Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619231
M. Oida, H. Maenami, N. Isu, E. H. Ishida
In order to build up a sustainable society, the authors have investigated the recycling technology of inorganic wastes with low energy consumption. Sewage sludge ash, concrete waste, and construction sludge were used as raw materials. These waste were mixed with Ca(OH) 2 and formed by uniaxial pressing. The specimens were autoclaved for 6 h at 180degC under saturated steam pressure. The flexural strength of the specimens varied from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa with the bulk density of 1200 to 1550 kg/m3. The strength development was caused by filling of the initial void among the particles with tobermorite (Ca5(Si6O18H2)middot4H 2O) and hydrogarnet (Ca3Al2(SiO4 )(OH)8) formed by hydrothermal treatment. To apply these solidified inorganic waste to paving tile, determined that Ca(OH) 2/wastes mass ratio is 15/85 for plant production condition. The paving tile had comparable performance with brick, block and concrete pavement
{"title":"Recycle of inorganic wastes by hydrothermal technology","authors":"M. Oida, H. Maenami, N. Isu, E. H. Ishida","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619231","url":null,"abstract":"In order to build up a sustainable society, the authors have investigated the recycling technology of inorganic wastes with low energy consumption. Sewage sludge ash, concrete waste, and construction sludge were used as raw materials. These waste were mixed with Ca(OH) <sub>2</sub> and formed by uniaxial pressing. The specimens were autoclaved for 6 h at 180degC under saturated steam pressure. The flexural strength of the specimens varied from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa with the bulk density of 1200 to 1550 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. The strength development was caused by filling of the initial void among the particles with tobermorite (Ca<sub>5</sub>(Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)middot4H <sub>2</sub>O) and hydrogarnet (Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4 </sub>)(OH)<sub>8</sub>) formed by hydrothermal treatment. To apply these solidified inorganic waste to paving tile, determined that Ca(OH) <sub>2</sub>/wastes mass ratio is 15/85 for plant production condition. The paving tile had comparable performance with brick, block and concrete pavement","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116933156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619385
K.I. Takahashi, M. Tsuda, J. Nakamura, K. Kato, S. Nishi
The extended environmental impact of e-learning was studied including ripple effects. E-learning changes the user's lifestyle and the various changes (ripple effects) were quantified by using an Internet questionnaire. The environmental burdens were evaluated with LCA and the results were shown as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. E-learning can reduce the CO2 emissions generated by conventional training by an average of 95%
{"title":"Environmental Assessment of e-Learning Based on a Customer Survey","authors":"K.I. Takahashi, M. Tsuda, J. Nakamura, K. Kato, S. Nishi","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619385","url":null,"abstract":"The extended environmental impact of e-learning was studied including ripple effects. E-learning changes the user's lifestyle and the various changes (ripple effects) were quantified by using an Internet questionnaire. The environmental burdens were evaluated with LCA and the results were shown as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. E-learning can reduce the CO2 emissions generated by conventional training by an average of 95%","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125915602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sakamoto, A. Takebayashi, N. Kubo, Y. Hashimoto, I. Suzuki, Y. Ueda, M. Hanai
In Japan, lightning damage to FRP blades for wind power generators is increasing, together with the increase in wind power generator installation in recent years. In order to solve this issue, the Kochi University of Technology received a request for research on lightning protection from the Kochi prefecture in 2002. After the literatures survey, experiments to protect lightning damage to FRP blade for wind power generators were planned. The specimens prepared for this research are 1/2 size models and two 1/4 parts of the full size 250 kW blade. The method to protect the lightning damage is metal coating. The experiments were conducted mainly in the Toshiba Hamakawasaki High Voltage High Power Testing Laboratory as was made in the previous experiments
{"title":"Effect of Metal Coating on FRP Blade Lightning Failure for Wind Power Generators","authors":"H. Sakamoto, A. Takebayashi, N. Kubo, Y. Hashimoto, I. Suzuki, Y. Ueda, M. Hanai","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2005-79312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2005-79312","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, lightning damage to FRP blades for wind power generators is increasing, together with the increase in wind power generator installation in recent years. In order to solve this issue, the Kochi University of Technology received a request for research on lightning protection from the Kochi prefecture in 2002. After the literatures survey, experiments to protect lightning damage to FRP blade for wind power generators were planned. The specimens prepared for this research are 1/2 size models and two 1/4 parts of the full size 250 kW blade. The method to protect the lightning damage is metal coating. The experiments were conducted mainly in the Toshiba Hamakawasaki High Voltage High Power Testing Laboratory as was made in the previous experiments","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"2672 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126046860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619271
F. Unezaki, Y. Anzai, T. Ikeda, F. Matsuoka
The energy saving refrigeration system that is composed of a condensing unit and the refrigerated display cases has been developed. In this system, the DC inverter compressor controls the evaporating temperature and linear expansion valves control superheat at the outlet of evaporators in the refrigerated display cases. The target value of the evaporating temperature is calculated from the temperature difference between the refrigerated display cases and those cooling targets. The target value of superheat is set at 8 degrees that is the best value for energy conservation of the R404A refrigeration system. In this way, the electric power consumption of the refrigeration system is reduced by 31% in comparison with the conventional system
{"title":"Energy Saving Refrigeration System for Supermarket","authors":"F. Unezaki, Y. Anzai, T. Ikeda, F. Matsuoka","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619271","url":null,"abstract":"The energy saving refrigeration system that is composed of a condensing unit and the refrigerated display cases has been developed. In this system, the DC inverter compressor controls the evaporating temperature and linear expansion valves control superheat at the outlet of evaporators in the refrigerated display cases. The target value of the evaporating temperature is calculated from the temperature difference between the refrigerated display cases and those cooling targets. The target value of superheat is set at 8 degrees that is the best value for energy conservation of the R404A refrigeration system. In this way, the electric power consumption of the refrigeration system is reduced by 31% in comparison with the conventional system","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125394089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619258
Y. Kobayashi, N. Oyasato, M. Yamamoto, H. Kobayashi
We have developed an LCA database based on the latest Input-Output table (IOT) for Japan, which was released in 2004, with three types of modification. First, hybrid analysis was applied to estimate the total environmental loads. The ten main import goods have been evaluated by the process analysis method and added to environmental loads inside Japan calculated based on the Japanese IOT. Second, thirty types of inventory have been estimated. Consideration of various environmental loads makes it possible to evaluate the total environmental impacts comprehensively. Third, several categories in the IOT have been divided so as to estimate emissions intensities of embodied greenhouse gases accurately.
{"title":"Development of LCA Database Based on an Economic Input-Output Table","authors":"Y. Kobayashi, N. Oyasato, M. Yamamoto, H. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619258","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed an LCA database based on the latest Input-Output table (IOT) for Japan, which was released in 2004, with three types of modification. First, hybrid analysis was applied to estimate the total environmental loads. The ten main import goods have been evaluated by the process analysis method and added to environmental loads inside Japan calculated based on the Japanese IOT. Second, thirty types of inventory have been estimated. Consideration of various environmental loads makes it possible to evaluate the total environmental impacts comprehensively. Third, several categories in the IOT have been divided so as to estimate emissions intensities of embodied greenhouse gases accurately.","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116188020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619282
M. Fargnoli, T. Sakao
The latest research work carried out by scientific institutes and companies has provided some important results that show key design schemes, which can be followed for a wider action aimed at solving problems related to the environmental impacts of industrial products review work of the recent regulations, norms and policies in the field was carried out with the aim of clarifying the concepts and the utmost trends which characterize the new "green approach": in particular focused attention on the utmost and most significant regulations concerning industrial products development. The goal of the research work consisted in comparing European regulation and the Japanese ones, with the aim of developing a guideline to be used by designer as support for the products' review in accordance with ISO standards. In order to optimize such an approach and verify its effectiveness an application to a real case study was carried out
{"title":"The Environmental Design Review towards the International Regulations","authors":"M. Fargnoli, T. Sakao","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619282","url":null,"abstract":"The latest research work carried out by scientific institutes and companies has provided some important results that show key design schemes, which can be followed for a wider action aimed at solving problems related to the environmental impacts of industrial products review work of the recent regulations, norms and policies in the field was carried out with the aim of clarifying the concepts and the utmost trends which characterize the new \"green approach\": in particular focused attention on the utmost and most significant regulations concerning industrial products development. The goal of the research work consisted in comparing European regulation and the Japanese ones, with the aim of developing a guideline to be used by designer as support for the products' review in accordance with ISO standards. In order to optimize such an approach and verify its effectiveness an application to a real case study was carried out","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619261
F. Mandorli, M. German, H. Otto
The sustainable development of our societies is one of the priorities of the European Commission. Through its new Integrated Product Policy (IPP), the European Commission is developing a series of measures that influence the supply and demand of environmentally sound products. Some IPP tools are based on product and process self-declarations, while others require the performance of a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) data availability is the fundamental premise in order to be able to perform an LCA. In this paper, the work is to investigate the diffusion of required LCA data along the supplier chain with the aim of identifying strategies to increase the awareness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in respect to LCA, to suggest methodologies to facilitate the collection of sound LCI data and to test available low-cost software tools to support LCA, with particular reference to the production phase is reported
{"title":"Integrated Product Policy and distributed supplier structures: SME and sound LCA data in conflict","authors":"F. Mandorli, M. German, H. Otto","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619261","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of our societies is one of the priorities of the European Commission. Through its new Integrated Product Policy (IPP), the European Commission is developing a series of measures that influence the supply and demand of environmentally sound products. Some IPP tools are based on product and process self-declarations, while others require the performance of a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA). Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) data availability is the fundamental premise in order to be able to perform an LCA. In this paper, the work is to investigate the diffusion of required LCA data along the supplier chain with the aim of identifying strategies to increase the awareness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in respect to LCA, to suggest methodologies to facilitate the collection of sound LCI data and to test available low-cost software tools to support LCA, with particular reference to the production phase is reported","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114453654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619320
Hsiang-Tang Chang
This study proposes an eco-innovative design and problem-solving process, which is based on TRIZ Su-Field analysis modeling. The Su-Field analysis model can assist designers to diagnose and solve most problems because it possesses an icon-and-symbol system and some transformation rules. The proposed process guides designers to construct a model of design problem through the Su-Field analysis modeling of object, then to rearrange and derive the new developed model by environmental concepts, and finally to obtain a new design prototype. Some design cases successfully demonstrate that the proposed process is conducive to elevate the efficiency of development of eco-innovative products.
{"title":"The Study of Integrating Su-Field Analysis Modeling with Eco-Innovative Concept for Product Design","authors":"Hsiang-Tang Chang","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619320","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes an eco-innovative design and problem-solving process, which is based on TRIZ Su-Field analysis modeling. The Su-Field analysis model can assist designers to diagnose and solve most problems because it possesses an icon-and-symbol system and some transformation rules. The proposed process guides designers to construct a model of design problem through the Su-Field analysis modeling of object, then to rearrange and derive the new developed model by environmental concepts, and finally to obtain a new design prototype. Some design cases successfully demonstrate that the proposed process is conducive to elevate the efficiency of development of eco-innovative products.","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116237647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619267
E. Sundin, J. Ostlin
Remanufacturing is often seen as an environmentally sound way of salvaging the energy that is put into products when shaped. A sector of remanufacturing that today has high volumes - and still is increasing - is that of toner cartridge remanufacturing. The investigation found that, in the sector of toner cartridge remanufacturing, most of the companies are independent of the OEMs (original equipment manufacturers), which creates a big competition between the actors, something that is especially evident when considering toner cartridge design. If the designs are to be improved and adapted for remanufacturing, the research found that designers must focus on introducing toner cartridges with the properties of ease-of-identification, ease-of-access and wear resistance. The companies studied had a high commitment to quality, and were very much customer-focused. Areas that the companies should consider in order to achieve a process that is more lean/efficient were concluded to be visual management systems and the use of space, movement of materials and product line flow. Furthermore, the number of companies dealing with remanufacturing makes it harder to retrieve empties for customers. In this paper, there are several different strategies mentioned on how to retrieve cartridges
{"title":"Case Study Analysis of Three Toner Cartridge Remanufacturers","authors":"E. Sundin, J. Ostlin","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619267","url":null,"abstract":"Remanufacturing is often seen as an environmentally sound way of salvaging the energy that is put into products when shaped. A sector of remanufacturing that today has high volumes - and still is increasing - is that of toner cartridge remanufacturing. The investigation found that, in the sector of toner cartridge remanufacturing, most of the companies are independent of the OEMs (original equipment manufacturers), which creates a big competition between the actors, something that is especially evident when considering toner cartridge design. If the designs are to be improved and adapted for remanufacturing, the research found that designers must focus on introducing toner cartridges with the properties of ease-of-identification, ease-of-access and wear resistance. The companies studied had a high commitment to quality, and were very much customer-focused. Areas that the companies should consider in order to achieve a process that is more lean/efficient were concluded to be visual management systems and the use of space, movement of materials and product line flow. Furthermore, the number of companies dealing with remanufacturing makes it harder to retrieve empties for customers. In this paper, there are several different strategies mentioned on how to retrieve cartridges","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619191
H. Hermansson, E. Sundin
Remanufacturing is often a complicated process. An organization incorporated with remanufacturing should consider different aspects of possible obstacles that can arise. This paper deals with the organizational aspects that have been found important in order to achieve an efficient remanufacturing business. The described organizational aspects are; flow of cores, high-value parts, supplier, logistics, rightsourcing, customers, responsibility, employees, leadership and skills/competences. These aspects have been found to be important when considering the organization of a remanufacturing business. Further, it is shown that there are factors that affect remanufacturing processes more than others. To start with, there must be a common strategy that everyone in the remanufacturing company approves. The strategy, explaining the field of business and other important issues, is the link between most of the obstacles and competitive factors discovered in this research. By using a suitable strategy, the obstacles can be removed and the competitive factors will boost the company's economic and environmental businesses
{"title":"Managing the Remanufacturing Organization for an Optimal Product Life Cycle","authors":"H. Hermansson, E. Sundin","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619191","url":null,"abstract":"Remanufacturing is often a complicated process. An organization incorporated with remanufacturing should consider different aspects of possible obstacles that can arise. This paper deals with the organizational aspects that have been found important in order to achieve an efficient remanufacturing business. The described organizational aspects are; flow of cores, high-value parts, supplier, logistics, rightsourcing, customers, responsibility, employees, leadership and skills/competences. These aspects have been found to be important when considering the organization of a remanufacturing business. Further, it is shown that there are factors that affect remanufacturing processes more than others. To start with, there must be a common strategy that everyone in the remanufacturing company approves. The strategy, explaining the field of business and other important issues, is the link between most of the obstacles and competitive factors discovered in this research. By using a suitable strategy, the obstacles can be removed and the competitive factors will boost the company's economic and environmental businesses","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132067747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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