Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1177/17835917241251811
Carlos F. Ceballos Ferroglio, Gustavo Ferro, Á. Neder
Our main contribution is to identify the risks implied by the existence of prolonged regulatory lags. We hypothesize that a likely first response is to reduce OPEX, increasing efficiency. If the lag persists for enough time, a vicious circle of inefficiency, disinvestment, and reduced performance can follow. We use a regulatory episode affecting natural gas distributors in Argentina as a natural experiment, controlling with other Latin American countries’ utilities not exposed to the same regulatory stimuli. We evaluate the relative efficiency of fourteen firms for five countries, in seven years, using Stochastic Frontiers Analysis (SFA). Thus, we perform a regulatory impact analysis (RIA) to assess the consequences on the performance of two idiosyncratic regulatory policy instruments applied in the distribution gas industry in Argentina in the 1998–2021 period (the 2002 Public Emergency Law and the 2016 Integral Tariff Review).
{"title":"Regulatory lag, efficiency, and performance. Lessons from a case study","authors":"Carlos F. Ceballos Ferroglio, Gustavo Ferro, Á. Neder","doi":"10.1177/17835917241251811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917241251811","url":null,"abstract":"Our main contribution is to identify the risks implied by the existence of prolonged regulatory lags. We hypothesize that a likely first response is to reduce OPEX, increasing efficiency. If the lag persists for enough time, a vicious circle of inefficiency, disinvestment, and reduced performance can follow. We use a regulatory episode affecting natural gas distributors in Argentina as a natural experiment, controlling with other Latin American countries’ utilities not exposed to the same regulatory stimuli. We evaluate the relative efficiency of fourteen firms for five countries, in seven years, using Stochastic Frontiers Analysis (SFA). Thus, we perform a regulatory impact analysis (RIA) to assess the consequences on the performance of two idiosyncratic regulatory policy instruments applied in the distribution gas industry in Argentina in the 1998–2021 period (the 2002 Public Emergency Law and the 2016 Integral Tariff Review).","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-24DOI: 10.1177/17835917241233296
Yunus Emre Gürler, Sinan Ertemel, Matthias Finger, Muzaffer Eroğlu
This study introduces a theoretical framework for the Turkish natural gas market based on the principles of game theory and industrial organization. It investigates the effects of the legal and ownership unbundling on consumer surplus, social welfare, and competition. The model considers a mixed oligopoly with a transmission system operator (TSO), a state-owned incumbent, and a private firm. The state-owned incumbent is assumed to maximize consumer surplus and its own profit, while the private firm is assumed to be profit-maximizing. Additionally, the state-owned incumbent is assumed to be less efficient than the private firm. The game consists of three stages. In the first two stages, the state-owned incumbent and the private firm sequentially choose contract sizes in the upstream market. In the last stage, a contract size-restricted Cournot game is played. The findings of the study suggest that legal unbundling appears to offer greater advantages for consumer surplus and social welfare compared to ownership unbundling, particularly when considering key factors such as third-party access, non-tariff discrimination, and import liberalization. The results indicate that adopting the role of a Stackelberg follower by the state-owned incumbent in the upstream market is advantageous in terms of consumer surplus, social welfare, and competition under both unbundling approaches.
{"title":"Legal and ownership unbundling in the Turkish natural gas market: A comparative analysis","authors":"Yunus Emre Gürler, Sinan Ertemel, Matthias Finger, Muzaffer Eroğlu","doi":"10.1177/17835917241233296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917241233296","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a theoretical framework for the Turkish natural gas market based on the principles of game theory and industrial organization. It investigates the effects of the legal and ownership unbundling on consumer surplus, social welfare, and competition. The model considers a mixed oligopoly with a transmission system operator (TSO), a state-owned incumbent, and a private firm. The state-owned incumbent is assumed to maximize consumer surplus and its own profit, while the private firm is assumed to be profit-maximizing. Additionally, the state-owned incumbent is assumed to be less efficient than the private firm. The game consists of three stages. In the first two stages, the state-owned incumbent and the private firm sequentially choose contract sizes in the upstream market. In the last stage, a contract size-restricted Cournot game is played. The findings of the study suggest that legal unbundling appears to offer greater advantages for consumer surplus and social welfare compared to ownership unbundling, particularly when considering key factors such as third-party access, non-tariff discrimination, and import liberalization. The results indicate that adopting the role of a Stackelberg follower by the state-owned incumbent in the upstream market is advantageous in terms of consumer surplus, social welfare, and competition under both unbundling approaches.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1177/17835917231225749
Malcolm Abbott
Australia has a long history of privately owned utility price regulation, one that is little known. This price control was designed to restrain the market power of several utilities (gas, rail, tramways, electricity, and water). The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to establish what types of price control that were used in Australia in the utilities sector before the First World War and to determine the degree to which this price control influenced efficiency. As price levels in this era were set in legislation, the lack of flexibility led to less-than-optimal outcomes, and eventually and led to new approaches were developed after 1912 to the utilities that remained in private ownership, and in some cases influenced the movement in Australia towards government control.
{"title":"Network utility price regulation in Australia in the pre-first world war years","authors":"Malcolm Abbott","doi":"10.1177/17835917231225749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231225749","url":null,"abstract":"Australia has a long history of privately owned utility price regulation, one that is little known. This price control was designed to restrain the market power of several utilities (gas, rail, tramways, electricity, and water). The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to establish what types of price control that were used in Australia in the utilities sector before the First World War and to determine the degree to which this price control influenced efficiency. As price levels in this era were set in legislation, the lack of flexibility led to less-than-optimal outcomes, and eventually and led to new approaches were developed after 1912 to the utilities that remained in private ownership, and in some cases influenced the movement in Australia towards government control.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/17835917231219174
Jasper van den Boom
This article discusses how shared ownership of energy storage facilities between grid managers (Distribution System Operators and Transmission System Operators) and third-party market participants may help to resolve congestion issues. The article uses the Netherlands as a case study on how congestion issues may lead to a stalemate: increasing energy storage capacity may help to resolve grid congestion but may cause additional congestion if used to trade in profitable markets. As a result, it is not installed, or installation is delayed until the grid is fortified. The article discusses how shared ownership may lead to the co-optimization of investment decisions by different stakeholders and of the operation of the storage facility. It also discusses how the exemption to unbundling obligations under art. 36 (2) of Directive 2019/944 can be used to allow for these ownership constructions. The article argues that national regulatory authorities can use regulatory experimentation to find the desirable conditions and uses of the exemption and to stimulate regulatory learning. The use of experimentation can help to resolve congestion issues in certain localities in the short term and help to develop principles for regulation of the future energy system in the long-term.
{"title":"Experimenting with co-ownership of energy storage facilities - A case study of the Netherlands","authors":"Jasper van den Boom","doi":"10.1177/17835917231219174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231219174","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses how shared ownership of energy storage facilities between grid managers (Distribution System Operators and Transmission System Operators) and third-party market participants may help to resolve congestion issues. The article uses the Netherlands as a case study on how congestion issues may lead to a stalemate: increasing energy storage capacity may help to resolve grid congestion but may cause additional congestion if used to trade in profitable markets. As a result, it is not installed, or installation is delayed until the grid is fortified. The article discusses how shared ownership may lead to the co-optimization of investment decisions by different stakeholders and of the operation of the storage facility. It also discusses how the exemption to unbundling obligations under art. 36 (2) of Directive 2019/944 can be used to allow for these ownership constructions. The article argues that national regulatory authorities can use regulatory experimentation to find the desirable conditions and uses of the exemption and to stimulate regulatory learning. The use of experimentation can help to resolve congestion issues in certain localities in the short term and help to develop principles for regulation of the future energy system in the long-term.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139225838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.1177/17835917231217125
David P. Brown, Andrew Eckert, Douglas Silveira
In electricity markets, ancillary services (AS) are vital to ensuring system reliability through the instantaneous balancing of supply and demand. An important current policy question is whether AS markets clear simultaneously or sequentially with wholesale markets. We develop a model to study the strategic implications of market timing. We demonstrate that a strategic incentive to reduce AS and, consequently, lower marginal cost in the wholesale market arises when markets clear sequentially. Using data from Alberta, we find that the strategic effect has a small impact on wholesale outcomes but a large impact on the AS market.
在电力市场中，辅助服务（AS）对于通过即时平衡供需来确保系统可靠性至关重要。当前一个重要的政策问题是，辅助服务市场是与批发市场同时清算还是依次清算。我们建立了一个模型来研究市场时机的战略影响。我们证明，当市场依次清算时，会产生减少 AS 的战略动机，从而降低批发市场的边际成本。利用阿尔伯塔省的数据，我们发现战略效应对批发结果的影响较小，但对 AS 市场的影响较大。
{"title":"Strategic interaction between wholesale and ancillary service markets","authors":"David P. Brown, Andrew Eckert, Douglas Silveira","doi":"10.1177/17835917231217125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231217125","url":null,"abstract":"In electricity markets, ancillary services (AS) are vital to ensuring system reliability through the instantaneous balancing of supply and demand. An important current policy question is whether AS markets clear simultaneously or sequentially with wholesale markets. We develop a model to study the strategic implications of market timing. We demonstrate that a strategic incentive to reduce AS and, consequently, lower marginal cost in the wholesale market arises when markets clear sequentially. Using data from Alberta, we find that the strategic effect has a small impact on wholesale outcomes but a large impact on the AS market.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1177/17835917231213031
Ioannis Kokkoris
In the UK, following the enactment of the Communications Act 2003, amending the Enterprise Act 2002, the assessment of mergers involving broadcaster and/or newspaper enterprises is subject to – alongside the regular competition standard under the ‘substantial lessening of competition’ (SLC) test – a public interest standard. Under this standard, certain media mergers need to be assessed pursuant to the following considerations: media plurality, broadcasting standard objectives and free expression of opinion grounds. While the statute defines these terms ambiguously, it does provide guidance to the Secretary of State, the competition authority and the courts to decide how the statute is intended to be applied consistently. The paper will analyse how the media plurality test has been applied, some of the considerations of the CMA and OFCOM, and in doing so it will touch on the discretion of the decision making stakeholders.
{"title":"Media plurality assessment as a public interest concern in UK merger control","authors":"Ioannis Kokkoris","doi":"10.1177/17835917231213031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231213031","url":null,"abstract":"In the UK, following the enactment of the Communications Act 2003, amending the Enterprise Act 2002, the assessment of mergers involving broadcaster and/or newspaper enterprises is subject to – alongside the regular competition standard under the ‘substantial lessening of competition’ (SLC) test – a public interest standard. Under this standard, certain media mergers need to be assessed pursuant to the following considerations: media plurality, broadcasting standard objectives and free expression of opinion grounds. While the statute defines these terms ambiguously, it does provide guidance to the Secretary of State, the competition authority and the courts to decide how the statute is intended to be applied consistently. The paper will analyse how the media plurality test has been applied, some of the considerations of the CMA and OFCOM, and in doing so it will touch on the discretion of the decision making stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136316688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1177/17835917231198117
S. Chauhan, Talin Bhardwaj
The digital advertisement market has brought many changes to the approach through which companies engaged in multifarious sectors endeavour to increase the outreach of their products and services. In light of the benefits provided by digital advertisement as opposed to traditional advertisement, companies have been shifting towards digital advertisement, which also has simultaneously increased the competition concerns in this segment. Since these markets prima facie seem to be characterised by technological complexities and lack of transparency, it has been difficult for antitrust regulators throughout the world to scrutinise the activities in this market. However, the recent probes launched by the European Commission into the alleged anti-competitive activities carried out by Google and Meta in this market have the potential of carving some landmark changes in the approach of antitrust authorities to pay increasing attention to the activities carried out by these market players. In furtherance, we have provided an analysis of the approach adopted by various antitrust authorities, and the competition concerns that emanate from this market. Further, we have also elucidated India’s position to regulate competition in digital advertisement markets and have also analysed some policy recommendations which can be implemented by the antitrust authorities.
{"title":"Competition concerns in digital advertisement markets: Consolidating the regulatory approach for India","authors":"S. Chauhan, Talin Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1177/17835917231198117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231198117","url":null,"abstract":"The digital advertisement market has brought many changes to the approach through which companies engaged in multifarious sectors endeavour to increase the outreach of their products and services. In light of the benefits provided by digital advertisement as opposed to traditional advertisement, companies have been shifting towards digital advertisement, which also has simultaneously increased the competition concerns in this segment. Since these markets prima facie seem to be characterised by technological complexities and lack of transparency, it has been difficult for antitrust regulators throughout the world to scrutinise the activities in this market. However, the recent probes launched by the European Commission into the alleged anti-competitive activities carried out by Google and Meta in this market have the potential of carving some landmark changes in the approach of antitrust authorities to pay increasing attention to the activities carried out by these market players. In furtherance, we have provided an analysis of the approach adopted by various antitrust authorities, and the competition concerns that emanate from this market. Further, we have also elucidated India’s position to regulate competition in digital advertisement markets and have also analysed some policy recommendations which can be implemented by the antitrust authorities.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43070647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17835917231185890
M. Polat, Karahan Kara, A. Acar
Logistics, beyond being a strategically important function for global supply chains, is a sector of considerable size in terms of the global economy. Thus, economy-wide logistics capabilities have a strategic impact at the national level, supporting countries to achieve a global competitive advantage. For this reason, the logistics performances of the countries not only show the success of using their existing logistics capabilities but also provide significant indications about their competitiveness at the global level. Due to this strategic impact, this study aims to deal with the logistics performances of OECD countries from the perspective of competitiveness and to determine the competitiveness-based logistics performance index (CB-LPI). For this purpose, data envelopment analysis has been applied with two different techniques. The input variables are the Global Competitiveness Index, and the output variables are the Logistic Performance Index. In this empirical study, 7 inputs (infrastructure, skills, product market, financial system, information and communication technology adoption, business dynamism, innovation capability) and 6 output variables (Customs, Infrastructure, International shipments, Logistics quality and competence, Tracking and tracing, Timeliness) have been used. This study is handled in a total of 5 periods. These periods are 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018. As a result, it was determined that the competitive logistics performances of 8 countries (Australia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) were at the level of full efficiency in each period in the application of both techniques. In addition, the CB-LPI covering all OECD countries has been established. Based on the scores obtained, country-based suggestions for countries have been developed.
{"title":"Competitiveness based logistics performance index: An empirical analysis in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries","authors":"M. Polat, Karahan Kara, A. Acar","doi":"10.1177/17835917231185890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231185890","url":null,"abstract":"Logistics, beyond being a strategically important function for global supply chains, is a sector of considerable size in terms of the global economy. Thus, economy-wide logistics capabilities have a strategic impact at the national level, supporting countries to achieve a global competitive advantage. For this reason, the logistics performances of the countries not only show the success of using their existing logistics capabilities but also provide significant indications about their competitiveness at the global level. Due to this strategic impact, this study aims to deal with the logistics performances of OECD countries from the perspective of competitiveness and to determine the competitiveness-based logistics performance index (CB-LPI). For this purpose, data envelopment analysis has been applied with two different techniques. The input variables are the Global Competitiveness Index, and the output variables are the Logistic Performance Index. In this empirical study, 7 inputs (infrastructure, skills, product market, financial system, information and communication technology adoption, business dynamism, innovation capability) and 6 output variables (Customs, Infrastructure, International shipments, Logistics quality and competence, Tracking and tracing, Timeliness) have been used. This study is handled in a total of 5 periods. These periods are 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018. As a result, it was determined that the competitive logistics performances of 8 countries (Australia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey) were at the level of full efficiency in each period in the application of both techniques. In addition, the CB-LPI covering all OECD countries has been established. Based on the scores obtained, country-based suggestions for countries have been developed.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43313988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17835917231180837
Krishna Saw, Ashu Kedia
Rapid growth in petrol and diesel-powered vehicles has resulted in significant increases in tailpipe greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, both of which harm public health in Indian cities. Furthermore, India’s dependence on imported fuel to transport people and goods threatens its fuel security. Therefore, electric mobility has been sought to deal with these issues. The governments have framed several plans and policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs) and achieve the target of EV30@30. However, EV adoption in Indian states has been slow. Therefore, this paper aims to estimate the number of EVs needed to be registered to achieve the desired target by 2030 by taking a case study of four states: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, and Gujarat. The vehicular registration data used in this paper has been obtained from the government database. The study looks at the EV adoption rates of passenger vehicles such as two-wheelers, cars, auto-rickshaws (including e-rickshaws), and buses. According to the findings, the average annual share of passenger EVs is less than 2% in Delhi, less than 1% in Uttar Pradesh, and less than 0.5% in Karnataka and Gujarat during the study period. According to the models’ estimates, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka will need to register 0.31 million, 1.51 million, 0.88 million, and 0.79 million passenger EVs, respectively, in FY 2030–2031 to achieve a 30% EV share of total registrations.
{"title":"Estimating the adoption of electric vehicles: A case study of four Indian states","authors":"Krishna Saw, Ashu Kedia","doi":"10.1177/17835917231180837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231180837","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid growth in petrol and diesel-powered vehicles has resulted in significant increases in tailpipe greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, both of which harm public health in Indian cities. Furthermore, India’s dependence on imported fuel to transport people and goods threatens its fuel security. Therefore, electric mobility has been sought to deal with these issues. The governments have framed several plans and policies to promote electric vehicles (EVs) and achieve the target of EV30@30. However, EV adoption in Indian states has been slow. Therefore, this paper aims to estimate the number of EVs needed to be registered to achieve the desired target by 2030 by taking a case study of four states: Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, and Gujarat. The vehicular registration data used in this paper has been obtained from the government database. The study looks at the EV adoption rates of passenger vehicles such as two-wheelers, cars, auto-rickshaws (including e-rickshaws), and buses. According to the findings, the average annual share of passenger EVs is less than 2% in Delhi, less than 1% in Uttar Pradesh, and less than 0.5% in Karnataka and Gujarat during the study period. According to the models’ estimates, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Karnataka will need to register 0.31 million, 1.51 million, 0.88 million, and 0.79 million passenger EVs, respectively, in FY 2030–2031 to achieve a 30% EV share of total registrations.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/17835917231185877
Guenter Knieps
An important precondition for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in network industries is the access to big data and the attendant necessities of data sharing and data portability. The goal of this paper is to analyze the changing needs of entrepreneurial decision-making to exhaust the innovation potential of AI-driven big data value chains taking into account AI-specific ethical, security and privacy regulations. The analytical concept of AI-powered big data virtual networks is investigated with a focus on the governance of 5G-based big data value chains required for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in particular smart networks. Although several actors may be involved—such as broadband providers, cloud service providers, geopositioning service providers, or sensor network service providers—the final responsibility for bundling these different service components lies in the hands of the AI-powered big data virtual network providers. In addition to the required data privacy and security regulations, the exploration of new liability rules for AI interacting with traditional technologies is becoming relevant, taking into account AI-specific ethical and transparency obligations. Firstly, the complementary roles of the EU data regulatory framework and European AI regulatory framework are examined. Secondly, the network economic concept of AI-powered big data virtual networks is elaborated taking into account the required regulations. Thirdly, the heterogeneity of AI systems—required for a variety of IoT applications—is considered, with a particular focus on the application of AI within the transportation sector.
{"title":"The Governance of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Network Industries","authors":"Guenter Knieps","doi":"10.1177/17835917231185877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17835917231185877","url":null,"abstract":"An important precondition for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in network industries is the access to big data and the attendant necessities of data sharing and data portability. The goal of this paper is to analyze the changing needs of entrepreneurial decision-making to exhaust the innovation potential of AI-driven big data value chains taking into account AI-specific ethical, security and privacy regulations. The analytical concept of AI-powered big data virtual networks is investigated with a focus on the governance of 5G-based big data value chains required for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in particular smart networks. Although several actors may be involved—such as broadband providers, cloud service providers, geopositioning service providers, or sensor network service providers—the final responsibility for bundling these different service components lies in the hands of the AI-powered big data virtual network providers. In addition to the required data privacy and security regulations, the exploration of new liability rules for AI interacting with traditional technologies is becoming relevant, taking into account AI-specific ethical and transparency obligations. Firstly, the complementary roles of the EU data regulatory framework and European AI regulatory framework are examined. Secondly, the network economic concept of AI-powered big data virtual networks is elaborated taking into account the required regulations. Thirdly, the heterogeneity of AI systems—required for a variety of IoT applications—is considered, with a particular focus on the application of AI within the transportation sector.","PeriodicalId":38329,"journal":{"name":"Competition and Regulation in Network Industries","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42656707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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