Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.44
O. Paraska, A. Sioma, Svitlana Karvan
This article discusses methods of assessment for the cleanliness of materials made of cotton and polyester soiled with oil and pigment. Cleanliness tests were carried out using the vision method as well as nanometre-scale examination of fibre surface, and their results presented. This article describes a method of image analysis and the adopted indices associated with cleanliness visible on the image of the tested material. Also, nanometre-scale images of fibre surfaces were presented, with the differences between clean and filthy fibres pointed out.
{"title":"VISION METHODS OF EXAMINING THE CLEANLINESS OF TEXTILE MATERIALS","authors":"O. Paraska, A. Sioma, Svitlana Karvan","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses methods of assessment for the cleanliness of materials made of cotton and polyester soiled with oil and pigment. Cleanliness tests were carried out using the vision method as well as nanometre-scale examination of fibre surface, and their results presented. This article describes a method of image analysis and the adopted indices associated with cleanliness visible on the image of the tested material. Also, nanometre-scale images of fibre surfaces were presented, with the differences between clean and filthy fibres pointed out.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"20 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75731135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.29
J. Kwasniewski, I. Dominik, K. Lalik
This paper presents the application of a Self-exited Acoustical System (SAS) for monitoring stress changes in the cement plant. The change in the speed of wave propagation, which is associated with a change in the resonance frequency in the system is caused by the deformation of the examined material. The SAS system is based on this phenomenon and can be used for the indirect measurement of the stress changes in the material.
{"title":"A SELF-EXCITED ACOUSTICAL SYSTEM FOR STRESS MEASUREMENT IN A CEMENT PLANT","authors":"J. Kwasniewski, I. Dominik, K. Lalik","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of a Self-exited Acoustical System (SAS) for monitoring stress changes in the cement plant. The change in the speed of wave propagation, which is associated with a change in the resonance frequency in the system is caused by the deformation of the examined material. The SAS system is based on this phenomenon and can be used for the indirect measurement of the stress changes in the material.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"19 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85581707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.35
K. Mazur, M. Pawełczyk
In this paper an adaptive single input - multiple output feed-forward system for sound radiation from a vibrating plate is investigated. Finite impulse response filters are used to generate control signals for each actuator based on the common input signal. The filters are updated with the Filtered-x LMS algorithm in order to minimize the instantaneous squared value of the difference between the sound pressure measured at the specified point in the acoustic field, and the desired signal being the input signal filtered by the assumed secondary path transfer function model. Performance of the system is experimentally verified and obtained results are reported.
{"title":"FEED-FORWARD EQUALIZATION OF SOUND RADIATION FROM A VIBRATING PLATE","authors":"K. Mazur, M. Pawełczyk","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an adaptive single input - multiple output feed-forward system for sound radiation from a vibrating plate is investigated. Finite impulse response filters are used to generate control signals for each actuator based on the common input signal. The filters are updated with the Filtered-x LMS algorithm in order to minimize the instantaneous squared value of the difference between the sound pressure measured at the specified point in the acoustic field, and the desired signal being the input signal filtered by the assumed secondary path transfer function model. Performance of the system is experimentally verified and obtained results are reported.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"1368 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85551561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.57
T. Uhl, Z. Śliwa, Sławomir Grzesica
This paper describes a miniaturized model of a small size solar-hydrogen power installation with a reserve electricity source in the form of a fuel cell. The cell was powered with hydrogen generated in the electrolyzer in time periods when the photovoltaic panel works in suitable insolation conditions. Hydrogen was stored in a special tank, containing hydride releasing hydrogen in convertible reactions. The tests shown were performed in the summer and in various weather conditions. Conclusions confirmed the usefulness of the model for the design of full sized installations dedicated to summer cottages and similar objects. Modifications of the model were proposed with the aim to obtain quantitative test results needed for designing more efficient installations.
{"title":"A MODEL OF A SMALL SIZE SOLAR-HYDROGEN POWER INSTALLATION","authors":"T. Uhl, Z. Śliwa, Sławomir Grzesica","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.57","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a miniaturized model of a small size solar-hydrogen power installation with a reserve electricity source in the form of a fuel cell. The cell was powered with hydrogen generated in the electrolyzer in time periods when the photovoltaic panel works in suitable insolation conditions. Hydrogen was stored in a special tank, containing hydride releasing hydrogen in convertible reactions. The tests shown were performed in the summer and in various weather conditions. Conclusions confirmed the usefulness of the model for the design of full sized installations dedicated to summer cottages and similar objects. Modifications of the model were proposed with the aim to obtain quantitative test results needed for designing more efficient installations.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"6 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88104408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.51
A. Parus, B. Powałka
In this paper the results of simulation of vibration suppression during machining are presented. Two versions of the active clamp system were examined. In the case when the work-piece vibration dominates one direction, the active clamp system with 1 degree of freedom (1-DOF) can be used. Also, a 2-DOF sys-tem is proposed to show the effectiveness of the active clamp system for a complex vibration scenario.
{"title":"VIBROSTABILITY IMPROVEMENT USING THE ACTIVE CLAMP IN MACHINING","authors":"A. Parus, B. Powałka","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the results of simulation of vibration suppression during machining are presented. Two versions of the active clamp system were examined. In the case when the work-piece vibration dominates one direction, the active clamp system with 1 degree of freedom (1-DOF) can be used. Also, a 2-DOF sys-tem is proposed to show the effectiveness of the active clamp system for a complex vibration scenario.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"98 5","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72394034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.16
M. Kondratiuk, Z. Gosiewski, L. Ambroziak
In the paper we took into account the influence of the actively controlled coil dampers introduced into vibrating body supports. The body was considered as moving mass centre of 3-degrees-of-freedom. Investigated object was located on four supports. Body dynamics was described by means of Newton and Euler equations. Body vibrations were caused by statically unbalanced rotor located inside the object. In the control system the coils with the movable cores were used as the executive elements (controllable stiffness). In the closed-loop system the PD regulators were introduced into each support. The coils current was controlled by means of pulse width modulated (PWM) generators. In the article we presented the time characteristics and the frequency responses of the investigated system. Differences between open (non-controlled) and closed-loop (actively controlled) system were shown. Responses to the rotor perturbations were also calculated. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution were discussed. The further work directions were also indicated.
{"title":"ACTIVE COIL-CORE SYSTEM AS A PART OF RIGID BODY SUPPORT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE BODY VIBRATIONS","authors":"M. Kondratiuk, Z. Gosiewski, L. Ambroziak","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper we took into account the influence of the actively controlled coil dampers introduced into vibrating body supports. The body was considered as moving mass centre of 3-degrees-of-freedom. Investigated object was located on four supports. Body dynamics was described by means of Newton and Euler equations. Body vibrations were caused by statically unbalanced rotor located inside the object. In the control system the coils with the movable cores were used as the executive elements (controllable stiffness). In the closed-loop system the PD regulators were introduced into each support. The coils current was controlled by means of pulse width modulated (PWM) generators. In the article we presented the time characteristics and the frequency responses of the investigated system. Differences between open (non-controlled) and closed-loop (actively controlled) system were shown. Responses to the rotor perturbations were also calculated. Finally, the main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solution were discussed. The further work directions were also indicated.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"261 1","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73269695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.1
R. Leo, L. Lecce, Rosario Pencora, F. Amoroso
This work presents a new semi-active friction damper, based on the piezoelectric technology, for the anti-seismic control of a civil structure. The device has been conceived and designed at D.I.A.S. (Department of Aerospace Engineering) of University Federico II of Naples. It belongs to the family of the semi-active technologies of structural control for a civil structure. Damper is based on an external cylinder and an internal hollow piston that slips inside the cylinder. Device presents an original conceptual lay-out, developed at D.I.A.S and it is independent by any scheme, available in literature.
{"title":"Development of a new semi-active friction damper using piezoelectric technology for the anti-seismic control of civil structures","authors":"R. Leo, L. Lecce, Rosario Pencora, F. Amoroso","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a new semi-active friction damper, based on the piezoelectric technology, for the anti-seismic control of a civil structure. The device has been conceived and designed at D.I.A.S. (Department of Aerospace Engineering) of University Federico II of Naples. It belongs to the family of the semi-active technologies of structural control for a civil structure. Damper is based on an external cylinder and an internal hollow piston that slips inside the cylinder. Device presents an original conceptual lay-out, developed at D.I.A.S and it is independent by any scheme, available in literature.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82139649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.40
A. Mystkowski, L. Ambroziak
This paper describes the finite element method investigation of the permanent magnetic bearing (PMB) and spin tests of the PMB rotor suspension system. In order to increase the radial stiffness of the PMB, the Halbach-array configuration of the permanent magnets was used. The magnetic flux density of the PMB was investigated due to air gap. The test rig with the passive magnetic suspension is provided by one radial PMB on one end of the rotor. The rotor spin tests are performed for different desired unbalance, and rotor vibrations were presented.
{"title":"THE DYNAMIC STABILITY OF A ROTOR PASSIVE MAGNETIC BEARING WITH AN HALBACH-ARRAY","authors":"A. Mystkowski, L. Ambroziak","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.40","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the finite element method investigation of the permanent magnetic bearing (PMB) and spin tests of the PMB rotor suspension system. In order to increase the radial stiffness of the PMB, the Halbach-array configuration of the permanent magnets was used. The magnetic flux density of the PMB was investigated due to air gap. The test rig with the passive magnetic suspension is provided by one radial PMB on one end of the rotor. The rotor spin tests are performed for different desired unbalance, and rotor vibrations were presented.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72731670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.23
M. Książek, J. Tarnowski
The experiments described in this article are part of the research leading to the development of a model, in which the man working with hand held percussive tool constitutes an active element of the system. Research had on purpose description of transmission of hand pressure force from hand tool, through human body to operator legs. During a new series of experiments, human operators stood on a horizontal platform and by exerting pressure on a tool's handle compared force realized by him with the sudden reference force. The human operator was considered as alive active element able to control the hand tool by exerting suitable pressure on the tool's handle to fulfill the task a priori defined. The used test stand allowed for the generation of reference force, measurement and visualization of the reference, and realized forces on the monitor's screen. Several variants of the experiments were registered and analyzed. Special attention was paid to transient and steady states of human reactions subjected to vibration excitation perturbations coming from the tool with chosen frequencies. Simultaneous recordings of exerting pressure force on a tool's handle and platform horizontal reaction allowed visualization of force transmission through the human body between hands and legs for the investigated participants in transient and steady, after realized control, states. As results of the studies functions describing the transmission of vibrations through the human body were received.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION OF HAND PRESSURE FORCE THROUGH HUMAN BODY - EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS","authors":"M. Książek, J. Tarnowski","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"The experiments described in this article are part of the research leading to the development of a model, in which the man working with hand held percussive tool constitutes an active element of the system. Research had on purpose description of transmission of hand pressure force from hand tool, through human body to operator legs. During a new series of experiments, human operators stood on a horizontal platform and by exerting pressure on a tool's handle compared force realized by him with the sudden reference force. The human operator was considered as alive active element able to control the hand tool by exerting suitable pressure on the tool's handle to fulfill the task a priori defined. The used test stand allowed for the generation of reference force, measurement and visualization of the reference, and realized forces on the monitor's screen. Several variants of the experiments were registered and analyzed. Special attention was paid to transient and steady states of human reactions subjected to vibration excitation perturbations coming from the tool with chosen frequencies. Simultaneous recordings of exerting pressure force on a tool's handle and platform horizontal reaction allowed visualization of force transmission through the human body between hands and legs for the investigated participants in transient and steady, after realized control, states. As results of the studies functions describing the transmission of vibrations through the human body were received.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"94 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78710936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-23DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.6
I. Komorska
A method of diagnostics of the automobile gearbox wearing out is presented in this paper. The procedure can be automatically realised during driving. To be able to perform such diagnostics the reference model of the vibration signal on the basis of the synchronously averaged signal was created for a new gearbox (in a good technical condition). In order to realize the procedure on-board this model must be easily identifiable. A complicated structural model was given up for the simpler model of the abstract vibrations signal. Three ways of modelling were presented: harmonic series, parametric ARMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average) model, and the wavelet model. The current vibration signal is recorded at the determined moment of driving and then compared with the reference model. After each overhaul or exchange of drive system elements the reference model should be identified again. Diagnostics is being done by comparing measures for the reference model and the currently measured - adequately processed - signal. The method was verified in the active experiment performed on the Fiat Punto automobile with a 5-speed gearbox. The described method can constitute the supplementation of on-board automobile system by the mechanical failures of the drive system. This procedure can be broadened by defects of the main gear, differential gear, articulated joints, bearing, engine exhaust valves, and engine head gasket.
{"title":"AUTOMOBILE GEARBOX DIAGNOSTICS ON THE BASIS OF THE REFERENCE MODEL","authors":"I. Komorska","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2012.31.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"A method of diagnostics of the automobile gearbox wearing out is presented in this paper. The procedure can be automatically realised during driving. To be able to perform such diagnostics the reference model of the vibration signal on the basis of the synchronously averaged signal was created for a new gearbox (in a good technical condition). In order to realize the procedure on-board this model must be easily identifiable. A complicated structural model was given up for the simpler model of the abstract vibrations signal. Three ways of modelling were presented: harmonic series, parametric ARMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average) model, and the wavelet model. The current vibration signal is recorded at the determined moment of driving and then compared with the reference model. After each overhaul or exchange of drive system elements the reference model should be identified again. Diagnostics is being done by comparing measures for the reference model and the currently measured - adequately processed - signal. The method was verified in the active experiment performed on the Fiat Punto automobile with a 5-speed gearbox. The described method can constitute the supplementation of on-board automobile system by the mechanical failures of the drive system. This procedure can be broadened by defects of the main gear, differential gear, articulated joints, bearing, engine exhaust valves, and engine head gasket.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"23 1","pages":"6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88254783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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