Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.03.006
J. O. Jiménez-Zurita, I. Alia-Tejacal, R. Balois-Morales, J. M. Villarreal-Fuentes, C. Núñez-Colín, Guillermo Berumen-Varela
The soursop is a species of tropical fruit well accepted by consumers due to its creamy white pulp and excellent flavor. Currently, Mexico is the largest producer and consumer; however, the agronomic practices in use were established without a systematic knowledge of A. muricata L. phenology. The objective of this work then, was to conduct such a study in two of the main producing regions of Mexico: Tepic and Compostela (both in the state of Nayarit). For this, a total of 20 ungrafted trees were selected and their growth stages described using the extended BBCH-scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie). Overall, eight main phenological stages were identified over the course of a year. These were: the development of buds (stage 0), leaves (stage 1),and shoots (stage 3), the emergence of flowers (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development and maturity (stages 7-8), and senescence of branches (stage 9). In addition, 37 secondary growth stages were also described and quantified. The highest number of vegetative shoots occurred from March-July, 2017 and the biggest increase in floral structures from July–September, 2017. Fruit setting to physiological maturity took an average of 114 days in both Tepic and Compostela, with the most intense defoliation occurring in October, 2017 in the former (Tepic) and in December, 2016 in the latter (Compostela). Hopefully, improved agronomic practices will be established using this information, as well as suitable protocols for future physiological studies.
{"title":"Phenological growth stages of soursop trees (Annona muricata L.) based on the extended BBCH-scale","authors":"J. O. Jiménez-Zurita, I. Alia-Tejacal, R. Balois-Morales, J. M. Villarreal-Fuentes, C. Núñez-Colín, Guillermo Berumen-Varela","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"The soursop is a species of tropical fruit well accepted by consumers due to its creamy white pulp and excellent flavor. Currently, Mexico is the largest producer and consumer; however, the agronomic practices in use were established without a systematic knowledge of A. muricata L. phenology. The objective of this work then, was to conduct such a study in two of the main producing regions of Mexico: Tepic and Compostela (both in the state of Nayarit). For this, a total of 20 ungrafted trees were selected and their growth stages described using the extended BBCH-scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie). Overall, eight main phenological stages were identified over the course of a year. These were: the development of buds (stage 0), leaves (stage 1),and shoots (stage 3), the emergence of flowers (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development and maturity (stages 7-8), and senescence of branches (stage 9). In addition, 37 secondary growth stages were also described and quantified. The highest number of vegetative shoots occurred from March-July, 2017 and the biggest increase in floral structures from July–September, 2017. Fruit setting to physiological maturity took an average of 114 days in both Tepic and Compostela, with the most intense defoliation occurring in October, 2017 in the former (Tepic) and in December, 2016 in the latter (Compostela). Hopefully, improved agronomic practices will be established using this information, as well as suitable protocols for future physiological studies.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47532621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.009
Martha E López-López, María Fernanda Ramírez-Perales, L. E. Ayón-Reyna, F. Delgado-Vargas, Abraham Cruz-Mendívil, M. Vega-García
Mango is susceptible to chilling injury (CI). Its short-term exposure to heat treatments can induce tolerance to this disorder; however, a short time is not enough to control the fruit fly. In this sense, the application of sequential heat treatments where the quarantine treatment is included can bring great benefits for mango marketing. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of two different sequentially-applied hot water treatments (HWT) on CI tolerance and changes in oxidative metabolism in mango. Mangoes were divided into four groups: control, HWT1 (dipping in water at 46.1 °C for 75 min), HWT2 (dipping in water at 55 °C for 5 min), and HWT1 + HWT2. Fruits were stored at 5 °C/30 days to induce CI and thereafter at 21 °C for 8 days. Three replicates with five repetitions were used to evaluate CI index, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), weight loss (WL), color, firmness and enzymatic antioxidant activity. The use of HWT1 reduced CI during low temperature storage, while HWT2 and the HWT1 + HWT2 showed lower CI symptoms during ripening. The use of HWT1 showed a similar EL % and higher MDA content (7.07 x 104 nmol·L-1) than the control (6.68 x 104 nmol·L-1). HWT1 + HWT2 showed the lowest WL (2.98 %) and the highest enzymatic antioxidant activity during cold storage and during the first days at 21 °C, while HWT2 showed the highest color and firmness retention. Hot water treatments applied sequentially can be considered an effective alternative to induce CI tolerance and to maintain the quality of mango.
{"title":"Impact of two hot water treatments applied sequentially on oxidative metabolism related to chilling injury tolerance in mango fruit","authors":"Martha E López-López, María Fernanda Ramírez-Perales, L. E. Ayón-Reyna, F. Delgado-Vargas, Abraham Cruz-Mendívil, M. Vega-García","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2022.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"Mango is susceptible to chilling injury (CI). Its short-term exposure to heat treatments can induce tolerance to this disorder; however, a short time is not enough to control the fruit fly. In this sense, the application of sequential heat treatments where the quarantine treatment is included can bring great benefits for mango marketing. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of two different sequentially-applied hot water treatments (HWT) on CI tolerance and changes in oxidative metabolism in mango. Mangoes were divided into four groups: control, HWT1 (dipping in water at 46.1 °C for 75 min), HWT2 (dipping in water at 55 °C for 5 min), and HWT1 + HWT2. Fruits were stored at 5 °C/30 days to induce CI and thereafter at 21 °C for 8 days. Three replicates with five repetitions were used to evaluate CI index, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), weight loss (WL), color, firmness and enzymatic antioxidant activity. The use of HWT1 reduced CI during low temperature storage, while HWT2 and the HWT1 + HWT2 showed lower CI symptoms during ripening. The use of HWT1 showed a similar EL % and higher MDA content (7.07 x 104 nmol·L-1) than the control (6.68 x 104 nmol·L-1). HWT1 + HWT2 showed the lowest WL (2.98 %) and the highest enzymatic antioxidant activity during cold storage and during the first days at 21 °C, while HWT2 showed the highest color and firmness retention. Hot water treatments applied sequentially can be considered an effective alternative to induce CI tolerance and to maintain the quality of mango.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48513801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.06.009
A. Peña-Lomelí, L. Moreno_Sanchez, Alexa Sánchez-Mejía, Natanael Magaña-Lira, J. Martínez-Solís, J. Sahagún-Castellanos
In order to evaluate the physiological quality of tomatillo seeds over time and the effect of two environments, seeds of four varieties produced in 2013 were stored for three years under ambient conditions (23.43 ± 0.64 °C and 23 % RH) and at the Germplasm Bank (-20 °C and 13 % RH) of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Mexico. They were sampled every year from October 2013 to November 2016. Germination and vigor tests were performed in each sampling under a completely randomized experimental design with six replications. Germination percentage was determined at 30 °C for 21 days in a germination chamber. Vigor was evaluated by means of the germination speed index (GSI), seedling length (SL), seedling dry weight (SDW) and percentage of normal seedlings (NS). After three years of storage, germination decreased 4.3 %, where the highest percentages were obtained with the Diamante and Tecozautla 04 varieties. However, the four varieties evaluated showed more than 90 % germination. No significant effect of storage environments on germination was observed, although the highest GSI and NS values were obtained under the storage conditions of the Germplasm Bank. The Diamante variety showed the highest germination percentage and GSI values. In the vigor variables (GSI, SL and SDW) a negative influence was observed due to the effect of storage time. germination, vigor, seed quality, deterioration, conservation
{"title":"Physiological quality of tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) seed under two storage conditions","authors":"A. Peña-Lomelí, L. Moreno_Sanchez, Alexa Sánchez-Mejía, Natanael Magaña-Lira, J. Martínez-Solís, J. Sahagún-Castellanos","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the physiological quality of tomatillo seeds over time and the effect of two environments, seeds of four varieties produced in 2013 were stored for three years under ambient conditions (23.43 ± 0.64 °C and 23 % RH) and at the Germplasm Bank (-20 °C and 13 % RH) of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Mexico. They were sampled every year from October 2013 to November 2016. Germination and vigor tests were performed in each sampling under a completely randomized experimental design with six replications. Germination percentage was determined at 30 °C for 21 days in a germination chamber. Vigor was evaluated by means of the germination speed index (GSI), seedling length (SL), seedling dry weight (SDW) and percentage of normal seedlings (NS). After three years of storage, germination decreased 4.3 %, where the highest percentages were obtained with the Diamante and Tecozautla 04 varieties. However, the four varieties evaluated showed more than 90 % germination. No significant effect of storage environments on germination was observed, although the highest GSI and NS values were obtained under the storage conditions of the Germplasm Bank. The Diamante variety showed the highest germination percentage and GSI values. In the vigor variables (GSI, SL and SDW) a negative influence was observed due to the effect of storage time. germination, vigor, seed quality, deterioration, conservation","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.03.005
J. Andrés-Agustín, J. Cruz-Castillo, José Carlos Bautista-Villegas
Garcinia intermedia (Pittier) Hammel, known as the lemon drop mangosteen in English and by a variety of names including limoncillo and toronjil in Mexico, belongs to the family Clusiaceae, and is distributed in the warm tropical regions of Mexico and Central America at elevations of 300 to 1,000 m. It is an underutilized fruit tree that reaches up to 20 m in height and produces yellow fruits with up to four seeds. The pulp is bittersweet and is highly valued by the rural population of the regions where it grows, where bats and spider monkeys also consume it. The fruit has medicinal properties; it is rich in benzophenones, which attack colon cancer cells. The fruit of G. intermedia has higher antioxidant capacity than the fruit of the mangosteen (G. mangostana Linn.); however, little is known about the horticultural management of this species, and basic knowledge, such as asexual propagation or postharvest conservation, has not been reported. There is no information on ex situ conservation of this species in Mexico and Central America, and no selection of outstanding specimens with high quality fruits has been made. Most of the information reported so far for this species is about its ecology and medicinal properties.
{"title":"Garcinia intermedia, a little-known fruit tree in the American tropics","authors":"J. Andrés-Agustín, J. Cruz-Castillo, José Carlos Bautista-Villegas","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"Garcinia intermedia (Pittier) Hammel, known as the lemon drop mangosteen in English and by a variety of names including limoncillo and toronjil in Mexico, belongs to the family Clusiaceae, and is distributed in the warm tropical regions of Mexico and Central America at elevations of 300 to 1,000 m. It is an underutilized fruit tree that reaches up to 20 m in height and produces yellow fruits with up to four seeds. The pulp is bittersweet and is highly valued by the rural population of the regions where it grows, where bats and spider monkeys also consume it. The fruit has medicinal properties; it is rich in benzophenones, which attack colon cancer cells. The fruit of G. intermedia has higher antioxidant capacity than the fruit of the mangosteen (G. mangostana Linn.); however, little is known about the horticultural management of this species, and basic knowledge, such as asexual propagation or postharvest conservation, has not been reported. There is no information on ex situ conservation of this species in Mexico and Central America, and no selection of outstanding specimens with high quality fruits has been made. Most of the information reported so far for this species is about its ecology and medicinal properties.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.05.008
Nora Virginia Useche-Carrillo, J. Ayala-Arreola, Eduardo Campos-Rojas, A. F. Barrientos-Priego
El uso de portainjertos de aguacate es muy común, pero éstos han sido poco estudiados desde el punto de vista anatómico y fisiológico de la hoja, variables que pueden ser útiles para entender su papel al ser injertados, como las relacionadas con los estomas y el intercambio de gases. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las características de los estomas e intercambio de gases de la lámina foliar en plántulas derivadas de semilla de aguacate ‘Colín V-33’ para determinar posibles relaciones entre estas. Se utilizaron 93 plantas derivadas de semilla de ‘Colín V-33’ de seis meses de edad. Se evaluaron cuatro variables de estomas y cinco de intercambio de gases en la hoja once de cada planta. Los estomas se clasificaron como anomocíticos, y su longitud fue de 13.11 a 19.65 µm, su densidad varió de 317.65 a 105.88 estomas·mm-2 y su índice estomático fue de 11.78 a 26.16 %. Se encontró correlación positiva significativa entre las variables fisiológicas conductancia estomática y tasa de transpiración (r = 0.96**), mientras que en la tasa de asimilación de CO2 y la concentración interna de CO2 existió una correlación negativa (r = -0.64**). No se encontró asociación entre las características de intercambio de gases y las variables relacionadas con estomas. Debido a la variación encontrada en la densidad y el índice estomático, es posible seleccionar genotipos contrastantes que podrían tener impacto en el injerto cuando sean utilizados como portainjertos, dada la evidencia de otros estudios donde hay modificaciones en dichas variables.
{"title":"Relaciones entre características estomáticas y de intercambio de gases de la lámina foliar en plántulas de semilla de aguacate ‘Colín V-33’","authors":"Nora Virginia Useche-Carrillo, J. Ayala-Arreola, Eduardo Campos-Rojas, A. F. Barrientos-Priego","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"El uso de portainjertos de aguacate es muy común, pero éstos han sido poco estudiados desde el punto de vista anatómico y fisiológico de la hoja, variables que pueden ser útiles para entender su papel al ser injertados, como las relacionadas con los estomas y el intercambio de gases. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las características de los estomas e intercambio de gases de la lámina foliar en plántulas derivadas de semilla de aguacate ‘Colín V-33’ para determinar posibles relaciones entre estas. Se utilizaron 93 plantas derivadas de semilla de ‘Colín V-33’ de seis meses de edad. Se evaluaron cuatro variables de estomas y cinco de intercambio de gases en la hoja once de cada planta. Los estomas se clasificaron como anomocíticos, y su longitud fue de 13.11 a 19.65 µm, su densidad varió de 317.65 a 105.88 estomas·mm-2 y su índice estomático fue de 11.78 a 26.16 %. Se encontró correlación positiva significativa entre las variables fisiológicas conductancia estomática y tasa de transpiración (r = 0.96**), mientras que en la tasa de asimilación de CO2 y la concentración interna de CO2 existió una correlación negativa (r = -0.64**). No se encontró asociación entre las características de intercambio de gases y las variables relacionadas con estomas. Debido a la variación encontrada en la densidad y el índice estomático, es posible seleccionar genotipos contrastantes que podrían tener impacto en el injerto cuando sean utilizados como portainjertos, dada la evidencia de otros estudios donde hay modificaciones en dichas variables.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.03.004
Héctor Luna-Vicente, A. Peña-Lomelí, Natanael Magaña-Lira, J. Rodríguez-de la O, J. Martínez-Solís
The objective was to propagate select Physalis ixocarpa plants in vitro, acclimatize them and describe their phenological cycle. The in vitro response of stem apices was evaluated in families from the Tecozautla 04, Manzano Tepetlixpa and Morado San Miguel varieties. The apices were cultured in a medium containing Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts (100 %), supplemented with 0.4 mg·L-1 thiamine, 60 mg·L-1 L-cysteine, 100 mg·L-1 myo-inositol, 0.5 mg·L-1 nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg·L-1 pantothenic acid, 3 % sucrose and 7 g·L-1 agar, without growth regulators and the pH adjusted to 5.7 ± 0.1. in vitro rooting was done for 30 days, with 16 h of light at 3,000 μmol∙m-2∙s-1. The variables evaluated in vitro were seedling height, vigor, callus presence, root length, and number of leaves, roots, stems and buds. Plants produced in vitro were acclimatized and transplanted in greenhouses to follow their phenological cycle. The variables evaluated in acclimatization and phenological cycle were plant height and number of leaves, buds, flowers and set fruits. A completely randomized design was used for the in vitro evaluation, and randomized complete blocks for the greenhouse. The families with the best morphogenic responses in vitro were Tecozautla 04 and Manzano, and in phenological development they presented greater plant height. In acclimatization, survival was 100 % in all clones. in vitro responses, acclimatization and phenology depended on the variety and families.
目的是选育硬浆植株，对其进行离体驯化并描述其物候周期。对Tecozautla 04、Manzano Tepetlixpa和Morado San Miguel三个品种的茎尖进行了体外反应评价。培养基中添加0.4 mg·L-1硫胺素、60 mg·L-1 l -半胱氨酸、100 mg·L-1肌醇、0.5 mg·L-1烟酸、0.5 mg·L-1全酸、3%蔗糖和7 g·L-1琼脂，不添加生长调节剂，pH调节为5.7±0.1。在3000 μmol∙m-2∙s-1光照16 h的条件下，体外生根30 d。在离体条件下评估的变量包括幼苗高度、活力、愈伤组织存在、根长、叶、根、茎和芽的数量。将离体植株移栽到温室中，以适应其物候周期。驯化和物候循环的变量为株高、叶数、芽数、花数和坐果数。体外评价采用完全随机设计，温室采用随机完整区。体外形态发生反应最好的科是Tecozautla 04和Manzano，物候发育表现出更高的株高。在驯化过程中，所有无性系的存活率均为100%。体外反应、驯化和物候学取决于品种和科。
{"title":"In vitro propagation of select tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) plant families","authors":"Héctor Luna-Vicente, A. Peña-Lomelí, Natanael Magaña-Lira, J. Rodríguez-de la O, J. Martínez-Solís","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to propagate select Physalis ixocarpa plants in vitro, acclimatize them and describe their phenological cycle. The in vitro response of stem apices was evaluated in families from the Tecozautla 04, Manzano Tepetlixpa and Morado San Miguel varieties. The apices were cultured in a medium containing Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts (100 %), supplemented with 0.4 mg·L-1 thiamine, 60 mg·L-1 L-cysteine, 100 mg·L-1 myo-inositol, 0.5 mg·L-1 nicotinic acid, 0.5 mg·L-1 pantothenic acid, 3 % sucrose and 7 g·L-1 agar, without growth regulators and the pH adjusted to 5.7 ± 0.1. in vitro rooting was done for 30 days, with 16 h of light at 3,000 μmol∙m-2∙s-1. The variables evaluated in vitro were seedling height, vigor, callus presence, root length, and number of leaves, roots, stems and buds. Plants produced in vitro were acclimatized and transplanted in greenhouses to follow their phenological cycle. The variables evaluated in acclimatization and phenological cycle were plant height and number of leaves, buds, flowers and set fruits. A completely randomized design was used for the in vitro evaluation, and randomized complete blocks for the greenhouse. The families with the best morphogenic responses in vitro were Tecozautla 04 and Manzano, and in phenological development they presented greater plant height. In acclimatization, survival was 100 % in all clones. in vitro responses, acclimatization and phenology depended on the variety and families.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.01.001
S. Parra-Terraza, A. Angúlo-Castro, P. Sánchez-Peña, J. B. Valdez-Torres, W. Rubio-Carrasco
Intensive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in coastal areas of Sinaloa is exposed to significant amounts of Cl and Na deposited by sea breezes and irrigation water, which affects the yield of this vegetable. The aim of this study was to evaluate three percentage ratios of Cl-/anions (25/100, 50/100 and 75/100) and three percentage ratios of Na+/cations (25/100, 50/100 and 75/100) in the nutrient solution on mineral composition, dry matter production and yield of tomato. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 32 factorial arrangement and four replications. Analysis of variance and mean comparisons were performed (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Cl and Na concentrations in tomato leaves, stems and fruits increased significantly with increasing ratios of Cl-/anions and Na+/cations in the nutrient solution. The 75/100 Cl-/anions ratio reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the Ca concentration in leaves, while the 75/100 Na+/cations ratio decreased (P ≤ 0.05) K concentrations in leaves and stems. Both ratios reduced aerial dry biomass (48 and 25.8 %, respectively) and tomato yield (50.8 and 45.7 %, respectively). The results indicate that tomato plants grown with the 75/100 percentage ratio of Cl-/anions or the 75/100 percentage ratio of Na+/ cations absorb excessive amounts of Cl or Na, which causes ionic imbalance (especially of K+ and Ca2+) and affects dry matter production and yield.
{"title":"Effect of Cl- and Na+ ratios in nutrient solutions on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield in a hydroponic system","authors":"S. Parra-Terraza, A. Angúlo-Castro, P. Sánchez-Peña, J. B. Valdez-Torres, W. Rubio-Carrasco","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in coastal areas of Sinaloa is exposed to significant amounts of Cl and Na deposited by sea breezes and irrigation water, which affects the yield of this vegetable. The aim of this study was to evaluate three percentage ratios of Cl-/anions (25/100, 50/100 and 75/100) and three percentage ratios of Na+/cations (25/100, 50/100 and 75/100) in the nutrient solution on mineral composition, dry matter production and yield of tomato. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 32 factorial arrangement and four replications. Analysis of variance and mean comparisons were performed (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Cl and Na concentrations in tomato leaves, stems and fruits increased significantly with increasing ratios of Cl-/anions and Na+/cations in the nutrient solution. The 75/100 Cl-/anions ratio reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the Ca concentration in leaves, while the 75/100 Na+/cations ratio decreased (P ≤ 0.05) K concentrations in leaves and stems. Both ratios reduced aerial dry biomass (48 and 25.8 %, respectively) and tomato yield (50.8 and 45.7 %, respectively). The results indicate that tomato plants grown with the 75/100 percentage ratio of Cl-/anions or the 75/100 percentage ratio of Na+/ cations absorb excessive amounts of Cl or Na, which causes ionic imbalance (especially of K+ and Ca2+) and affects dry matter production and yield.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.01.003
Norma Miguel-Zarate, O. Ayala-Garay, F. S. Castillo, J. Magdaleno-Villar, Colegio de Posgraduados
Un sistema alternativo de producción de jitomate consiste en establecer tres ciclos cortos de cultivo al año manejados con alta densidad de población (9 plantas·m-2 21 ) y despuntes tempranos. Para lograr lo anterior, es necesario alargar la fase de almacigo hasta dos meses. En este estudio el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de tres retardadores de crecimiento (Uniconazol, Paclobutrazol y Propiconazol), con una o dos aplicaciones (a los 25 y 50 días después de la siembra [dds]) y dos dosis por retardador (baja y alta), sobre la calidad de la plántula de jitomate del híbrido comercial DRD 8537. A los 31, 49 y 66 dds se evaluó la altura de planta, el diámetro de tallo y el número de hojas. A los 66 dds, además de lo anterior, se evaluó el área foliar, el peso fresco y el contenido de materia seca de la planta. Los retardadores afectaron la altura, el diámetro, el peso fresco y la materia seca. El número de aplicaciones no tuvo efecto significativo, y la dosis alta redujo la altura y el área foliar. Los retardadores permitieron alargar el periodo de la plántula en almacigo a dos meses, sin afectar su calidad. El Paclobutrazol fue el retardador que tuvo mejor respuesta en la reducción de la altura y el área foliar, lo que se traduce en plántulas más compactas.
{"title":"Uso de retardadores de crecimiento vegetal en plántulas de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Norma Miguel-Zarate, O. Ayala-Garay, F. S. Castillo, J. Magdaleno-Villar, Colegio de Posgraduados","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Un sistema alternativo de producción de jitomate consiste en establecer tres ciclos cortos de cultivo al año manejados con alta densidad de población (9 plantas·m-2 21 ) y despuntes tempranos. Para lograr lo anterior, es necesario alargar la fase de almacigo hasta dos meses. En este estudio el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de tres retardadores de crecimiento (Uniconazol, Paclobutrazol y Propiconazol), con una o dos aplicaciones (a los 25 y 50 días después de la siembra [dds]) y dos dosis por retardador (baja y alta), sobre la calidad de la plántula de jitomate del híbrido comercial DRD 8537. A los 31, 49 y 66 dds se evaluó la altura de planta, el diámetro de tallo y el número de hojas. A los 66 dds, además de lo anterior, se evaluó el área foliar, el peso fresco y el contenido de materia seca de la planta. Los retardadores afectaron la altura, el diámetro, el peso fresco y la materia seca. El número de aplicaciones no tuvo efecto significativo, y la dosis alta redujo la altura y el área foliar. Los retardadores permitieron alargar el periodo de la plántula en almacigo a dos meses, sin afectar su calidad. El Paclobutrazol fue el retardador que tuvo mejor respuesta en la reducción de la altura y el área foliar, lo que se traduce en plántulas más compactas.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5154/r.rchsh.2020.05.009
D. Hashemabadi, H. A. Aboksari, Donya Hedayat Rad, B. Kaviani
Some chemicals such as 8-HQS used for prolonging the vase life of cut flowers are harmful to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to identify natural compounds to delay senescence and tissues destroying of cut flowers. Essential oils with antimicrobial properties can have a significant effect on the vase life of cut flowers without any problems. The effect of dill (Anethum graveolens), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and caraway (Cuminum cyminum) essential oils and alcohol on the vase life of Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv ‘Yellow Candy’ were investigated. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oils showed that the highest percentage of essences in geranium (13.03 %), caraway (26.05 %) and dill (52.23 %) were geraniol, methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal and linalool, respectively. Vase life was increased to 15.43 and 15.11 by using 100 mg·L-1 dill and 50 mg·L-1 28 geranium essential oil solutions, respectively. Solution uptake (2.18 mL·g-1 FW) and the activity of catalase (1.78 µg·g-1 29 FW) were also highest in 100 mg·L-1 dill essential oil solution compared to distilled water (1.07 mL·g-1 30 FW and 0.90 µg·g-1 FW, respectively). In conclusion, the 2 % alcohol, 100 mg·L-1 dill, 50 mg·L-1 31 geranium, and 100 mg·L-1 32 cumin induced the highest vase life. Therefore, dill essential oil (at a concentration of 100 mg·L-1 33 ) is introduced as the most appropriate, effective and safest treatment.
{"title":"Extracts of herbs and alcohol increase vase life of Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv 5 ‘Yellow Candy’","authors":"D. Hashemabadi, H. A. Aboksari, Donya Hedayat Rad, B. Kaviani","doi":"10.5154/r.rchsh.2020.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2020.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"Some chemicals such as 8-HQS used for prolonging the vase life of cut flowers are harmful to human health. Therefore, it is necessary to identify natural compounds to delay senescence and tissues destroying of cut flowers. Essential oils with antimicrobial properties can have a significant effect on the vase life of cut flowers without any problems. The effect of dill (Anethum graveolens), geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and caraway (Cuminum cyminum) essential oils and alcohol on the vase life of Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv ‘Yellow Candy’ were investigated. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the essential oils showed that the highest percentage of essences in geranium (13.03 %), caraway (26.05 %) and dill (52.23 %) were geraniol, methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal and linalool, respectively. Vase life was increased to 15.43 and 15.11 by using 100 mg·L-1 dill and 50 mg·L-1 28 geranium essential oil solutions, respectively. Solution uptake (2.18 mL·g-1 FW) and the activity of catalase (1.78 µg·g-1 29 FW) were also highest in 100 mg·L-1 dill essential oil solution compared to distilled water (1.07 mL·g-1 30 FW and 0.90 µg·g-1 FW, respectively). In conclusion, the 2 % alcohol, 100 mg·L-1 dill, 50 mg·L-1 31 geranium, and 100 mg·L-1 32 cumin induced the highest vase life. Therefore, dill essential oil (at a concentration of 100 mg·L-1 33 ) is introduced as the most appropriate, effective and safest treatment.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70583259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5154/R.RCHSH.2020.05.010
E. D. C. Moreno-Pérez, F. Castillo, Mario Ruiz-Díaz, E. Contreras-Magaña
he development of an alternative greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production system to obtain four annual growing cycles requires delaying transplantation from 50 to 60 days after sowing (das). The study objectives were to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol applications and population densities in the seedbed on the quality of seedlings to be transplanted at 60 das, and on the number of flowers and yield of plants pruned to three clusters. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with a split-plot arrangement with four replicates and 16 treatments that resulted from combining two population densities (150 and 300 seedlings∙m-2) and seven paclobutrazol treatments (one, two and three applications with 25 and 50mg∙L-1 of active ingredient), plus two controls (without application). The lower density in the seedbed resulted in lower height, larger stem diameter and higher seedling dry weight at 60 das; however, at the end of the growing cycle the number of flowers and the yield per plant were lower. Triple applications of paclobutrazol, with 25 and 50 mg∙L-1, significantly decreased height and leaf area, but dry weight and stem thickness were similar to the control. Triple application of paclobutrazol resulted in two flowers and two more fruits per plant compared to the control, possibly because the temporary arrest of vegetative growth, caused by paclobutrazol, left more photoassimilates available for the inflorescences in formation.
{"title":"Effect of population densities and paclobutrazol applications on seedling quality and yield in tomato","authors":"E. D. C. Moreno-Pérez, F. Castillo, Mario Ruiz-Díaz, E. Contreras-Magaña","doi":"10.5154/R.RCHSH.2020.05.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5154/R.RCHSH.2020.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"he development of an alternative greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production system to obtain four annual growing cycles requires delaying transplantation from 50 to 60 days after sowing (das). The study objectives were to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol applications and population densities in the seedbed on the quality of seedlings to be transplanted at 60 das, and on the number of flowers and yield of plants pruned to three clusters. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with a split-plot arrangement with four replicates and 16 treatments that resulted from combining two population densities (150 and 300 seedlings∙m-2) and seven paclobutrazol treatments (one, two and three applications with 25 and 50mg∙L-1 of active ingredient), plus two controls (without application). The lower density in the seedbed resulted in lower height, larger stem diameter and higher seedling dry weight at 60 das; however, at the end of the growing cycle the number of flowers and the yield per plant were lower. Triple applications of paclobutrazol, with 25 and 50 mg∙L-1, significantly decreased height and leaf area, but dry weight and stem thickness were similar to the control. Triple application of paclobutrazol resulted in two flowers and two more fruits per plant compared to the control, possibly because the temporary arrest of vegetative growth, caused by paclobutrazol, left more photoassimilates available for the inflorescences in formation.","PeriodicalId":38261,"journal":{"name":"Revista Chapingo, Serie Horticultura","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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