.) DVS. FUERTE AND HASS CULTIVATED IN CHILE","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.055","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of moisture, oil content and the oil composition in avocado (Persea americana Mill.), cvs. Hass and Fuerte, were measured every 15 days, during three seasons 1996,1997 and 1998, at the end period of fruit development. The oil content was estimated using the moisture content and the oil composition measured by gas chromatography, using a Perkin Elmer model 3920 chromatograph, with FID detector (250\"C) and 1.8 m x 3.1 mm column, filled with 5% of DEGS chromosorb W, acid washed and salinized, 100 mesh, heated at 190°C with 40 ml'min-1nitrogen flow. The fatty acids: oleic, linoleic, palmitic, palmitcleic, linolenic and estearic were measured. In both, it was found, that the oil and moisture level. were different at the same date, in each season,probably because of the weather conditions, specifically the rainfall. The oleic acid rose up to 50% and was the highest fatty acid component in the avocado oil. palmitic and linoleic acids were found in 10% and 8% respectively and palmitoleic in 3-5%. Estearic and linoleic acids were found in very low amounts (Oto 1%), during the fruit development. The oleic acid decreases in each season, fter the minimum oil content (10%) to peak was reached. It was not found a correlation, between the development of the different fatty acids measured","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.047
E. Lahav, D. Zamet
The total nutritionalloss in an avocado trae due te abscission of buds, flowers, fruiUets and fruits is relatively small. Only 25.8 kg.ha.1 N, 3.7 kg.ha.1 P and 31.0 kg.ha.1 K are found in the abscissed organs. Among the microelements Fe is lost 7 to 50 times more than the other microelements (1.40 kg.ha.I). No relationship was found between the nutrients and the previous or future yield except for phosphorous. Decrease in P level in the flowers was followed by an increase in yield the following winter. The small nutritionalloss seems to be of minor importance as a factor in avocado productivity.
{"title":"MINERAL LOSSES OF AVOCADO TREE RESUL TING FROM ABSCISSION OF FLOWERS, FRUITLETS AND FRUITS","authors":"E. Lahav, D. Zamet","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.047","url":null,"abstract":"The total nutritionalloss in an avocado trae due te abscission of buds, flowers, fruiUets and fruits is relatively small. Only 25.8 kg.ha.1 N, 3.7 kg.ha.1 P and 31.0 kg.ha.1 K are found in the abscissed organs. Among the microelements Fe is lost 7 to 50 times more than the other microelements (1.40 kg.ha.I). No relationship was found between the nutrients and the previous or future yield except for phosphorous. Decrease in P level in the flowers was followed by an increase in yield the following winter. The small nutritionalloss seems to be of minor importance as a factor in avocado productivity.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.039
En la actualidad, 'Hass' es la principal variedad de aguacate cultivada en los principales centros de producción y también en Chile…
目前，“哈斯”是牛油果的主要品种，种植在主要生产中心和智利……
{"title":"SEARCHING FOR NEW AVOCADO VARIETIES IN CHILE","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.039","url":null,"abstract":"En la actualidad, 'Hass' es la principal variedad de aguacate cultivada en los principales centros de producción y también en Chile…","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.041
La República Mexicana tiene una riqueza invaluable en tipos criollos y silvestres de aguacate (persea Americana Mill.), CICTAMEX (1991), que es importante preserver y rescatar del peligro de la inminente extinción (Olvera, 1998), debido a que se están sustituyendo en la mayoría de los huertos de este frutal en el Estado de Michoacán, que es considerado como posible centro de origen y dispersión de la raza Mexicana Sánchez (1994), en la región de Tacámbaro y en otras áreas con el mismo clima y suelo los genotipos naturales y "criollas" de aguacate por cultivares de mayor rendimiento como 'Hass' principalmente (Sánchez, 1991), por su alta demanda en el mercado de consumo tanto nacional como internacional. Por otro lado no obstante que el aguacate es originario del sur de Norteamérica y Centroamérica, las mayors colectas de esta especie se encuentran en Estados Unidos de América e Israel (CICTAMEX, 1991). El objetivo del proyecto es definir"un catálogo y un método de conservación de semillas y plantas de ecotipos de tipos "criollos" y silvestres con la finalidad de usarlos en un Banco de Germoplasma (Barrientos, 1997), y posteriormente para el enriquecimiento y generación de nuevos cultivares (Pérez, 1986), para estudios filogenéticos y de fitomejoramiento, (Gallegos, 1982). Para contribuir a su rescate, preservación y conservación.
{"title":"RESCUE OF \"CRIOLLO\" ECOTYPES AND WILD AVOCADOS (Persea americana Mill.) IN TACAMBARO, MICHOACÁN, MÉXICO","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.041","url":null,"abstract":"La República Mexicana tiene una riqueza invaluable en tipos criollos y silvestres de aguacate (persea Americana Mill.), CICTAMEX (1991), que es importante preserver y rescatar del peligro de la inminente extinción (Olvera, 1998), debido a que se están sustituyendo en la mayoría de los huertos de este frutal en el Estado de Michoacán, que es considerado como posible centro de origen y dispersión de la raza Mexicana Sánchez (1994), en la región de Tacámbaro y en otras áreas con el mismo clima y suelo los genotipos naturales y \"criollas\" de aguacate por cultivares de mayor rendimiento como 'Hass' principalmente (Sánchez, 1991), por su alta demanda en el mercado de consumo tanto nacional como internacional. Por otro lado no obstante que el aguacate es originario del sur de Norteamérica y Centroamérica, las mayors colectas de esta especie se encuentran en Estados Unidos de América e Israel (CICTAMEX, 1991). El objetivo del proyecto es definir\"un catálogo y un método de conservación de semillas y plantas de ecotipos de tipos \"criollos\" y silvestres con la finalidad de usarlos en un Banco de Germoplasma (Barrientos, 1997), y posteriormente para el enriquecimiento y generación de nuevos cultivares (Pérez, 1986), para estudios filogenéticos y de fitomejoramiento, (Gallegos, 1982). Para contribuir a su rescate, preservación y conservación.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.037
The southern Sonora valleys in Mexico are grown to 377,125 ha under irrigated conditions, high percent of the surface is devoted to small grain crops. The NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) signing offers a series of advantages and challenges to Mexican agriculture in order to share vegetable and fruit intemational markets. In this scenery Mexican avocado has played an important roll during the past couple of years because of the United States commercial opening. This research was conducted in Southem Sonora, Mexico (26. 41' and 290 NL, and 1090 12' and 109041: WL), from 1989 to 1997. Four cultivars ('Fuerte', 'Hass', 'San Miguel' and 'Ensenada') were planted on a sandy loam soil during march, 1989 in a array 10 x 10 m with five trees each cultivar. A completely random design was used with five replications a DMS P$0.05 test to separate treatrnents under study was used. Measured parameters were round-year stem diameter growth and height, number of fruits per tree, average weight of fruits and yield (t. ha"'). Analysis showed that stem diameter growth and height was !¡Iow during the first year in the field, but after that time, values increase gradually, with a maximum of 15 cm, and 150 cm in stem diameter and height respectively. The before-mentioned was as the result of an absence of strong sink and source relationship. A strong phenomenon of altemate bearing was observed in better performers such as 'Fuerte' and 'San Miguel', even when in a accumulative yield analysis, were high yielders. 'Hass' always yielded in an uprising manner throw the period of study average weight of fruits ranked between 107 to 242 9 being distributed from bigger to smaller size as follows: 'Hass', 'San Miguel', 'Fuerte' and 'Ensenada'.
{"title":"YlELD AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF FOUR AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.) 1CULTIVARS AT THE SOUTHERN SONORA REGION OF MEXICO","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.05.037","url":null,"abstract":"The southern Sonora valleys in Mexico are grown to 377,125 ha under irrigated conditions, high percent of the surface is devoted to small grain crops. The NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) signing offers a series of advantages and challenges to Mexican agriculture in order to share vegetable and fruit intemational markets. In this scenery Mexican avocado has played an important roll during the past couple of years because of the United States commercial opening. This research was conducted in Southem Sonora, Mexico (26. 41' and 290 NL, and 1090 12' and 109041: WL), from 1989 to 1997. Four cultivars ('Fuerte', 'Hass', 'San Miguel' and 'Ensenada') were planted on a sandy loam soil during march, 1989 in a array 10 x 10 m with five trees each cultivar. A completely random design was used with five replications a DMS P$0.05 test to separate treatrnents under study was used. Measured parameters were round-year stem diameter growth and height, number of fruits per tree, average weight of fruits and yield (t. ha\"'). Analysis showed that stem diameter growth and height was !¡Iow during the first year in the field, but after that time, values increase gradually, with a maximum of 15 cm, and 150 cm in stem diameter and height respectively. The before-mentioned was as the result of an absence of strong sink and source relationship. A strong phenomenon of altemate bearing was observed in better performers such as 'Fuerte' and 'San Miguel', even when in a accumulative yield analysis, were high yielders. 'Hass' always yielded in an uprising manner throw the period of study average weight of fruits ranked between 107 to 242 9 being distributed from bigger to smaller size as follows: 'Hass', 'San Miguel', 'Fuerte' and 'Ensenada'.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.057
G. Ish-Am, A. BARRIENTOS-PRIEGO, Á. Castañeda-Vildózola
Insects visiting avocado flowers were collected over the course of five research trips to Mexico, in the states of Michoacan, Mexico, Puebla, Veracruz and Chiapas. Most of the specimens were identified at the species level, and the amount and distribution of pollen on their bodies were determined. 80th the density and behavior of species found to carry a large amount of avocado pollen were observed on the avocado bloom. In commercial orchards sprayed with potent insecticides, only a small number of visitors of a few species were observed, most of them honeybees (Apis mellifera). In contrast, on unsprayed traes (in small plots, backyards, etc) large numbers of visitors of numerous species were usually observed. More than 1,000 individual insects, of about 100 species, were coIlected on avocado bloom, most of them of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, CoIeoptera and Heteroptera. Apparently, some of the visitor species did not pollinate the avocado flowers, but most of them did contribute to its pollination. The following species were found to be effective pollinators of avocado: the honeybee, 8 to 10 species of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponinae) and the. Mexican honey wasp" (Brachygastra mellifica). These species were the main pollinators of the three avocado races: Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian. Honeybees were active on the avocado bloom at most sites; however, in some cases they abandoned the avocado bloom lo collect nectar and pollen from nearby competing flowers. The stingless bee species and the Mexican honey wasp showed a greater preference for the avocado bloom. We assume that the original pollinators of the avocado, before the introduction of the honeybee to the American continent, were stingless bee and wasp species, which are better adapted for its pollination.
{"title":"AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.) POLLINATORS IN ITS REGION OF ORIGIN","authors":"G. Ish-Am, A. BARRIENTOS-PRIEGO, Á. Castañeda-Vildózola","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.057","url":null,"abstract":"Insects visiting avocado flowers were collected over the course of five research trips to Mexico, in the states of Michoacan, Mexico, Puebla, Veracruz and Chiapas. Most of the specimens were identified at the species level, and the amount and distribution of pollen on their bodies were determined. 80th the density and behavior of species found to carry a large amount of avocado pollen were observed on the avocado bloom. In commercial orchards sprayed with potent insecticides, only a small number of visitors of a few species were observed, most of them honeybees (Apis mellifera). In contrast, on unsprayed traes (in small plots, backyards, etc) large numbers of visitors of numerous species were usually observed. More than 1,000 individual insects, of about 100 species, were coIlected on avocado bloom, most of them of the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, CoIeoptera and Heteroptera. Apparently, some of the visitor species did not pollinate the avocado flowers, but most of them did contribute to its pollination. The following species were found to be effective pollinators of avocado: the honeybee, 8 to 10 species of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponinae) and the. Mexican honey wasp\" (Brachygastra mellifica). These species were the main pollinators of the three avocado races: Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian. Honeybees were active on the avocado bloom at most sites; however, in some cases they abandoned the avocado bloom lo collect nectar and pollen from nearby competing flowers. The stingless bee species and the Mexican honey wasp showed a greater preference for the avocado bloom. We assume that the original pollinators of the avocado, before the introduction of the honeybee to the American continent, were stingless bee and wasp species, which are better adapted for its pollination.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.02.015
M. Zilberstaine
Avocado gene pool plots, established in Mexico(CICTAMEX)and Israel (VolcaniCenler) during Ihe lasl 10 years, inelude a few hundred germplasm ilems. They were evalualed in Israel as 'rootslocks for avocado under soil slress condilions. Several ilem showed lolerance lo eilher one or more faclors, such as salinity,lime,poor aeralion, rool-rol and drought.
{"title":"THE POSSIBLE USE OF AVOCADO (Persea Americana Mili.) GERMPLASM MATERIAL AS ROOTSTOCKS FOR SOIL STRESS CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Zilberstaine","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado gene pool plots, established in Mexico(CICTAMEX)and Israel (VolcaniCenler) during Ihe lasl 10 years, inelude a few hundred germplasm ilems. They were evalualed in Israel as 'rootslocks for avocado under soil slress condilions. Several ilem showed lolerance lo eilher one or more faclors, such as salinity,lime,poor aeralion, rool-rol and drought.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70580645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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