A numerical investigation has been carried out for a range of flow and geometrical parameters in order to analyze the effect of transverse perforated baffles attached on the heated wall of rectangular duct on heat transfer and friction factor. An increase in heat transfer and friction loss over a smooth surface has been observed for duct having perforated baffles as a roughness element. Numerical results have been used to develop the Nusselt number and friction factor correlations as a function of flow and geometrical parameters for predicting performance of the system having investigated the type of roughness elements. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014.33
{"title":"Numerical Based Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Correlations of Rectangular Ducts Roughened With Transverse Perforated Baffles","authors":"S. Chamoli, N. Thakur","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V11I2.594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V11I2.594","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical investigation has been carried out for a range of flow and geometrical parameters in order to analyze the effect of transverse perforated baffles attached on the heated wall of rectangular duct on heat transfer and friction factor. An increase in heat transfer and friction loss over a smooth surface has been observed for duct having perforated baffles as a roughness element. Numerical results have been used to develop the Nusselt number and friction factor correlations as a function of flow and geometrical parameters for predicting performance of the system having investigated the type of roughness elements. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014.33","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"107-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68183083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Kardam, K. R. Raj, J. Arora, S. Srivastava
Simulation and optimization of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for modeling biosorption studies of cadmium removal using nanocellulose fibers (NCFs) was carried out. Experimental studies led to the standardization of the optimum conditions for the removal of cadmium ions i.e. biomass dosage (0.5 g), test volume (200 ml), metal concentration (25 mg/l), pH (6.5) and contact time (40 min). A Single layer ANN model was developed to simulate the process and to predict the sorption efficiency of Cd (II) ions using NCFs. Different NN architectures were tested by varying network topology, resulting in excellent agreement between experiment outputs and ANN outputs. The findings indicated that ANN provided reasonable predictive performance for training, cross validation and testing data sets (R 2 = 0.998, 0.995, 0.992). A sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the influence of different independent parameters on the biosorption efficiency, and pH > biomass dosage > metal concentration > contact time > test volume were found to be the most significant factors. Simulations based on the developed ANN model can estimate the behavior of the biosorption phenomenon process under different experimental conditions. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014.4
{"title":"Simulation and Optimization of Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Prediction of Sorption Efficiency of Nanocellulose Fibers for Removal of Cd (II) Ions from Aqueous System","authors":"Abhishek Kardam, K. R. Raj, J. Arora, S. Srivastava","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V11I6.625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V11I6.625","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation and optimization of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for modeling biosorption studies of cadmium removal using nanocellulose fibers (NCFs) was carried out. Experimental studies led to the standardization of the optimum conditions for the removal of cadmium ions i.e. biomass dosage (0.5 g), test volume (200 ml), metal concentration (25 mg/l), pH (6.5) and contact time (40 min). A Single layer ANN model was developed to simulate the process and to predict the sorption efficiency of Cd (II) ions using NCFs. Different NN architectures were tested by varying network topology, resulting in excellent agreement between experiment outputs and ANN outputs. The findings indicated that ANN provided reasonable predictive performance for training, cross validation and testing data sets (R 2 = 0.998, 0.995, 0.992). A sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the influence of different independent parameters on the biosorption efficiency, and pH > biomass dosage > metal concentration > contact time > test volume were found to be the most significant factors. Simulations based on the developed ANN model can estimate the behavior of the biosorption phenomenon process under different experimental conditions. doi: 10.14456/WJST.2014.4","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM) has been used to derive a highly accurate analytic solution for the steady three-dimensional problem of a condensation film on an inclined rotating disk. With a similarity solution method, the governing equations can be reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The control parameter (ħ) in the HAM is derived by using the averaged residual error method. Using the optimal control parameter provides a superior control on the convergence and accuracy of the analytical solution. The velocity and temperature profiles are shown and the influence of Prandtl number on the temperature profiles is discussed in detail. The validity of the obtained solutions is verified by the numerical results.
{"title":"Analytical Solution for Three-Dimensional Steady Flow of Condensation Film on Inclined Rotating Disk by Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method","authors":"H. N. Hassan, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I5.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I5.255","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM) has been used to derive a highly accurate analytic solution for the steady three-dimensional problem of a condensation film on an inclined rotating disk. With a similarity solution method, the governing equations can be reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The control parameter (ħ) in the HAM is derived by using the averaged residual error method. Using the optimal control parameter provides a superior control on the convergence and accuracy of the analytical solution. The velocity and temperature profiles are shown and the influence of Prandtl number on the temperature profiles is discussed in detail. The validity of the obtained solutions is verified by the numerical results.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"479-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umer Hayat, A. Kamran, Ambreen Bibi, A. Yıldırım, S. Mohyud-Din
In this paper, we apply Homotopy Perturbation Transformation Method (HPM) using the Laplace transformation to tackle time-fractional systems of Partial Differential equations. The proposed technique is fully compatible with the complexity of these problems and obtained results are highly encouraging. Numerical results coupled with graphical representations explicitly reveal the complete reliability and efficiency of the suggested algorithm.
{"title":"On System of Time-Fractional Partial Differential Equations","authors":"Umer Hayat, A. Kamran, Ambreen Bibi, A. Yıldırım, S. Mohyud-Din","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I5.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I5.317","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we apply Homotopy Perturbation Transformation Method (HPM) using the Laplace transformation to tackle time-fractional systems of Partial Differential equations. The proposed technique is fully compatible with the complexity of these problems and obtained results are highly encouraging. Numerical results coupled with graphical representations explicitly reveal the complete reliability and efficiency of the suggested algorithm.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"437-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rajeswarapalanichamy, A. Murugan, S. Kanagaprabha, S. Puvaneswari, K. Iyakutti
The ground state energies of non-magnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of 3D electron crystals corresponding to hcp structure are computed. In each case, the possibility of the Wigner electrons having cubic or spherical constant energy surface (the region of integration in momentum space) is investigated. The role of correlation energy is suitably taken into account. The range of the low density region favourable for Wigner electron crystallization is found. The structure dependent Wannier functions, which give proper localized representation for the Wigner electrons in the crystal, are employed in the calculation.
{"title":"Investigation of Electron Crystallization in a HCP Structure","authors":"R. Rajeswarapalanichamy, A. Murugan, S. Kanagaprabha, S. Puvaneswari, K. Iyakutti","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I4.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I4.268","url":null,"abstract":"The ground state energies of non-magnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of 3D electron crystals corresponding to hcp structure are computed. In each case, the possibility of the Wigner electrons having cubic or spherical constant energy surface (the region of integration in momentum space) is investigated. The role of correlation energy is suitably taken into account. The range of the low density region favourable for Wigner electron crystallization is found. The structure dependent Wannier functions, which give proper localized representation for the Wigner electrons in the crystal, are employed in the calculation.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to study the convergence of the Homotopy analysis method (HAM) for solving Fredholm integral equations. A sufficient condition for convergence of the method is illustrated. The validity of the presented condition for convergence of the HAM is studied for two examples. The comparison of the obtained results by the method with an exact solution shows that the method is reliable and capable of providing analytic treatment for solving such equations.
{"title":"On the Convergence of the Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving Fredholm Integral Equations","authors":"B. Ghanbari","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I4.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I4.318","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to study the convergence of the Homotopy analysis method (HAM) for solving Fredholm integral equations. A sufficient condition for convergence of the method is illustrated. The validity of the presented condition for convergence of the HAM is studied for two examples. The comparison of the obtained results by the method with an exact solution shows that the method is reliable and capable of providing analytic treatment for solving such equations.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"395-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of SU-Algebra was initiated by Supawadee Keawrahun and Utsanee Leerawat. This paper introduces the notion of Bifuzzy SU-subalgebra and deals with some of their basic but interesting properties related to the Cartesian product and Homomorphism by applying the idea of a Bifuzzy subset.
{"title":"On Bifuzzy SU-Subalgebras","authors":"P. MuraliKrishna, M. Chandramouleeswaran","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I4.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I4.442","url":null,"abstract":"The study of SU-Algebra was initiated by Supawadee Keawrahun and Utsanee Leerawat. This paper introduces the notion of Bifuzzy SU-subalgebra and deals with some of their basic but interesting properties related to the Cartesian product and Homomorphism by applying the idea of a Bifuzzy subset.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"415-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fuzzy primal simplex method proposed by Mahdavi-Amiri et al. and the fuzzy dual simplex method proposed by SH Nasseri and A Ebrahimnejad are two current procedures for solving linear programming problems with fuzzy cost coefficients known as reduced fuzzy numbers linear programming (RFNLP) problems. In this paper, we prove that in the absence of degeneracy these fuzzy methods stop in a finite numbers of iterations. We also prove the fundamental theorem of linear programming in a crisp environment to a fuzzy one. Finally, we illustrate our proof by use of a numerical example.
{"title":"Some New Results in Linear Programming Problems with Fuzzy Cost Coefficients","authors":"A. Ebrahimnejad","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I2.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I2.424","url":null,"abstract":"The fuzzy primal simplex method proposed by Mahdavi-Amiri et al. and the fuzzy dual simplex method proposed by SH Nasseri and A Ebrahimnejad are two current procedures for solving linear programming problems with fuzzy cost coefficients known as reduced fuzzy numbers linear programming (RFNLP) problems. In this paper, we prove that in the absence of degeneracy these fuzzy methods stop in a finite numbers of iterations. We also prove the fundamental theorem of linear programming in a crisp environment to a fuzzy one. Finally, we illustrate our proof by use of a numerical example.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chakrabarty, A. K. Saha, B. Manna, B. B. Bindroo
Nosema bombycis is a pathogen causing pebrine disease of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori . The disease spreads mainly through transovarian transmission of environmental spore and secondarily through contaminated food, rearing appliances, etc . by primary spores. Ultra-structure studies using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of the two spores revealed differences in the primary spore which contained a Short Polar Tube (ST) with a thin wall ( 200 nm). It is observed that the yield of spore with LT is highest in female moths, whereas, it is spores with ST are highest in male moths. Besides ultra-structures, the development pattern of the two types of spores is also different. It is an interesting finding in the present study that, spores of N. bombycis produced two types of spores and multiplied in different gender under the influence of the host’s reproductive role and physiology for transmission of disease. The detailed study on ultra-structure of disporous N. bombycis in both the sexes of B. mori along with their development in the life cycle stages of silkworms with special reference to the inoculum concentration of spore is discussed.
{"title":"Gender Influenced Spore Dimorphism in Nosema bombycis Nageli Causing Pebrine Disease in Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.","authors":"S. Chakrabarty, A. K. Saha, B. Manna, B. B. Bindroo","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I2.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I2.303","url":null,"abstract":"Nosema bombycis is a pathogen causing pebrine disease of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori . The disease spreads mainly through transovarian transmission of environmental spore and secondarily through contaminated food, rearing appliances, etc . by primary spores. Ultra-structure studies using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of the two spores revealed differences in the primary spore which contained a Short Polar Tube (ST) with a thin wall ( 200 nm). It is observed that the yield of spore with LT is highest in female moths, whereas, it is spores with ST are highest in male moths. Besides ultra-structures, the development pattern of the two types of spores is also different. It is an interesting finding in the present study that, spores of N. bombycis produced two types of spores and multiplied in different gender under the influence of the host’s reproductive role and physiology for transmission of disease. The detailed study on ultra-structure of disporous N. bombycis in both the sexes of B. mori along with their development in the life cycle stages of silkworms with special reference to the inoculum concentration of spore is discussed.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68181867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Heydari, A. Abbasi, Seyed Mohammad Rohani, S. Hosseini
Chemical and statistical regression analysis on drinking water samples at five fields (21 sampling wells) with hot and dry climate in Kashan city, central Iran was carried out. Samples were collected during October 2006 to May 2007 (25 - 30 °C). Comparing the results with drinking water quality standards issued by World Health Organization (WHO), it is found that some of the water samples are not potable. Hydrochemical facies using a Piper diagram indicate that in most parts of the city, the chemical character of water is dominated by NaCl. All samples showed sulfate and sodium ion higher and K + and F - content lower than the permissible limit. A strongly positive correlation is observed between TDS and EC (R = 0.995) and Ca 2+ and TH (R = 0.948). The results showed that regression relations have the same correlation coefficients: (I) pH -TH, EC -TH (R = 0.520), (II) NO 3 - -pH, TH-pH (R = 0.520), (III) Ca 2+ -SO 4 2- , TH-SO 4 2- , Cl - -SO 4 2- (R = 0.630). The results revealed that systematic calculations of correlation coefficients between water parameters and regression analysis provide a useful means for rapid monitoring of water quality.
{"title":"Correlation Study and Regression Analysis of Drinking Water Quality in Kashan City, Iran","authors":"M. Heydari, A. Abbasi, Seyed Mohammad Rohani, S. Hosseini","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I3.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I3.338","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical and statistical regression analysis on drinking water samples at five fields (21 sampling wells) with hot and dry climate in Kashan city, central Iran was carried out. Samples were collected during October 2006 to May 2007 (25 - 30 °C). Comparing the results with drinking water quality standards issued by World Health Organization (WHO), it is found that some of the water samples are not potable. Hydrochemical facies using a Piper diagram indicate that in most parts of the city, the chemical character of water is dominated by NaCl. All samples showed sulfate and sodium ion higher and K + and F - content lower than the permissible limit. A strongly positive correlation is observed between TDS and EC (R = 0.995) and Ca 2+ and TH (R = 0.948). The results showed that regression relations have the same correlation coefficients: (I) pH -TH, EC -TH (R = 0.520), (II) NO 3 - -pH, TH-pH (R = 0.520), (III) Ca 2+ -SO 4 2- , TH-SO 4 2- , Cl - -SO 4 2- (R = 0.630). The results revealed that systematic calculations of correlation coefficients between water parameters and regression analysis provide a useful means for rapid monitoring of water quality.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"315-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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