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TIME-VARIANT FREQUENCY RESPONSE FUNCTION FOR ANALYSIS OF TIME-VARYING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 时变机械系统分析的时变频响函数
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.29
K. Dziedziech
System Identification is an important and often complex process in many areas of engineering. This process is not easy when parameters of the analysed system vary with time. In such cases classical methods fail to identify parameters properly. The work demonstrated in this paper deals with identification of natural frequencies of time-variant systems. The paper presents the application of the Time-Variant Frequency Response Function for this analysis. Calculation procedure requires division of output spectrum by input spectrum which often leads to division by close to zero values, and that leads to infinite (or undefined) values of resulting transfer function. Additional processing is required for interpretation. The major focus and challenge relate to ridge extraction of the above time-frequency characteristics. The methods presented in the paper are illustrated using experimental multi-degree-of-freedom system. The results show that the proposed method captures correctly the dynamics of the analysed time-variant systems.
系统识别在许多工程领域是一个重要且复杂的过程。当被分析系统的参数随时间变化时,这一过程并不容易。在这种情况下,经典方法不能正确地识别参数。本文演示的工作涉及时变系统固有频率的识别。本文介绍了时变频响函数在此分析中的应用。计算过程需要将输出频谱除以输入频谱,这通常会导致除以接近于零的值,从而导致得到的传递函数的无穷大(或未定义)值。解释需要额外的处理。主要的焦点和挑战涉及到上述时频特征的脊提取。本文所提出的方法以实验多自由度系统为例进行了说明。结果表明,所提出的方法能够正确地捕捉时变系统的动力学特性。
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引用次数: 1
SHAPE-MEMORY MATERIALS AS CONTROL ELEMENTS USED IN DOT BRAILLE ACTUATOR 点式盲文执行器用形状记忆材料控制元件
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.4.83
J. Bryła, A. Martowicz
The objective of this paper is to show a designing process for actuators that utilizes shape-memory materials. Analytical studies are carried out to design a dot actuator to be used in an electronic Braille display. Shape-memory materials are a relatively new group of smart materials that exhibit the transformation of their internal structures in solid state phases resulting from external mechanical or thermal excitation. This unique property shows up as three phenomena: one- and two-way memory effects as well as superelasticity, which all significantly influence the change of both the material properties and geometry. Hence, shape-memory materials are used as actuators effectively controlled by the above-mentioned types of excitation. The work presents the design guidelines for a proposed technical solution as well as the phenomenon utilized in the elaborated model of the actuator. The authors derived the mathematical descriptions for the proposed design configuration and an example of the calculations is shown. Moreover, the characteristics of the elaborated configuration are also discussed, taking into account the range of application areas.
本文的目的是展示利用形状记忆材料的致动器的设计过程。为设计一种用于电子盲文显示器的点致动器,进行了分析研究。形状记忆材料是一类相对较新的智能材料,它们在外部机械或热激励下表现出固态相内部结构的转变。这种独特的性质表现为三种现象:单向和双向记忆效应以及超弹性,它们都显著影响材料性能和几何形状的变化。因此,使用形状记忆材料作为执行器,有效地控制了上述类型的激励。该工作提出了提出的技术解决方案的设计准则,以及在执行器的详细模型中利用的现象。作者推导了所提出的设计结构的数学描述,并给出了计算实例。此外,考虑到应用领域的范围,还讨论了所述结构的特性。
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引用次数: 5
Problems with rectification of hoist supports on the example of a semi-portal bridge-crane with a lattice structure 以网架结构半门式桥式起重机为例,分析了提升机支座的修正问题
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.1.5
Bogusław Ładecki, F. Matachowski
The long period and conditions of operation are the cause of various types of severe damage to cranes used in the steelworks industry. Among the more dangerous and difficult to eliminate crane damage types, there is excess durable deflection of its supports from vertical axis. The object of the study is the semi-portal grab bridge-crane with steel lattice structure, for which deflection of a fixed support was detected that several times exceeded permissible values. For this crane, rectification was performed aimed at bringing fixed supports to the vertical line by stabilisation of the corrected location of the bearing structure of the crane using additional angle braces. The analysis of periodical geodetic measurements of the crane structure showed insufficient effect of the rectification, whereas loss of stability of some rods in the fixed support was detected. The study involved the FEM strength analysis of the crane, which revealed that the applied rectification method caused redistribution of forces in the rods of the fixed support, resulting in the loss of stability of some rods of the support, thus questioning the effectiveness of the rectification method applied.
在钢铁工业中使用的起重机,其运行周期和运行条件长是造成各种严重损坏的原因。在较危险和难以消除的起重机损坏类型中,有其支撑从垂直轴的过度持久挠度。以钢格架结构的半门式抓斗桥式起重机为研究对象,检测到固定支座的挠度多次超过允许值。对于这台起重机,进行了校正,目的是通过使用额外的角支撑来稳定起重机轴承结构的校正位置,从而将固定支撑带到垂直线上。通过对起重机结构的周期性大地测量分析,发现整流效果不足,而在固定支架中发现了一些杆的失稳现象。本研究对该起重机进行了有限元强度分析,分析结果表明,采用整流方法会引起固定支架杆的力重分布,导致支架部分杆失去稳定性,从而对采用整流方法的有效性提出质疑。
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引用次数: 0
OVERVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF ACOUSTIC FLOW ON THE BASIS OF SOUND INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS 基于声强测量的声流实验测定综述
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.1.26
S. Weyna
A large variety of CFD/CAA hybrid approaches are commonly used today for aero-acoustic engineering applications using equations and the coupling between source and acoustic propagation region. The coupling is usually made using Lighthill’s acoustic analogies and Kirhchoff’s acoustic boundary conditions. This paper intends to give answer how the size and shape of the source may be influence on the accuracy of the different coupling methods and their sensitivity. In this way, some experimental investigation was made using sound intensity measurement technique to the graphic presentation of the spatial distribution of the acoustic power flow over various geometrical shapes of structures located in a three-dimensional space. The results of these studies contribute to the theory of sound and general knowledge about the physics of flow acoustic phenomena, especially in the near acoustic field. As a result of research, the visualization analysis of the sound intensity flux in 3D space is shown as flow wave reactions on the presence of obstacles with different shapes. The results of vectors flow fields around a rectangular and circular plate, over the cavity and inside a ducts are show. The visualization of acoustic power flow in real-life acoustic fields can explain many particular energetic acoustic effects like scattering, vortex flow in shielding area, etc., concerning areas where it is difficult to make numerical analysis.
目前,CFD/CAA混合方法在航空声学工程应用中广泛使用,这些方法利用方程和声源与声波传播区域之间的耦合。耦合通常使用Lighthill的声学类比和Kirhchoff的声学边界条件来实现。本文旨在回答源的大小和形状对不同耦合方法的精度和灵敏度的影响。在此基础上,利用声强测量技术对三维空间中不同几何形状结构声功率流的空间分布进行了实验研究。这些研究的结果有助于声理论和流动声现象的物理常识,特别是在近声场。研究结果表明,声强通量在三维空间中的可视化分析表现为不同形状障碍物存在时的流波反应。给出了矩形板和圆形板周围、空腔上方和导管内的矢量流场计算结果。现实声场中声功率流的可视化可以解释散射、屏蔽区涡流等许多难以进行数值分析的特殊高能声效应。
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引用次数: 0
DAMAGE LOCALIZATION AND MONITORING OF LOAD CHANGES IN TRUSS STRUCTURES 桁架结构损伤定位与荷载变化监测
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.1.10
K. Mendrok
In recent years one can observe an increasing interest of the researchers, both from academia and industry, in the development of systems for the monitoring of health structures.. The main fields of application for these systems are rotating machinery, aircrafts and other means of group transport and civil engineering structures. Many of the latter, contain truss elements in its structure. That is why detection and possible localization of the fault in such a structures is crucial for the safety of its operation. In this paper the application of modal filtration to damage detection and localization in the truss structures is presented. The results of numerical simulation an laboratory experiment are shown.
近年来,人们可以观察到学术界和工业界的研究人员对卫生结构监测系统的发展越来越感兴趣。这些系统的主要应用领域是旋转机械、飞机和其他集运工具以及土木工程结构。后者中的许多在其结构中包含桁架元素。这就是为什么在这种结构中检测和可能定位故障对其运行安全至关重要的原因。本文介绍了模态滤波在桁架结构损伤检测与定位中的应用。给出了数值模拟和室内实验结果。
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引用次数: 1
Guitar playing robot, a tool assisting instrumental research 吉他演奏机器人,辅助器乐研究的工具
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.3.75
Daniel Tokarczyk, M. Pluta, J. Wiciak
The article is about use of automatic mechanism able to play an instrument in research about play repeatability. Repeatability in this case refers to the time delays between played notes in the sequences. Subject will be discussed based on a guitar playing robot. During the research with the use of guitar playing robots, some conclusions were made that confirm, that human is unable to play twice sound sequences maintaining high repeatability . It is also proven, that use of robotic musical instrument (RMI) helps to obtain play repeatability of the sound sequences much higher than the one obtained by the human musician.
本文是关于在演奏重复性研究中使用自动演奏机构进行演奏的研究。在这种情况下,重复性指的是序列中演奏音符之间的时间延迟。本课题将以一个会弹吉他的机器人为基础进行讨论。在使用机器人弹吉他的研究过程中,得出了一些结论,证实了人类无法演奏两次声音序列,保持高重复性。它也被证明,使用机器人乐器(RMI)有助于获得声音序列的播放重复性远高于人类音乐家获得的。
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引用次数: 0
CONDITIONING ELECTRONICS IN A SELF-POWERED VIBRATION REDUCTION SYSTEM: EXPERIMENTAL TESTING 自供电减振系统中的调节电子元件:实验测试
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.2.43
Ł. Jastrzębski
The paper summarises the results of laboratory testing of a vibration reduction system with energy harvesting capability, implemented in an 2 DOF mechanical application. The vibration reduction system comprises a commercially available RD-1005-3 type magnetorheological (MR) damper and an electromagnetic energy transducer (EPE) executing the reciprocating motion. The aim of the experiment was to compare the performance of the vibration reduction with two types of power conditioning systems and that in which the MR damper coil is fed directly with energy generated by EPE. Frequency characteristics are provided showing the plots of transmissibility coefficients, MR damper force, voltage generated by EPE, current intensity in the MR damper control coil, supplied electric power and mechanical power dissipated by the damper.
本文总结了一种具有能量收集能力的减振系统的实验室测试结果,并在二自由度机械应用中实现。该减振系统包括一个商用的RD-1005-3型磁流变(MR)阻尼器和一个执行往复运动的电磁能量传感器(EPE)。实验的目的是比较两种类型的电力调节系统的减振性能,其中MR阻尼器线圈直接由EPE产生的能量馈送。给出了传递系数、磁流变阻尼器力、EPE产生的电压、磁流变阻尼器控制线圈中的电流强度、供电功率和阻尼器耗散的机械功率的频率特性图。
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引用次数: 0
FINITE ELEMENT ANALASIS OF ADHESIVE BONDS USING THE COHESIVE ZONE MODELING METHOD 黏聚区建模方法对粘接键进行有限元分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.2.51
J. Korta, A. Mlyniec, P. Zdziebko, T. Uhl
The paper covers the subject of FE modeling of adhesive joints, which is gaining more and more attention in the contemporary industry, especially in the aerospace and automotive sectors. This technique of creating structural connections possesses many advantages over mechanical or welding methods and it seems that it will be exploited extensively in the future mechanical design. Ability of joining dissimilar materials, decreased minimum member cross-section size and corrosion inertness can be considered as its most important features. However, in the era of virtual prototyping, it is necessary to conduct reliable computer assisted analyses of these type of joints. It is because most of the contemporary structures are developed as numerical models first, and only the final product is prototyped physically, to validate the simulation results. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how to elaborate a reliable and accurate adhesive joint models, using a cohesive zone modeling (CZM) method. The major profitable consequence of using the CZM technique is that it introduces into the model relatively small number of spatial degrees of freedom, and therefore, allows for short computational times.
本文讨论了在当今工业领域,特别是在航空航天和汽车领域受到越来越多关注的粘接有限元建模问题。这种创建结构连接的技术比机械或焊接方法具有许多优点,似乎将在未来的机械设计中得到广泛利用。不同材料的连接能力、最小构件截面尺寸的减小和腐蚀惰性是其最重要的特点。然而,在虚拟样机时代,有必要对这类接头进行可靠的计算机辅助分析。这是因为大多数当代结构都是首先作为数值模型开发的,只有最终产品的物理原型才能验证模拟结果。本文的目的是演示如何利用黏聚区建模(CZM)方法来建立可靠和精确的粘接接头模型。使用CZM技术的主要有益结果是,它在模型中引入了相对较少的空间自由度,因此允许较短的计算时间。
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引用次数: 4
DESIGNING FOLDING WALL BOX PALLETS 设计折叠墙箱托盘
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.1.37
S. Wolny, Bogusław Ładecki, F. Matachowski
Designing of modern box pallets with folding walls, which are used for example to transport tires, requires fulfilment of a number of performance requirements. Such pallets, adapted to be moved by forklifts, are stored or transported without loading with walls folded, and during operation they are put together in the piles of a few pieces and braced by the transport belts. Difficult operating conditions are related to necessity to provide resistance of construction of a pallet or their pile on: bending, piling, stability, hitting in case of a free-fall, lifting by forklift, as well as the resistance to horizontal strokes by both edges and legs. In order to meet the above mentioned requirements, it is necessary to implement the relevant tensile FEM analyses, which are then reviewed by the relevant experimental testing. The paper discuss the requirements specified by standards for designing of the above mentioned pallets and presents FEM results in the process of pallets’ designing.
设计具有折叠壁的现代箱式托盘,例如用于运输轮胎,需要满足许多性能要求。这种托盘适合用叉车搬运,存放或运输时不装货,托盘壁折叠,作业时用几片堆砌在一起,用输送带支撑。困难的操作条件与必须提供托盘或其桩的施工阻力有关:弯曲,打桩,稳定性,在自由落体的情况下撞击,叉车提起,以及边缘和腿的水平冲击阻力。为了满足上述要求,有必要进行相关的拉伸有限元分析,然后进行相关的实验测试。本文讨论了上述托盘的设计标准要求,并给出了托盘设计过程中的有限元分析结果。
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引用次数: 1
ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAE FOR THE ACOUSTIC SELF-IMPEDANCE OF SIMPLY-SUPPORTED AND SIMPLY SUPPORTED-CLAMPED ANNULAR PLATES 简支和简支夹紧环形板声自阻抗的渐近公式
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2014.33.1.17
W. Rdzanek, W. Rdzanek
This study focuses on the sound radiation of a vibrating flat annular plate. The rigorous theoretical considerations deal with sometime-harmonic and axisymmetric vibrations. Three different boundary configurations are considered, i.e. one of the plate’s edges is simply supported and the other one is clamped or also is simply supported. The active and reactive self-impedance of the system are presented in their Hankel’s representations, valid within the whole frequency spectrum. The expressions obtained are transformed to their elementary forms, valid for the high frequencies. Low fluid loading and low internal friction of the plate are assumed. The obtained results are illustrated with sample plots in the domain of acoustic wavenumber. Elementary formulae presented can be useful for further theoretical analysis of the total sound power radiated by an excited flat plate in an acoustic fluid as well as for efficient engineering computations.
本文研究了振动平面环形板的声辐射。严格的理论考虑处理有时谐波和轴对称振动。考虑了三种不同的边界结构,即板的一侧边缘为简支,另一侧边缘为夹紧或也为简支。系统的有功自阻抗和无功自阻抗在全频谱范围内以汉克尔表示表示。得到的表达式转化为初等形式,对高频有效。假定低流体载荷和低板内摩擦。用声波数域的样例图说明了所得结果。所提出的初等公式可用于声流体中受激平板辐射总声功率的进一步理论分析和有效的工程计算。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Mechanics and Control
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