Archivos de prevención de riesgos laborales最新文献

Introduction: The aim was to estimate the evolution of the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the associated factors, and the incidence of new infections during the follow-up period.  Method: Prospective cohort study of a representative sample of workers at the General University Hospital of Castellon 8 months after receiving the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, by determining IgG-S, IgG-NP, follow-up and response to a questionnaire. The results were compared with those at the start of the cohort in February 2021. Multivariate linear regression and Poisson regression were used.  Results: A total of 253 workers participated out of the 275 in the start of the cohort. All had detectable levels of IgG-S, median 691% AU/ml, decreasing by 93.3% compared with the first study. The decline of IgG-S increased with age and obesity; and decreased with a COVID-19 previous history, regular exercise, and in smokers. IgG-NP was positively associated with a history of COVID-19, taking vitamin D, and decreased from 4.4% to 1.2%. There were 4 new cases of COVID-19 in the cohort, with and incidence rate of 1.7%. One death occurred in a participant with immunosuppressive treatment, only one case was asymptomatic and no reinfections occurred.

Conclusions: A general decrease of IgG-S and IgG-NP antibodies after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was observed in the cohort, as well as with new SARS-CoV-2 infections. Booster doses, maintaining protective measures and further determination of the protection threshold of vaccination are recommended.

Objectives: Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study is to ensure risk-based protection when there is a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Materials and methods: At the beginning of the pandemic, it was suggested that PPE were necessary to protect HCWs from COVID-19. However, given supply shortage, PPE had to be replaced in some situations. Three levels of protection were established depending on the risk level of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Best practices were reviewed and analysed, and subsequently implemented in all hospitals in Catalonia. As the first COVID-19 wave progressed, we became more knowledgeable with the behaviour of the virus, so PPE procedure tables and algorithms were modified and adapted to the changing scenarios. After airborne transmission was demonstrated as the main route of the virus transmission, we emphasized new measures to ensure respiratory tract protection.

Results: Three general tables were established based on low, medium, and high risk of infection for HCWs. These three scenarios are a subgroup of the very high-risk category, according to OSHA's pyramid of SARS-CoV-2 risk characterization. The most appropriate PPE for each task or job were identified and alternatives were given amid the shortage of PPE.

Conclusions: Specific PPE are required for the healthcare sector. Many studies on PPE are based on the characteristics of industrial jobs, and do not consider the specificities of the healthcare sector, which requires close and prolonged contact with patients.

Introduction: To explore perceptions, concerns and needs of healthcare professionals in an emergency department (ED) from Argentina.

Methods: Participatory action research, coordinated and carried out by ED healthcare professionals, which included physicians, nurses and administrative staff who actively engaged in both data collection and analysis. Mixed methodologies were used: documentary analysis of complaints and written claims by patients, 10 individual interviews, and two reflective focus groups of 10 healthcare professionals (who differed in occupation, seniority and experience, including residents in training).

Results: The topics that emerged were work factors that lead to errors and threaten patient-centered clinical encounters: work overload and lack of time, the overuse of resources for defensive medicine purposes and technology that replaces physical contact. Healthcare professionals reported episodes of aggression by patients or their families, when long waits and structural insufficiencies (such as lack of beds, saturation of the waiting room, discomfort) threaten patience and tolerance. From these insights, improvements were generated in various areas of the ED.

Conclusions: The identification of problems by the ED stakeholders l was a relevant approach that led to a process of collective management change, promoted reflection and raised awareness, allowing the identification of areas for improvement, design strategies and concrete feasible proposals.

Scientific and professional and societies constitute an element of social transformation. The nursing associative trend has run parallel to the social reality of the profession and its historical evolution. The late incorporation is conditioned by a delay in the conception of the discipline as a scientific profession with its own body of knowledge. Among others, the purpose of an association in this field is to promote updating in the professional skills of its members, identify the demands of its affiliated, provoke an open debate, promote collaborative research, favor the generation of knowledge and transfer that academic content to society. The text proposes a panoramic view of this polyhedral reality in which professional and scientific societies of this nursing discipline find themselves.

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics and determine the factors associated with psychological manifestations of depression, anxiety, and stress in healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in health facilities in Peru during the month of May 2020.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted out in healthcare workers of hospital establishments in Peru. To evaluate the outcome of interest, we administered a structured questionnaire that asked about type of healthcare personnel; sociodemographic characteristics; Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7); Patient Health Questionnaire scale (PHQ-9); and the Revised Stressor Impact scale (IES-R). We used generalized linear Poisson models, with a logarithmic link function and robust variance.

Results: Out of 258 respondents, 254 completed the survey; 61.8% were women; the most common work area was emergency department or hospitalization (inpatient) services (62.2%). The median PHQ-9 score was 4 points (IQR: 2-7); for the GAD-7, it was 6 points (IQR: 4-8), and for the IES-R, 16 points (IQR: 8-24). The multivariate analysis showed that being a physician was associated with less anxiety (PR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62-0.94), whereas living alone was associated with a greater risk of depression (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.92).

Conclusions: Healthcare personnel are at risk of manifesting psychological alterations, mainly associated with the female gender, non-medical personnel and living alone.

Objective: Identify the psychometric properties of a measure of Employment Precariousness (EP) in six Central American Spanish-speaking countries (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama) through the items of the EPRES scale (Employment Precariousness Scale) included in the II Central American Survey of Working Conditions and Health (II ECCTS) of 2018.

Methods: The sample was 3,782 salaried persons, aged 18 and older, formal and informal, who participated in the II ECCTS. An EP measure of 10 items was constructed, grouped in the dimensions of temporality, salary, labor rights, and exercise of these rights.

Results: The sample was composed mostly of men, with a permanent contract, with a working age of between 2 to 5 years, a salary between $301 and $500s, who have labor rights and who exercise them. The factorial structure could not be verified. However, nine of the ten articles showed a high factorial load with their dimensions. A high acceptability of the EP measure was observed, and the Cronbach's Alpha coefficients of the dimensions were between 0.59 and 0.72, except for temporality (0.30). The reliability of the total scale was 0.68 and the EP patterns in women, youth, temporary and lower income countries were as expected.

Conclusions: The EP measure constructed from the items available from the EPRES scale in the II ECCTS questionnaire shows acceptable psychometric properties to approximate the epidemiological quantification of job insecurity in Central America.

Introduction: To design and validate a scale of perception of teleworking in Peruvian primary schoolteachers.

Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 400 primary schoolteachers (61.5% women) between 21 and 61 years of age, from six cities in Peru. Eight items were proposed, corresponding to indicators of training, safety, and flexibility of schedules, derived from the scientific literature. The scale was validated by seven experts who evaluated the relevance, representativeness and clarity of the items. Subsequently, we applied exploratory f (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using the FACTOR Analysis program and SPSS AMOS version 21.

Results: The Aiken V indicators were statistically significant for the eight items. Before running the AFE, we calculated the KMO coefficient (0.93) and Bartlett's test (1832.9; gl = 28; p = 0.00). A single factor explained 62.27% of the total variance of the scale and its factor loadings ranged from 0.65 to 0.84. The CFA corroborated the internal structure of the scale (?2 = 58.24, df = 20, p < 0.01; RMR = 0.03; TLI = 0.97; CFI = 0.97; and RMSEA = 0.06) and the reliability was acceptable (? = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.89 - 0.92).

Conclusions: The scale demonstrates evidence of content-based validity, internal structure and reliability.