{"title":"The Evolution of Religious Communities in Bessarabia's Khotyn County (1812-1868): Between Freedom of Worship and the Tsarist Government's Policy","authors":"Tamara Bogachik","doi":"10.4316/cc.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70431896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Search of Ukrainian-Polish Understanding at the Beginning of World War II","authors":"Yuriy Makar, V. Makar","doi":"10.4316/cc.2021.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2021.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The study looks at how Russian regional hybrid warfare actions on Ukrainian territory serve as occasions for Russian global information warfare and how media messages become information weapons. The goal is to understand how events in the combat zone and the general situation in Ukraine impact basic features of Russian media reports, such as intensity, eventfulness, and intentionality. The research focused on the informative materials of the Russian multilingual international information channel Russia Today (RT). Titles and leads of over 44 thousand short information messages from October 1, 2014, to June 30, 2020, as well as more than 1 thousand extensive analytical materials for the period from October 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, are analysed. The article demonstrates that RT media influence is deliberate, targeted, and pre-planned, beginning with the first words of the publications, i.e., the title and the lead. Rezumat: Rapoartele mass-media ca instrument al războiului hibrid și celui informațional (cazul Rus sia Today). Studiul analizează modul în care acțiunile război ului hibrid rus pe teritoriul ucrainean servesc drept ocazii pentru războiul informațional global rus și modul în care mesajele mass -media devin arme informa țional e. Scopul este de a înțelege modul în care evenimentele din zona de război și situația generală d in Ucraina influențează particularitățile de bază ale rapoartelor mass - media rusești, cum ar fi intensitatea, profunzime a și intenționalitatea. Cercetarea s -a concentrat pe materialele informative ale canalului internațional de informații multilingv rus Russia Today (RT). Sunt analizate titluri și clienți i potențiali a peste 44 de mii de mesaje de informare scurte, de la 1 octombrie 2014 până la 30 iunie 2020, precum și peste o mie de materiale analitice mai ample pentru perioada 1 octombrie 2018 – 30 iunie 2020. Articolul demonstrează că influența media a RT este deliberată, țintită și în prealabil planificată, începând chiar cu primele cuvinte ale publicațiilor, cum ar fi titlul și subiectul principal.
． 该研究着眼于俄罗斯在乌克兰领土上的区域混合作战行动如何成为俄罗斯全球信息战的场合，以及媒体信息如何成为信息武器。目的是了解战区的事件和乌克兰的总体情况如何影响俄罗斯媒体报道的基本特征，如强度、事件性和意向性。本研究的重点是俄语多语种国际信息频道“今日俄罗斯”(RT)的信息材料。分析了2014年10月1日至2020年6月30日期间的4.4万条短信息的标题和线索，以及2018年10月1日至2020年6月30日期间的1000多份广泛分析材料。文章表明，RT媒体的影响力是经过深思熟虑的、有针对性的、预先计划好的，从出版物的第一个词开始，即标题和导语。Rezumat: Rapoartele大众媒体可以使用rruzboiului hybrid și celui informațional (cazul russia Today)。Studiul analizează模块在护理交流țiunile război ului hibrid俄文pe teritoriul ucrainean servesc德普特ocazii pentru războiul informaț维全球俄文ș我模块在保健mesajele大众媒体devin武器informaț维e。Scopul埃斯特·德·在țelege模块在保健evenimentele din带războiș我situația一般ăd Ucraina influențeazăparticularităț巴兹大区ă啤酒rapoartelor质量——媒体诡计ști和ar fi intensitatea, profunzimeș我十ționalitatea。Cercetarea是一种浓缩的材料，具有丰富的信息来源，可用于internațional de informații multilingv virus Russia Today (RT)。Sunt分析titluri și clienți i potențiali a pest 44 de mii de mesaje de informare scurte, de la 2014年10月1日， nue la 2020年10月30日，precum și pest o mie de materiale analytica mai样本穿透期为2018年10月1日至2020年10月30日。文章demostreazei cei influența media a RT este deliberatei， țintită și n prealabil planificatei， ncep和chiar cu primele cuvinte ale publicațiilor，和ar fi titlul și subsubject principal。
{"title":"Media Reports as a Tool of Hybrid and Information Warfare (the Case of RT – Russia Today)","authors":"B. Yuskiv, N. Karpchuk, Sergii Khomych","doi":"10.4316/cc.2021.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2021.01.012","url":null,"abstract":". The study looks at how Russian regional hybrid warfare actions on Ukrainian territory serve as occasions for Russian global information warfare and how media messages become information weapons. The goal is to understand how events in the combat zone and the general situation in Ukraine impact basic features of Russian media reports, such as intensity, eventfulness, and intentionality. The research focused on the informative materials of the Russian multilingual international information channel Russia Today (RT). Titles and leads of over 44 thousand short information messages from October 1, 2014, to June 30, 2020, as well as more than 1 thousand extensive analytical materials for the period from October 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, are analysed. The article demonstrates that RT media influence is deliberate, targeted, and pre-planned, beginning with the first words of the publications, i.e., the title and the lead. Rezumat: Rapoartele mass-media ca instrument al războiului hibrid și celui informațional (cazul Rus sia Today). Studiul analizează modul în care acțiunile război ului hibrid rus pe teritoriul ucrainean servesc drept ocazii pentru războiul informațional global rus și modul în care mesajele mass -media devin arme informa țional e. Scopul este de a înțelege modul în care evenimentele din zona de război și situația generală d in Ucraina influențează particularitățile de bază ale rapoartelor mass - media rusești, cum ar fi intensitatea, profunzime a și intenționalitatea. Cercetarea s -a concentrat pe materialele informative ale canalului internațional de informații multilingv rus Russia Today (RT). Sunt analizate titluri și clienți i potențiali a peste 44 de mii de mesaje de informare scurte, de la 1 octombrie 2014 până la 30 iunie 2020, precum și peste o mie de materiale analitice mai ample pentru perioada 1 octombrie 2018 – 30 iunie 2020. Articolul demonstrează că influența media a RT este deliberată, țintită și în prealabil planificată, începând chiar cu primele cuvinte ale publicațiilor, cum ar fi titlul și subiectul principal.","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Documenting the Past. A New Retrospective on Political Life in Habsburg Bukovina (1848–1861)","authors":"M. Olaru","doi":"10.4316/cc.2021.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2021.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The study outlines the place and the role of Right-Bank Ukraine's Orthodox clergy (Kyiv, Volyn, and Podillia provinces) in the local lore movement in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The Roman Catholic Church and Polish historical science significantly influenced this region, which considered Right-Bank Ukraine to be Poland's eastern provinces. To eliminate Polish influence and justify the annexation of these areas to the Russian Empire and mass Russification in all spheres, the government authorities granted privileges to the Orthodox Church in Right-Bank Ukraine and encouraged the clergy to conduct local lore study. In the middle of the 19th century, Orthodox clergy were actively involved in creating historical and statistical descriptions of the Kyiv, Volyn, and Podillia Orthodox dioceses. The Kyiv Theological Academy, the Volyn, and Podillia Orthodox Theological Seminaries became the main centres of Right-Bank Ukraine's local lore movement. They were centres of regional research in history, archaeology, ethnology, folklore, and museum activity of Right-Bank Ukraine until the early 20th century. In the second half of the 19th - early 20th century, the clergy of Right-Bank Ukraine also published periodicals and scientific collections with their results. As evidenced by the conclusions of this research, these authors did not follow Synod's recommendations and expanded their study. They published not only church descriptions but also the history of provinces, cities, towns, villages, archaeological maps of regions, historical monographs, collections of documents and materials, other local lore studies. This activity has had a favourable impact on the formation and development of the local lore movement. regională în domenii precum istoria, arheologia, etnologia, folclorul și de activitate muzeală pentru Ucraina din dreapta Niprului. În același interval de timp (a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX -lea – începutul secolului al XX-lea), clerul din aceste teritorii a publicat în diverse periodice și colecții de studii rezultatele anchetelor întreprinse. Potrivit concluziil or acestei cercetări , autorii amintitelor anchete nu au respectat recomandările Sinodului și și -au extins aria de cercetare. Ei au publicat nu doar descrieri ale bisericilor , ci și istori i ale provinciilor, orașelor, târgurilor, satelor, hărți arheologice , monografii istorice, colecții de documente și acte, tradiți i locale. Această activitate a avut un impact favorabil asupra formării și dezvoltării istoriografiei locale.
． 该研究概述了乌克兰右岸东正教神职人员(基辅、沃林和波迪利亚省)在19世纪下半叶至20世纪初的地方爱情运动中的地位和作用。罗马天主教会和波兰历史科学对该地区产生了重大影响，该地区认为乌克兰右岸是波兰的东部省份。为了消除波兰的影响，并证明将这些地区并入俄罗斯帝国和在所有领域进行大规模俄罗斯化是合理的，政府当局给予乌克兰右岸东正教会特权，并鼓励神职人员进行当地文化研究。在19世纪中期，东正教神职人员积极参与创建基辅，沃林和波迪利亚东正教教区的历史和统计描述。基辅神学院、Volyn和Podillia东正教神学院成为乌克兰右岸地方宗教运动的主要中心。直到20世纪初，它们都是乌克兰右岸历史、考古学、民族学、民间传说和博物馆活动的区域研究中心。在19世纪下半叶至20世纪初，乌克兰右岸的神职人员也出版了期刊和科学文集，并发表了他们的成果。正如本研究的结论所证明的那样，这些作者没有遵循Synod的建议，扩大了他们的研究。他们不仅出版了教会的描述，而且还出版了省、市、镇、村的历史，地区的考古地图，历史专著，文献资料的收集，以及其他地方的研究。这一活动对地方爱情运动的形成和发展产生了积极的影响。地区ădomenii precum istoria、arheologia etnologia, folclorulș我德activitate muzealăpentru Ucraina din dreapta Niprului。În același interval de timp (a doua jumutate a secolulual XIX -lea - ncetuulual XX-lea)， clerul din aceste territorii a publicat 不同时期și colecții de studi rezultatele anchetelor enterprise。结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:1 .结论:Ei au publicat nu doar descriperi ale bisericilor, ci și istori i ale provinciilor, orașelor, t rgurilor, satellite, hărți arheologice, monografii istorice, colecții de document și acte, tradiți i locale。aceasti激活了一个具有良好的抗冲击能力的超电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压电压
{"title":"The Role of Right-Bank Ukraine's Orthodox Clergy in the Local Lore Movement (Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries)","authors":"O. Koshel","doi":"10.4316/cc.2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":". The study outlines the place and the role of Right-Bank Ukraine's Orthodox clergy (Kyiv, Volyn, and Podillia provinces) in the local lore movement in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The Roman Catholic Church and Polish historical science significantly influenced this region, which considered Right-Bank Ukraine to be Poland's eastern provinces. To eliminate Polish influence and justify the annexation of these areas to the Russian Empire and mass Russification in all spheres, the government authorities granted privileges to the Orthodox Church in Right-Bank Ukraine and encouraged the clergy to conduct local lore study. In the middle of the 19th century, Orthodox clergy were actively involved in creating historical and statistical descriptions of the Kyiv, Volyn, and Podillia Orthodox dioceses. The Kyiv Theological Academy, the Volyn, and Podillia Orthodox Theological Seminaries became the main centres of Right-Bank Ukraine's local lore movement. They were centres of regional research in history, archaeology, ethnology, folklore, and museum activity of Right-Bank Ukraine until the early 20th century. In the second half of the 19th - early 20th century, the clergy of Right-Bank Ukraine also published periodicals and scientific collections with their results. As evidenced by the conclusions of this research, these authors did not follow Synod's recommendations and expanded their study. They published not only church descriptions but also the history of provinces, cities, towns, villages, archaeological maps of regions, historical monographs, collections of documents and materials, other local lore studies. This activity has had a favourable impact on the formation and development of the local lore movement. regională în domenii precum istoria, arheologia, etnologia, folclorul și de activitate muzeală pentru Ucraina din dreapta Niprului. În același interval de timp (a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX -lea – începutul secolului al XX-lea), clerul din aceste teritorii a publicat în diverse periodice și colecții de studii rezultatele anchetelor întreprinse. Potrivit concluziil or acestei cercetări , autorii amintitelor anchete nu au respectat recomandările Sinodului și și -au extins aria de cercetare. Ei au publicat nu doar descrieri ale bisericilor , ci și istori i ale provinciilor, orașelor, târgurilor, satelor, hărți arheologice , monografii istorice, colecții de documente și acte, tradiți i locale. Această activitate a avut un impact favorabil asupra formării și dezvoltării istoriografiei locale.","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70431918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Neo-Mercantilist Analysis of the Political Economy of U.S. Foreign Policy under Trump's Rule","authors":"Selim Kurt","doi":"10.4316/cc.2021.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2021.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author reviewed the volume "The Road to Unfreedom. Russia, Europe, America", published in 2018 under the signature of the renown American researcher Timothy Snyder. The main aspects analysed by Snyder, the concepts he proposed and the interpretations formulated on the events studied are presented.
{"title":"The Road to Unfreedom","authors":"Ştefan Purici","doi":"10.4316/cc.2020.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2020.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"The author reviewed the volume \"The Road to Unfreedom. Russia, Europe, America\", published in 2018 under the signature of the renown American researcher Timothy Snyder. The main aspects analysed by Snyder, the concepts he proposed and the interpretations formulated on the events studied are presented.","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. With the beginning of the 21 st Century, the structure of the liberal economic order and its institutions have undergone a great transformation. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, some Asian and Latin American countries draw attention with their rapidly growing economic performances raising big debates over "the West and the rest" discourse. On the other hand, the matter and the uncertainty of the conceptualisation and identification of these new rising powers have been generally ignored. In order to identify rising middle powers, not only their material capacities but also the roles they assign for themselves in international politics (identity definitions) and global policy behaviours are significant determinants. These countries have an important status in the international arena by combining their "positional" (material powers) and "behavioral" (ideological power, policies they pursue) powers. MIKTA members can play a more active role in foreign policy thanks to their material (military, economic, GDP, geographical location, diplomatic capacity…) and ideational (soft power, effectiveness) power capacities . However, after seven years of its establishment, the effectiveness, credibility, and legitimacy of the group have come under question by some analysts. In this backdrop, this paper attempts to compare the potentials of MIKTA countries with material and behavioural patterns that are related to middle power concepts and seeks to find trends in growth or decline in these five countries and to assess MIKTA's prospects on its sustainability. în ascensiune se referă nu numai la capacitățile lor materiale, ci și la comportamentele politice globale sau la rolurile pe care și le însușesc în politica lor externă (privite ca definiții identitare). Aceste țări au un statut important pe arena internațională prin combinarea puterilor „de poziție” (materiale) și „comportamentale” (ideologii, politici) pe care le urmăresc. Membrii MIKTA pot juca un rol mai activ în politica externă datorită capacităților lor de „puteri materiale” (implicând aspecte militare, economice, PIB, de așezare geografică și capacitate diplomatică) și „ideatice” (exprimată prin soft-power, eficacitate). Cu toate acestea, la șapte ani de la înființare, unii analiști au pus sub semnul întrebării eficacitatea, credibilitatea și legitimitatea grupului. Într-un asemenea context, această lucrare încearcă să compare potențialul țărilor MIKTA cu tiparul material și comportamental specific unei „puteri medii”, identificând tendințe de creștere sau declin în cele cinci țări membre și evaluând perspectivele MIKTA referitoare la sustenabilitatea acesteia.
． 进入21世纪以来，自由经济秩序的结构及其制度发生了巨大的变化。2008年国际金融危机以来，一些亚洲和拉美国家的经济快速增长引起了人们的关注，引发了关于“西方和其他地区”的争论。另一方面，这些新兴大国的概念化和识别的问题和不确定性通常被忽视了。为了确定崛起的中等大国，不仅他们的物质能力，而且他们在国际政治(身份定义)和全球政策行为中为自己指定的角色都是重要的决定因素。这些国家结合了“位置”(物质力量)和“行为”(意识形态力量，所追求的政策)力量，在国际舞台上占有重要地位。MIKTA成员的物质实力(军事、经济、GDP、地理位置、外交能力……)和理念实力(软实力、有效性)使其在外交政策中发挥更积极的作用。然而，在成立七年后，该组织的有效性、可信度和合法性受到了一些分析人士的质疑。在此背景下，本文试图将MIKTA国家的潜力与与中等大国概念相关的物质和行为模式进行比较，并试图找到这五个国家的增长或下降趋势，并评估MIKTA在其可持续性方面的前景。n ascensiune se referei nu numai la capacitățile or materiale, ci și la comportamentele politicelglobalale sau la rolurile PE care și le însușesc n politica lor externei (private ca definiții identity)。Aceste țări au unstatut important pe arena internațională prin combinarea puterilor“de poziție”(材料)și“comportamentale”(意识形态、政治)pe care le urmurresc。Membrii MIKTA pot juka un rol mai active n politica external datoritei capacităților lor de“puteri materiale”(隐含的和军事方面，经济方面，PIB方面，de așezare geograficei și capacitate diplomaticei) și“ideatice”(实验方面，priprimati priin软实力，有效)。Cu toate acestea, la șapte ani de la înființare, unii analiști au pus sub semual ntrebinii effecacitatea, credibilatea și legitimatea grupului。Într-un asemenea context, aceast_lucrare ncearce_scei compare potențialul țărilor MIKTA cu tiparul material și组合物特异性unei“puteri medii”，identificnd tendințe de creștere sau declin n cele cinci țări member și evaluationnd perspectivele MIKTA referitoare la sustainabilatea acesteia。
{"title":"Rising Middle Powers: Comparative Analysis of MIKTA Countries","authors":"Hulya Kinik","doi":"10.4316/cc.2020.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2020.02.006","url":null,"abstract":". With the beginning of the 21 st Century, the structure of the liberal economic order and its institutions have undergone a great transformation. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, some Asian and Latin American countries draw attention with their rapidly growing economic performances raising big debates over \"the West and the rest\" discourse. On the other hand, the matter and the uncertainty of the conceptualisation and identification of these new rising powers have been generally ignored. In order to identify rising middle powers, not only their material capacities but also the roles they assign for themselves in international politics (identity definitions) and global policy behaviours are significant determinants. These countries have an important status in the international arena by combining their \"positional\" (material powers) and \"behavioral\" (ideological power, policies they pursue) powers. MIKTA members can play a more active role in foreign policy thanks to their material (military, economic, GDP, geographical location, diplomatic capacity…) and ideational (soft power, effectiveness) power capacities . However, after seven years of its establishment, the effectiveness, credibility, and legitimacy of the group have come under question by some analysts. In this backdrop, this paper attempts to compare the potentials of MIKTA countries with material and behavioural patterns that are related to middle power concepts and seeks to find trends in growth or decline in these five countries and to assess MIKTA's prospects on its sustainability. în ascensiune se referă nu numai la capacitățile lor materiale, ci și la comportamentele politice globale sau la rolurile pe care și le însușesc în politica lor externă (privite ca definiții identitare). Aceste țări au un statut important pe arena internațională prin combinarea puterilor „de poziție” (materiale) și „comportamentale” (ideologii, politici) pe care le urmăresc. Membrii MIKTA pot juca un rol mai activ în politica externă datorită capacităților lor de „puteri materiale” (implicând aspecte militare, economice, PIB, de așezare geografică și capacitate diplomatică) și „ideatice” (exprimată prin soft-power, eficacitate). Cu toate acestea, la șapte ani de la înființare, unii analiști au pus sub semnul întrebării eficacitatea, credibilitatea și legitimitatea grupului. Într-un asemenea context, această lucrare încearcă să compare potențialul țărilor MIKTA cu tiparul material și comportamental specific unei „puteri medii”, identificând tendințe de creștere sau declin în cele cinci țări membre și evaluând perspectivele MIKTA referitoare la sustenabilitatea acesteia.","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Berdyguzhin, Sh. Nagimov, A. Sarsenov, Gulmira Jambaulova, D. Khamidullina, B. S. Nigmetov, Sanim Kaluova
Elites, as a social group, generate and implement progressive ideas in society. The formation of Kazakhstan’s national elite began in the first half of the 20th century, with access to secular education. Kazakhstan’s new progressive intelligentsia made significant changes in many areas of science, economy and culture. This article examines the prerequisites for the emergence and development of elites in Kazakhstan and describes their contribution to the political, cultural, and economic spheres.
{"title":"Formation of Kazakh National Elites in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries","authors":"L. Berdyguzhin, Sh. Nagimov, A. Sarsenov, Gulmira Jambaulova, D. Khamidullina, B. S. Nigmetov, Sanim Kaluova","doi":"10.4316/cc.2020.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2020.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Elites, as a social group, generate and implement progressive ideas in society. The formation of Kazakhstan’s national elite began in the first half of the 20th century, with access to secular education. Kazakhstan’s new progressive intelligentsia made significant changes in many areas of science, economy and culture. This article examines the prerequisites for the emergence and development of elites in Kazakhstan and describes their contribution to the political, cultural, and economic spheres.","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to explore different expressions of the universities' involvement in cross-border cooperation across the European countries or international, as a way to strengthen the role in the extended community for the ones near a border. Moreover, it aims to identify specific actions and networks, as good practices where universities are the leading players in building cross-border cooperation. The first part of the research is based on several cases illustrated in scientific literature or promoted directly by different universities in Europe or around the world. At the same time, the second part also uses the official data on cross-border projects, official statements and documents, and the partial results of field research that we did in the cross-border area Romania-Ukraine. Therefore, we found that, in the pursuit of a sustainable path, universities found various ways to anchor in networks among themselves or with community actors. The ones near the border used the incentives offered by the cross-border programmes to build long-term partnerships and good practices in the benefit of the academia and also of the community.
{"title":"Universities – Actors in Cross-border Cooperation Building. Study Case: Romania-Ukraine Border","authors":"Marcela Slusarciuc, G. Prelipcean","doi":"10.4316/cc.2020.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4316/cc.2020.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to explore different expressions of the universities' involvement in cross-border cooperation across the European countries or international, as a way to strengthen the role in the extended community for the ones near a border. Moreover, it aims to identify specific actions and networks, as good practices where universities are the leading players in building cross-border cooperation. The first part of the research is based on several cases illustrated in scientific literature or promoted directly by different universities in Europe or around the world. At the same time, the second part also uses the official data on cross-border projects, official statements and documents, and the partial results of field research that we did in the cross-border area Romania-Ukraine. Therefore, we found that, in the pursuit of a sustainable path, universities found various ways to anchor in networks among themselves or with community actors. The ones near the border used the incentives offered by the cross-border programmes to build long-term partnerships and good practices in the benefit of the academia and also of the community.","PeriodicalId":38306,"journal":{"name":"Codrul Cosminului","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70432321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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