Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.117
J. Turkiewicz, Jan Sikora
This paper concerns the results of comparative research into the acoustical properties of rubber granulates derived from the recycling of conveyor belts production waste. In the process of recycling it is possible to obtain pure granulated rubber and forms contaminated with cotton fibres with a predominance of rubber grains or of cotton fabric. Rubber granulate in the contaminated form is characterized by sound-absorbing properties similar to those of the average-quality mineral wool and other fibrous materials. It can be used as the core of sound-absorbing panels in anti-noise protections. The research results can be used both in the design of acoustical protection as well as in the course of the recycling process of other waste products for obtaining materials with sound absorbing properties.
{"title":"SOUND ABSORBING MATERIALS FROM RECYCLED RUBBER PRODUCTS","authors":"J. Turkiewicz, Jan Sikora","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns the results of comparative research into the acoustical properties of rubber granulates derived from the recycling of conveyor belts production waste. In the process of recycling it is possible to obtain pure granulated rubber and forms contaminated with cotton fibres with a predominance of rubber grains or of cotton fabric. Rubber granulate in the contaminated form is characterized by sound-absorbing properties similar to those of the average-quality mineral wool and other fibrous materials. It can be used as the core of sound-absorbing panels in anti-noise protections. The research results can be used both in the design of acoustical protection as well as in the course of the recycling process of other waste products for obtaining materials with sound absorbing properties.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"27 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73927514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.2.82
M. Wolnica
For semi-active control of vehicle suspension magnetoreological (MR) dampers are usually used. Construction of such dampers suggests that their properties should be dependent on fluid temperature, current of the coil and the relative velocity of the rod, which all change during operation. Then, an inverse model used to work out the current based on the required damping force may not be adequate, and performance of the overall semi-active control system can be significantly degraded. MR damper reaches its operating temperature in a short period of time, and thus it should be modelled, and the obtained inverse model should reflect such state. However, it has been observed that the hysteric behavior of the MR damper significantly differs depending on the current. The paper presents results of such analysis and recommends using a set of simple models appropriate for different ranges of this parameter. During control the models should be switched to guarantee the best operating conditions. Experiments for this research have been performed using MTS system.
{"title":"MR DAMPER INVERSE MODELING DEPENDENT ON OPERATING CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Wolnica","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.2.82","url":null,"abstract":"For semi-active control of vehicle suspension magnetoreological (MR) dampers are usually used. Construction of such dampers suggests that their properties should be dependent on fluid temperature, current of the coil and the relative velocity of the rod, which all change during operation. Then, an inverse model used to work out the current based on the required damping force may not be adequate, and performance of the overall semi-active control system can be significantly degraded. MR damper reaches its operating temperature in a short period of time, and thus it should be modelled, and the obtained inverse model should reflect such state. However, it has been observed that the hysteric behavior of the MR damper significantly differs depending on the current. The paper presents results of such analysis and recommends using a set of simple models appropriate for different ranges of this parameter. During control the models should be switched to guarantee the best operating conditions. Experiments for this research have been performed using MTS system.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83899958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.122
Stanislaw Wrona, M. Pawełczyk
For successful active control of a vibrating structure it is essential to appropriately place sensors. One of the most important criteria is to make the system observable, so any control objectives can be achieved. In this paper the observability-oriented placement of sensors is undertaken. First, a theoretical model of a fully clamped plate is presented. Optimization criterion based on maximization of observability of the system is developed. A memetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution. Obtained results are compared with those obtained by the genetic algorithm. The configuration is also validated experimentally.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF AN MEMETIC ALGORITHM TO PLACEMENT OF SENSORS FOR ACTIVE NOISE-VIBRATION CONTROL","authors":"Stanislaw Wrona, M. Pawełczyk","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.122","url":null,"abstract":"For successful active control of a vibrating structure it is essential to appropriately place sensors. One of the most important criteria is to make the system observable, so any control objectives can be achieved. In this paper the observability-oriented placement of sensors is undertaken. First, a theoretical model of a fully clamped plate is presented. Optimization criterion based on maximization of observability of the system is developed. A memetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution. Obtained results are compared with those obtained by the genetic algorithm. The configuration is also validated experimentally.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"29 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86138926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.1.13
Izabela Kowarska, J. Korta, K. Kuczek, T. Uhl
Sophisticated virtual prototyping methods have become a standard in the modern vehicle design process. Unfortunately, in many cases automobile manufacturers (in particular bus manufacturers) still do not take advantage of numerical design techniques, basing instead on intuition and experience. In this paper hybrid modelling of an urban bus is presented. A hybrid bus model links different types of modelling that can be used to perform a wide range of virtual analyses of vehicle static and dynamic behaviour. The major objective of development and usage of a complex model is to reduce a time and cost of vehicle design process improving vehicle quality at the same time. The main advantage instead is a possibility to exploit a model for different performances of vehicle subsystems. A hybrid model representing real vehicle behaviour consists of three modelling techniques commonly used in automotive industry: multibody modelling, finite element modelling and multi- port (block) modelling. A full model has been developed via commercial software which ensures its availability among automotive engineers.
{"title":"HYBRID MODELLING OF AN URBAN BUS","authors":"Izabela Kowarska, J. Korta, K. Kuczek, T. Uhl","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Sophisticated virtual prototyping methods have become a standard in the modern vehicle design process. Unfortunately, in many cases automobile manufacturers (in particular bus manufacturers) still do not take advantage of numerical design techniques, basing instead on intuition and experience. In this paper hybrid modelling of an urban bus is presented. A hybrid bus model links different types of modelling that can be used to perform a wide range of virtual analyses of vehicle static and dynamic behaviour. The major objective of development and usage of a complex model is to reduce a time and cost of vehicle design process improving vehicle quality at the same time. The main advantage instead is a possibility to exploit a model for different performances of vehicle subsystems. A hybrid model representing real vehicle behaviour consists of three modelling techniques commonly used in automotive industry: multibody modelling, finite element modelling and multi- port (block) modelling. A full model has been developed via commercial software which ensures its availability among automotive engineers.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"154 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86277785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.152
R. Putanowicz, J. Jaśkowiec, P. Pluciński, A. Stankiewicz
The formulation and algorithmic aspects of nonlinear thermo-elasticity are reviewed in the paper. The attention is focused on coupling due to thermal expansion and temperature dependence of elastic model parameters, and on the consistent linearization of the ensuing nonlinear set of equations for two-field finite elements. Non-stationary heat flow, static loading and small strains are assumed. The solutions of some benchmark examples, obtained using the developed finite element environment FEMDK, are presented. The formulation has a more general application domain in the context of arbitrary coupling of a nonstationary diffusion proces and momentum balance.
{"title":"FINITE ELEMENT IMPLEMENTATION OF NONLINEAR THERMO-ELASTICITY AS TYPICAL COUPLING OF DIFFUSION AND MOMENTUM BALANCE","authors":"R. Putanowicz, J. Jaśkowiec, P. Pluciński, A. Stankiewicz","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.152","url":null,"abstract":"The formulation and algorithmic aspects of nonlinear thermo-elasticity are reviewed in the paper. The attention is focused on coupling due to thermal expansion and temperature dependence of elastic model parameters, and on the consistent linearization of the ensuing nonlinear set of equations for two-field finite elements. Non-stationary heat flow, static loading and small strains are assumed. The solutions of some benchmark examples, obtained using the developed finite element environment FEMDK, are presented. The formulation has a more general application domain in the context of arbitrary coupling of a nonstationary diffusion proces and momentum balance.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"17 1","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82606336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.1.30
D. Prusak, G. Karpiel, K. Gac
This article presents the method for controlling the piezolegs motor with the application of the FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) system and presents the results of conducted tests of the motor slider displacement, with various steering signal configurations. It includes also the review of piezoelectric motors solutions and characteristics of systems, based on FPGA systems. Suggested steering solution can be used for subsequent tests on piezolegs drives and can constitute positioning system element.
{"title":"2-DOF PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR CONTROLLER BASED ON FPGA","authors":"D. Prusak, G. Karpiel, K. Gac","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the method for controlling the piezolegs motor with the application of the FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) system and presents the results of conducted tests of the motor slider displacement, with various steering signal configurations. It includes also the review of piezoelectric motors solutions and characteristics of systems, based on FPGA systems. Suggested steering solution can be used for subsequent tests on piezolegs drives and can constitute positioning system element.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"41 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79412251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.171
M. Tekieli, Marek Słoński
In this paper we describe Bayesian inference-based approach to the solution of parametric identification problem in the context of updating of a finite element model of a structure. The proposed inverse solution is based on Monte Carlo filter and on the comparison of structure displacements extracted using digital image correlation method during a quasi-static loading and the corresponding displacements predicted by finite element method program. Our approach is applied to the problem of material model parameter identification of an aluminum laboratory-scale frame. The results are also verified by comparing the Monte Carlo filter-based solution with the analytical solution obtained using Kalman filter.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF MONTE CARLO FILTER FOR COMPUTER VISION-BASED BAYESIAN UPDATING OF FINITE ELEMENT MODEL","authors":"M. Tekieli, Marek Słoński","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.171","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe Bayesian inference-based approach to the solution of parametric identification problem in the context of updating of a finite element model of a structure. The proposed inverse solution is based on Monte Carlo filter and on the comparison of structure displacements extracted using digital image correlation method during a quasi-static loading and the corresponding displacements predicted by finite element method program. Our approach is applied to the problem of material model parameter identification of an aluminum laboratory-scale frame. The results are also verified by comparing the Monte Carlo filter-based solution with the analytical solution obtained using Kalman filter.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"111 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74763494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.97
A. Koszewnik, Z. Gosiewski
In this paper, a model of the passive seat suspension system is designed. To verify the model the excitation signals are modelled by using generator embedded to Simulink software. Additionally, the excitation signal is filtered with the use of the Butterworth filters. The vibro-isolation properties of the system are calculated on the basis of the ratio transmissibility of the vibration. The investigations proved that the designed system is correctly modelled and the system damps the vibration speciously in the most dangerous frequency range up to 20 Hz.
{"title":"Modelling of the seat suspension system for the vibration control system","authors":"A. Koszewnik, Z. Gosiewski","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.97","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a model of the passive seat suspension system is designed. To verify the model the excitation signals are modelled by using generator embedded to Simulink software. Additionally, the excitation signal is filtered with the use of the Butterworth filters. The vibro-isolation properties of the system are calculated on the basis of the ratio transmissibility of the vibration. The investigations proved that the designed system is correctly modelled and the system damps the vibration speciously in the most dangerous frequency range up to 20 Hz.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"28 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78171723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.87
S. Fortuna, J. Gorski, T. Siwek
Recognition of the spatial kinematics of the flow domain and its relation to the fan impeller geometry has a key influence on the machine design and better performance parameters. In this work some experimental results are presented of the measurements of the absolute velocity, its components and turbulence of the air flow through the radial fan rotor operating in various configurations. As the main measuring tool a three-axial hot-wire anemometer (CTA) probe has been used. The anemometer cooperates with a specialized software prepared by the authors for the spatial analysis of the flow field considered. In particular, the distribution of the circumferential velocity components behind the impeller rim has been examined, which affects directly the fan efficiency. As a result of the flow analysis behind the rotor rim a relationship has been established between the degree of turbulence and the machine efficiency. On the basis of the changes in the averaged-in-time velocity field behind the rim, the outflow of air from the blade passage has been evaluated.
{"title":"THERMOANEMOMETRICAL STUDY OF FLOW STRUCTURE THROUGH A CENTRIFUGAL FAN","authors":"S. Fortuna, J. Gorski, T. Siwek","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.3.87","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition of the spatial kinematics of the flow domain and its relation to the fan impeller geometry has a key influence on the machine design and better performance parameters. In this work some experimental results are presented of the measurements of the absolute velocity, its components and turbulence of the air flow through the radial fan rotor operating in various configurations. As the main measuring tool a three-axial hot-wire anemometer (CTA) probe has been used. The anemometer cooperates with a specialized software prepared by the authors for the spatial analysis of the flow field considered. In particular, the distribution of the circumferential velocity components behind the impeller rim has been examined, which affects directly the fan efficiency. As a result of the flow analysis behind the rotor rim a relationship has been established between the degree of turbulence and the machine efficiency. On the basis of the changes in the averaged-in-time velocity field behind the rim, the outflow of air from the blade passage has been evaluated.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"16 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73293682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.164
H. Rusinowski, A. Milejski, Z. Buliński
Combustible waste gases are by-products of many technological processes. They vary in their calorific value and are used to decrease the usage of gases whose calorific value is higher. Coke oven gas from the coking process and process gases from an electric furnace in a copper plant are examples of such gases. Composition and calorific value of coke oven gas depend on coking parameters as well as on the type and quality of coal. The most common process where the coke oven gas is used is the process of heating combustion air in a heat regenerator. The gases from the electric furnace (due to low calorific value) require post combustion at the beginning of their disposal process. The paper addresses mathematical modelling of a coke oven battery regenerator as well as mathematical modelling of post combustion and cooling the electric furnace process gases. The regenerator mathematical model was elaborated for the simplified geometry of a real object making the assumptions for the heat transfer equations. The post combustion and cooling processes of the electric furnace gases are modelled with the aid of the Ansys software. This software was used for both elaborate simplified geometry of the analysed object and carry out the simulations. Mathematical description of occurring processes includes in this case combustion, turbulence and heat transfer.
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF UTILIZATION WASTE GASES FROM INDUSTRIAL FURNACES","authors":"H. Rusinowski, A. Milejski, Z. Buliński","doi":"10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MECH.2013.32.4.164","url":null,"abstract":"Combustible waste gases are by-products of many technological processes. They vary in their calorific value and are used to decrease the usage of gases whose calorific value is higher. Coke oven gas from the coking process and process gases from an electric furnace in a copper plant are examples of such gases. Composition and calorific value of coke oven gas depend on coking parameters as well as on the type and quality of coal. The most common process where the coke oven gas is used is the process of heating combustion air in a heat regenerator. The gases from the electric furnace (due to low calorific value) require post combustion at the beginning of their disposal process. The paper addresses mathematical modelling of a coke oven battery regenerator as well as mathematical modelling of post combustion and cooling the electric furnace process gases. The regenerator mathematical model was elaborated for the simplified geometry of a real object making the assumptions for the heat transfer equations. The post combustion and cooling processes of the electric furnace gases are modelled with the aid of the Ansys software. This software was used for both elaborate simplified geometry of the analysed object and carry out the simulations. Mathematical description of occurring processes includes in this case combustion, turbulence and heat transfer.","PeriodicalId":38333,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanics and Control","volume":"319 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85424087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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