Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2016.35.1.6
J. Snamina, B. Sapiński
A physical model of a vehicle engine mount incorporating a magnetorheological (MR) damper in squeeze mode is investigated and the structural design and operating characteristics of the MR damper are provided. The mathematical model of an engine mount is formulated. Kinematic excitations are assumed to be those emulating road profile-chassis (car body) interactions. Simulations of engine vibration are performed to determine the efficiency of the proposed engine mount. Conclusions are drawn concerning the potential applications of the MR damper in vehicle engine mounts.
{"title":"PHYSICAL MODEL OF VEHICLE ENGINE MOUNT WITH MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER","authors":"J. Snamina, B. Sapiński","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2016.35.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2016.35.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"A physical model of a vehicle engine mount incorporating a magnetorheological (MR) damper in squeeze mode is investigated and the structural design and operating characteristics of the MR damper are provided. The mathematical model of an engine mount is formulated. Kinematic excitations are assumed to be those emulating road profile-chassis (car body) interactions. Simulations of engine vibration are performed to determine the efficiency of the proposed engine mount. Conclusions are drawn concerning the potential applications of the MR damper in vehicle engine mounts.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"10 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80787778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2016.35.1.1
D. Grzybek, Piotr Micek
The monitoring of a structure (e.g., a building) enables safe utilization of such a structure. A large number of sensors that measure selected parameters are often required in applied monitoring systems. Cables or batteries are used to power such sensors. This leads to an increase in utilization costs, as the cables have to be spatially located in a monitored building structure, or batteries have to be changed periodically. The use of the natural properties of piezoelectric materials that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in places where sensors are mounted is a promising field of wireless monitoring system development. This article presents the results of an experimental study for an energy harvesting system using a piezoelectric composite – the Macro Fiber Composite (MFC). The device used for energy harvesting has a beam structure that was achieved by gluing steel and MFC together. In laboratory research, the characteristics of generated currents and electrical power were obtained for several values of vibration amplitude. The most important conclusion was that the resonant frequency of a piezoelectric beam generator should be established (by the selection of proper dimension or/and mass) both for the vibration frequency of the monitored mechanical structure and the vibration amplitude of this structure.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ENERGY HARVESTING FROM MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF BUILDINGS USING MACRO FIBER COMPOSITE","authors":"D. Grzybek, Piotr Micek","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2016.35.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2016.35.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The monitoring of a structure (e.g., a building) enables safe utilization of such a structure. A large number of sensors that measure selected parameters are often required in applied monitoring systems. Cables or batteries are used to power such sensors. This leads to an increase in utilization costs, as the cables have to be spatially located in a monitored building structure, or batteries have to be changed periodically. The use of the natural properties of piezoelectric materials that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in places where sensors are mounted is a promising field of wireless monitoring system development. This article presents the results of an experimental study for an energy harvesting system using a piezoelectric composite – the Macro Fiber Composite (MFC). The device used for energy harvesting has a beam structure that was achieved by gluing steel and MFC together. In laboratory research, the characteristics of generated currents and electrical power were obtained for several values of vibration amplitude. The most important conclusion was that the resonant frequency of a piezoelectric beam generator should be established (by the selection of proper dimension or/and mass) both for the vibration frequency of the monitored mechanical structure and the vibration amplitude of this structure.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"22 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83212403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.34
Michał Lubieniecki, Marek Miodunka
This article presents attempts at automating a control system to reduce temperature scatter on the foil of a foil bearing. The control system reads the temperatures at six circumferential locations of the bearing’s foil and distributes control currents to the thermoelectric modules integrated into the bearing’s bushing. Three basic approaches have been proposed and tested: 1) a simple hot-spot tracking algorithm assigning predefined current values to the modules closest to the hot-spot location; 2) a tracking algorithm reducing abrupt changes in the control currents and, in effect, the local heat flux distribution; and 3) a tracking algorithm enhanced with a PID controller. The proposed controller has been implemented and compared to the performance of a temperature controller that does not have tracking capabilities. The implemented control strategies have proven the feasibility of temperature scatter reduction inside the investigated bearing. In most test cases, the instantaneous gradient reduction exceeded 50% (reaching 63% at its best).
{"title":"Control system preventing thermal gradient development on foils of foil bearing","authors":"Michał Lubieniecki, Marek Miodunka","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents attempts at automating a control system to reduce temperature scatter on the foil of a foil bearing. The control system reads the temperatures at six circumferential locations of the bearing’s foil and distributes control currents to the thermoelectric modules integrated into the bearing’s bushing. Three basic approaches have been proposed and tested: 1) a simple hot-spot tracking algorithm assigning predefined current values to the modules closest to the hot-spot location; 2) a tracking algorithm reducing abrupt changes in the control currents and, in effect, the local heat flux distribution; and 3) a tracking algorithm enhanced with a PID controller. The proposed controller has been implemented and compared to the performance of a temperature controller that does not have tracking capabilities. The implemented control strategies have proven the feasibility of temperature scatter reduction inside the investigated bearing. In most test cases, the instantaneous gradient reduction exceeded 50% (reaching 63% at its best).","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"33 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80387166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.41
A. Martowicz
The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of nonlocal formulations for models of elastic solids. The author presents the physical foundations for nonlocal theories of continuum mechanics, followed by various analytical and numerical techniques. The characteristics and range of practical applications for the presented approaches are discussed. The results of numerical simulations for the selected case studies are provided to demonstrate the properties of the described methods. The paper is illustrated with outcomes from peridynamic analyses. Fatigue and axial stretching were simulated to show the capabilities of the developed numerical tools.
{"title":"ON NONLOCAL MODELING IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS","authors":"A. Martowicz","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of nonlocal formulations for models of elastic solids. The author presents the physical foundations for nonlocal theories of continuum mechanics, followed by various analytical and numerical techniques. The characteristics and range of practical applications for the presented approaches are discussed. The results of numerical simulations for the selected case studies are provided to demonstrate the properties of the described methods. The paper is illustrated with outcomes from peridynamic analyses. Fatigue and axial stretching were simulated to show the capabilities of the developed numerical tools.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"34 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77336917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.4.59
Fernando E. Serrano, J. M. Rossell
In this paper, a complete analysis of Stewart–Gough platform kinematics by unit quaternions is proposed. Even when unit quaternions have been implemented in different applications (including a kinematic analysis of the Stewart platform mechanism), the research regarding the application of this approach is limited only to the analysis of some issues related to the kinematic properties of this parallel mechanism. For this reason, a complete analysis of the Stewart–Gough platform is shown. The derivation of the inverse and forward kinematics of the Stewart platform using unit quaternions shows that they are suitable to represent the orientation of the upper platform due to their simplicity, equivalence, and compact representation as compared to rotation matrices. Then, the leg velocities are derived to compute these values under different conditions.
{"title":"Complete kinematic analysis of the Stewart-Gough platform by unit quaternions","authors":"Fernando E. Serrano, J. M. Rossell","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.4.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.4.59","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a complete analysis of Stewart–Gough platform kinematics by unit quaternions is proposed. Even when unit quaternions have been implemented in different applications (including a kinematic analysis of the Stewart platform mechanism), the research regarding the application of this approach is limited only to the analysis of some issues related to the kinematic properties of this parallel mechanism. For this reason, a complete analysis of the Stewart–Gough platform is shown. The derivation of the inverse and forward kinematics of the Stewart platform using unit quaternions shows that they are suitable to represent the orientation of the upper platform due to their simplicity, equivalence, and compact representation as compared to rotation matrices. Then, the leg velocities are derived to compute these values under different conditions.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"138 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73312312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.3.47
A. Gallina, P. Zagórski, J. Rachucki
The paper presents a test bed designed to simulate magnetic environment experienced by a spacecraft on low Earth orbit. It consists of a spherical air bearing located inside a Helmholtz cage. The spherical air bearing is used for simulating microgravity conditions of orbiting bodies while the Helmholtz cage generates a controllable magnetic field resembling the one surrounding a satellite during its motion. Dedicated computer software is used to initially calculate the magnetic field on an established orbit. The magnetic field data is then translated into current values and transmitted to programmable power supplies energizing the cage. The magnetic field within the cage is finally measured by a test article mounted on the air bearing. The paper provides a description of the test bed and the test article design. An experimental test proves the good performance of the entire system.
{"title":"TEST BED FOR THE SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES","authors":"A. Gallina, P. Zagórski, J. Rachucki","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.3.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.3.47","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a test bed designed to simulate magnetic environment experienced by a spacecraft on low Earth orbit. It consists of a spherical air bearing located inside a Helmholtz cage. The spherical air bearing is used for simulating microgravity conditions of orbiting bodies while the Helmholtz cage generates a controllable magnetic field resembling the one surrounding a satellite during its motion. Dedicated computer software is used to initially calculate the magnetic field on an established orbit. The magnetic field data is then translated into current values and transmitted to programmable power supplies energizing the cage. The magnetic field within the cage is finally measured by a test article mounted on the air bearing. The paper provides a description of the test bed and the test article design. An experimental test proves the good performance of the entire system.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"12 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73696070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.1
G. Cieplok, Ł. Bednarski, R. Sieńko
This study examines the set of vibrating wire extensometer, in which to maintain natural vibrations of the wire Van der Pol generator has been used. Excited in this way, self-exited vibrations allow for uninterrupted strain measurements over time, including fast-changing strains as well as chaotic nature strains. For two typical vibrating wire gages used in the industry, the impact of the wire extension speed on its metrological characteristics and applicability has been analyzed.
{"title":"THE APPLICATION OF SELF-EXCITED VIBRATIONS FOR DYNAMIC STRAIN MEASUREMENTS CARRIED OUT BY VIBRATING WIRE TENSOMETERS","authors":"G. Cieplok, Ł. Bednarski, R. Sieńko","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the set of vibrating wire extensometer, in which to maintain natural vibrations of the wire Van der Pol generator has been used. Excited in this way, self-exited vibrations allow for uninterrupted strain measurements over time, including fast-changing strains as well as chaotic nature strains. For two typical vibrating wire gages used in the industry, the impact of the wire extension speed on its metrological characteristics and applicability has been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"123 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72753549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.9
R. Goraj, A. Spagnolo
The paper presents rotor-dynamical computations of a technology demonstrator of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor that was designed at the Research and Technology Centre of Siemens AG in the framework of the European funded project named MotorBrain. The computations were split into parts consisting modal and harmonic analysis performed numerically using FEM algorithms and the post-processing estimation of the amplitudes of rotor displacement and velocity in the whole range of motor rotation speed. Authors determined modal damping ratios of different oscillation modes and found values of resonance frequencies. In a further step forces were applied to the rotor in order to determine oscillation amplitudes of points placed along the rotor geometrical axis in the case of both mechanically and electromagnetically excited rotor. The computations were performed for the excitation of the first and the second flexural vibration. Except of rotor-dynamical computations authors performed vibration analyses of the stator together with the motor housing. The stator resonance frequencies and its modal deformation shapes were determined. In a further step electromagnetic forces acting on stator teeth were numerically found. These forces were then applied on each stator tooth in order to perform harmonic vibration analyses and determined the spatial average velocity of motor housing circumference area .
{"title":"Rotor dynamics and stator vibrations of a novel IPM synchronous motor","authors":"R. Goraj, A. Spagnolo","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents rotor-dynamical computations of a technology demonstrator of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor that was designed at the Research and Technology Centre of Siemens AG in the framework of the European funded project named MotorBrain. The computations were split into parts consisting modal and harmonic analysis performed numerically using FEM algorithms and the post-processing estimation of the amplitudes of rotor displacement and velocity in the whole range of motor rotation speed. Authors determined modal damping ratios of different oscillation modes and found values of resonance frequencies. In a further step forces were applied to the rotor in order to determine oscillation amplitudes of points placed along the rotor geometrical axis in the case of both mechanically and electromagnetically excited rotor. The computations were performed for the excitation of the first and the second flexural vibration. Except of rotor-dynamical computations authors performed vibration analyses of the stator together with the motor housing. The stator resonance frequencies and its modal deformation shapes were determined. In a further step electromagnetic forces acting on stator teeth were numerically found. These forces were then applied on each stator tooth in order to perform harmonic vibration analyses and determined the spatial average velocity of motor housing circumference area .","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"4 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82458818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.19
K. Holak, P. Kohut, A. Mlyniec, M. Ekiert, K. Tomaszewski, T. Uhl
The paper presents an application of vision-based measurement method in experimental mechanics of biological materials. The displacement and strain fields of human Achilles tendon specimen under tensile test were computed using digital image correlation method. Different software applications, both commercial as well as open source ones, were compared. The performance of algorithms was tested based on a referential measurement, carried out by a commercial software with affine model of deformation implemented. The root mean square error of a difference between strain obtained using reference measurement and each of the analyzed programs was computed. Additionally, an example of full field computation of displacement and strain field was presented.
{"title":"The use of digital image correlation in the study of Achilles tendon strain field","authors":"K. Holak, P. Kohut, A. Mlyniec, M. Ekiert, K. Tomaszewski, T. Uhl","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an application of vision-based measurement method in experimental mechanics of biological materials. The displacement and strain fields of human Achilles tendon specimen under tensile test were computed using digital image correlation method. Different software applications, both commercial as well as open source ones, were compared. The performance of algorithms was tested based on a referential measurement, carried out by a commercial software with affine model of deformation implemented. The root mean square error of a difference between strain obtained using reference measurement and each of the analyzed programs was computed. Additionally, an example of full field computation of displacement and strain field was presented.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"101 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85970913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2015.34.3.52
Bogusław Ładecki
Toughened soda-lime-silicate glass is a popular material widely used in construction due to its very good functional properties, characterised by high strength, safety in use, fire resistance, and also good thermal insulation. In this study, tests were conducted to describe the dependence between the bending strength of ESG toughened float glass and the thickness of the sample, the state of the sample edge, and the application of security film. Tests were also conducted on the influence of the placement of openings used for mounting glass screens used to secure display cases and other objects of a similar nature. The information obtained was used to design glass security screens and a new type of display case, a closed cassette with a glass screen, intended for use in protecting works of art from acts of vandalism and the destructive influence of environmental conditions.
{"title":"STRENGTH STUDY ON SODA-LIME-SILICATE TOUGHENED GLASS","authors":"Bogusław Ładecki","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2015.34.3.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2015.34.3.52","url":null,"abstract":"Toughened soda-lime-silicate glass is a popular material widely used in construction due to its very good functional properties, characterised by high strength, safety in use, fire resistance, and also good thermal insulation. In this study, tests were conducted to describe the dependence between the bending strength of ESG toughened float glass and the thickness of the sample, the state of the sample edge, and the application of security film. Tests were also conducted on the influence of the placement of openings used for mounting glass screens used to secure display cases and other objects of a similar nature. The information obtained was used to design glass security screens and a new type of display case, a closed cassette with a glass screen, intended for use in protecting works of art from acts of vandalism and the destructive influence of environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79820889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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