Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.042
E. Ferreira
With the purpose to proceed at productivity study ot tour avocado cultivar and influence ot tour rootstocks, Dire~o Regional de Agricultura do Algarve has established avocado trials at Centro de Experimenta~o Horto-Fruticola do Patacao, on May 1983. From several parameters, which have been registered, some results were already published. Only data relating to cultivar production were not yet matter ot any writed reterence. For their productivity were selected 'Hass', 'Reed', 'Bacon' and 'Fuerte' as scion cultivars, as well as Topa-Topa, Lula, Antilhano ot Canárias and Duke 7 as rootstocks. Along tourteen years ot observations (1985 - 1998), it was confirmeda significanteffect ot variety x rootstock interaction on the production, being in the limelight the 'Bacon'I'Lula" symbiont.
1983年5月，阿尔加维农业区在帕塔卡奥Horto-Fruticola do Patacao实验中心建立了牛油果试验，目的是进行牛油果品种及其对牛油果砧木影响的生产力研究。从已登记的几个参数中，已经发表了一些结果。只有与品种生产有关的资料还没有任何书面参考资料。由于产量高，我们选择了“Hass”、“Reed”、“Bacon”和“Fuerte”作为接子品种，以及Topa-Topa、Lula、Antilhano ot Canárias和Duke 7作为砧木。经过14年的观察(1985 - 1998)，证实了品种与砧木相互作用对产量的显著影响，其中“培根”与“卢拉”共生体最为引人注目。
{"title":"PRODUCTIVITY STUDY OF FOUR AVOCADO CULTIVARS IN ALGARVE REGION, PORTUGAL","authors":"E. Ferreira","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.042","url":null,"abstract":"With the purpose to proceed at productivity study ot tour avocado cultivar and influence ot tour rootstocks, Dire~o Regional de Agricultura do Algarve has established avocado trials at Centro de Experimenta~o Horto-Fruticola do Patacao, on May 1983. From several parameters, which have been registered, some results were already published. Only data relating to cultivar production were not yet matter ot any writed reterence. For their productivity were selected 'Hass', 'Reed', 'Bacon' and 'Fuerte' as scion cultivars, as well as Topa-Topa, Lula, Antilhano ot Canárias and Duke 7 as rootstocks. Along tourteen years ot observations (1985 - 1998), it was confirmeda significanteffect ot variety x rootstock interaction on the production, being in the limelight the 'Bacon'I'Lula\" symbiont.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.043
B. Wolstenholme, A. W. Whiley
In spite of seleetion for thousands of years, the avocado is still a poorly domesticated tree in the early stages of adaptation to an orehard environment. Cultivars based on Guatemalan and Mexican germplasm, for the subtropics and Mediterranean elimates, have only been available since the 1920's, and even in the best growing conditions the yield barrier of 30 t.ha-1 is hard to breaeh. Tropical "West Indian" (Iowland) avocado eultivars and produetion teehnology is less well developed. Orehard performance is therefore still largely influenced by evolutionary hangovers and constraints. For "subtropical" types, we have to deal with the residual survival strategies of a late-successional, K-seleeted, small-gap colonizing mountain eloud forest tree. These inelude potentially vigorous vegetative growth in flushes, counter-produetive to flowering and fruiting; delayed and typically irregular (mast) fruiting; unnecessarily profuse flowering in late'winter synchronized by winter cold and drought; short-lived shade-adapted leaves bome in creasingly further from the trunk on the tree periphery; energy-expensive fruits for large dispersal agents, hence the exhaustive nature of eropping on reserves, espeeially in large trees; and the tree's strategy to effieiently hoard, store and recyele carbohydrate and mineral reserves (hence "mineral-eheap" fruiting). Physiological attributes inelude potentially rapid C assimilation, but reduced photosynthesis under shade, water of Phytophthora stress; reasonable drought tolerance which however is at the expense of C assimilation and leaf effieiency; and the poorly researehed dependence on perseitol rather than sucrose as the main translocation sugar. Manipulation implications center around canopy/tree size/light management and the alleviation of stress at criticar times, to optimize C gain and allocation to fruiting on a sustainable basis. The prime need remains breeding for more manageable seion and rootstock combinations.
{"title":"ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.) TREE AS A BASIS FOR PRE-HARVEST MANAGEMENT","authors":"B. Wolstenholme, A. W. Whiley","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.043","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of seleetion for thousands of years, the avocado is still a poorly domesticated tree in the early stages of adaptation to an orehard environment. Cultivars based on Guatemalan and Mexican germplasm, for the subtropics and Mediterranean elimates, have only been available since the 1920's, and even in the best growing conditions the yield barrier of 30 t.ha-1 is hard to breaeh. Tropical \"West Indian\" (Iowland) avocado eultivars and produetion teehnology is less well developed. Orehard performance is therefore still largely influenced by evolutionary hangovers and constraints. For \"subtropical\" types, we have to deal with the residual survival strategies of a late-successional, K-seleeted, small-gap colonizing mountain eloud forest tree. These inelude potentially vigorous vegetative growth in flushes, counter-produetive to flowering and fruiting; delayed and typically irregular (mast) fruiting; unnecessarily profuse flowering in late'winter synchronized by winter cold and drought; short-lived shade-adapted leaves bome in creasingly further from the trunk on the tree periphery; energy-expensive fruits for large dispersal agents, hence the exhaustive nature of eropping on reserves, espeeially in large trees; and the tree's strategy to effieiently hoard, store and recyele carbohydrate and mineral reserves (hence \"mineral-eheap\" fruiting). Physiological attributes inelude potentially rapid C assimilation, but reduced photosynthesis under shade, water of Phytophthora stress; reasonable drought tolerance which however is at the expense of C assimilation and leaf effieiency; and the poorly researehed dependence on perseitol rather than sucrose as the main translocation sugar. Manipulation implications center around canopy/tree size/light management and the alleviation of stress at criticar times, to optimize C gain and allocation to fruiting on a sustainable basis. The prime need remains breeding for more manageable seion and rootstock combinations.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.056
The avocado fruit (cv. Hass) is a berry wilh mesocarp and endocarp that contain one seed. In our study, this seed represented 15.0 to 16.0% of the weight in relation to fruit. For microscopy observations, sections were stained wilh tolution blue and was found that parenchima's cells of cotiledons had the major quantity of starch (blue to violet granules), while the embryo axis storage the major portíon of fat which was observed as refringent ambar droplets. The coat seed was observed, perfectly defined in schlerenchima and tannins cells that were brown to red color. Conceming extraction of fat of avocado seed, was found that hexane and CO2 supercritical treatment extracted approximately same quantity of fat, 3.08 and 3.07%, respectively, while ethanol extracted 0.79%. This results are according with microscopy observations where the cells without or poor in fat after CO2 supercritical extraction was observed cell walls destruction.
{"title":"AVOCADO SEED STRUCTURE AND QUATIFICATION OF FAT EXTRACTION BY DIFERENT THECHNIQUES","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.07.056","url":null,"abstract":"The avocado fruit (cv. Hass) is a berry wilh mesocarp and endocarp that contain one seed. In our study, this seed represented 15.0 to 16.0% of the weight in relation to fruit. For microscopy observations, sections were stained wilh tolution blue and was found that parenchima's cells of cotiledons had the major quantity of starch (blue to violet granules), while the embryo axis storage the major portíon of fat which was observed as refringent ambar droplets. The coat seed was observed, perfectly defined in schlerenchima and tannins cells that were brown to red color. Conceming extraction of fat of avocado seed, was found that hexane and CO2 supercritical treatment extracted approximately same quantity of fat, 3.08 and 3.07%, respectively, while ethanol extracted 0.79%. This results are according with microscopy observations where the cells without or poor in fat after CO2 supercritical extraction was observed cell walls destruction.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.045
G. Adar
This work, which was a part of the M.Se. studies in the Faculty of Agriculture in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, was carried out under the supervision of Prof. E.E. Goldschmidt. Two basie processes which take place concurrently in the avocado tree dwing the yearly cyde of growth and reproduction are discussed In thls essay: Dry matter production and its utllization.
{"title":"THE ANNUAL PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF DRY MATTER OF AN AVOCADO (Persea Americana MilI.) TREE","authors":"G. Adar","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.045","url":null,"abstract":"This work, which was a part of the M.Se. studies in the Faculty of Agriculture in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, was carried out under the supervision of Prof. E.E. Goldschmidt. Two basie processes which take place concurrently in the avocado tree dwing the yearly cyde of growth and reproduction are discussed In thls essay: Dry matter production and its utllization.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.01.010
In order to know the avocado genetic resources distribution in México, and their genetic diversity, collecting missions have been achieved in 24 States. The collecting sites and areas are described, and the gathered material - vegetative, fruits and seeds –is characterized according the UPOV Guide. We have a preliminary taxonomic dassification inside the genus Persea, and the major areas of genetic diversity are presented. Additionally, relationships between taxons and their environments have been established. Up to date, we have treated with about 600 accessions form Persea americana Mili. induding the three horticultural races, and Persea schiedeana Nees.
{"title":"GENETIC RESOURCES OF AVOCADO (Persea Americana Mili.) AN RELATED SPECIES IN MEXICO","authors":"","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"In order to know the avocado genetic resources distribution in México, and their genetic diversity, collecting missions have been achieved in 24 States. The collecting sites and areas are described, and the gathered material - vegetative, fruits and seeds –is characterized according the UPOV Guide. We have a preliminary taxonomic dassification inside the genus Persea, and the major areas of genetic diversity are presented. Additionally, relationships between taxons and their environments have been established. Up to date, we have treated with about 600 accessions form Persea americana Mili. induding the three horticultural races, and Persea schiedeana Nees.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70581013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.03.020
G. Thorp, I. Hallett
Genetic resource collections are important to the future security of fruit industries. Without research to locate, preserve, characterize and develop these resources they will be lost to future generations of avocado (Persea americana Mili.) growers and consumers. Dwarfing rootstock programmes rely on continued access to wild germplasm and to more formal collections in field gene banks. Such research provides an economic incentive to maintain and expand these collections. Strategies and progress on characterizing traits potentially useful for identifying dwarfing genotypes in the avocado germplasm are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"SEARCHING FOR \"PARADISE\" IN THE AVOCADO GERMPLASM","authors":"G. Thorp, I. Hallett","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic resource collections are important to the future security of fruit industries. Without research to locate, preserve, characterize and develop these resources they will be lost to future generations of avocado (Persea americana Mili.) growers and consumers. Dwarfing rootstock programmes rely on continued access to wild germplasm and to more formal collections in field gene banks. Such research provides an economic incentive to maintain and expand these collections. Strategies and progress on characterizing traits potentially useful for identifying dwarfing genotypes in the avocado germplasm are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70580901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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