Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619246
B. Kuhrke, S. Feickert, E. Abele, Frank-Dieter Clesle
The present legislation of the European Union as well as the environmental responsibility will increase the number of companies, who want to execute Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) of their product in order to full fill future legislative requirements or to improve the environmental soundness of their products. The current instruments for LCAs are only isolated solutions and not integrated in the product development processes. The integration into the day to day development work can only be realised by using information and data which is already kept in the company. This article describes an approach for an LCA Tool integrated into the SAP E-Business Solutions
{"title":"Environmental Assessment and Life Cycle Collaboration integrated in E-Business Solutions","authors":"B. Kuhrke, S. Feickert, E. Abele, Frank-Dieter Clesle","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619246","url":null,"abstract":"The present legislation of the European Union as well as the environmental responsibility will increase the number of companies, who want to execute Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) of their product in order to full fill future legislative requirements or to improve the environmental soundness of their products. The current instruments for LCAs are only isolated solutions and not integrated in the product development processes. The integration into the day to day development work can only be realised by using information and data which is already kept in the company. This article describes an approach for an LCA Tool integrated into the SAP E-Business Solutions","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128056102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619378
Y. Kawamura, H. Suzuki
A recycling plant is constructed for waste home appliances and operated from April 2000. A life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare recycling scenarios was conducted using the data from the operation. The results of the assessment show that it was effective from not only the reduction in the amount of the final disposal but also the point of the reduction in the environmental loads. Last EcoDesign2004, we reported the environmental load reduction effect in 2002. In this report, it evaluates by LCA again based on the data in 2004 that improves the recycling process based on the previous evaluation result, and it reports on the effect of the improvement
{"title":"Environmental Benefit of Waste Home Appliance Recycling II - A Trial to Reduce Environmental Loads -","authors":"Y. Kawamura, H. Suzuki","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619378","url":null,"abstract":"A recycling plant is constructed for waste home appliances and operated from April 2000. A life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare recycling scenarios was conducted using the data from the operation. The results of the assessment show that it was effective from not only the reduction in the amount of the final disposal but also the point of the reduction in the environmental loads. Last EcoDesign2004, we reported the environmental load reduction effect in 2002. In this report, it evaluates by LCA again based on the data in 2004 that improves the recycling process based on the previous evaluation result, and it reports on the effect of the improvement","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122714395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619222
S. Ichikawa, H. Uchida, H. Uchida
The possibility of hydrogen generation from the organic materials using supercritical water (SCW) was demonstrated in this paper. As for the hydrogen generation rate, i.e. the rate of gasification and the concentration of hydrogen in the decomposed gases the number of OH radical is one of the most important factors, where the decrease of the concentration of CO2 and increase of methane can be observed in case of using monohydric alcohol. From the practical view point, glycerin is one of the most suitable candidates for the hydrogen generation using the SCW. Glycerin can be obtained as by-product generated in the course of the bio-diesel (BDF) production using ester reaction of vegetable oils. If the utilization of BDF is spread, the rest material of glycerin can be used for the hydrogen generation using SCW and cost merit can also be expected
{"title":"Hydrogen generation using supercritical water","authors":"S. Ichikawa, H. Uchida, H. Uchida","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619222","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of hydrogen generation from the organic materials using supercritical water (SCW) was demonstrated in this paper. As for the hydrogen generation rate, i.e. the rate of gasification and the concentration of hydrogen in the decomposed gases the number of OH radical is one of the most important factors, where the decrease of the concentration of CO2 and increase of methane can be observed in case of using monohydric alcohol. From the practical view point, glycerin is one of the most suitable candidates for the hydrogen generation using the SCW. Glycerin can be obtained as by-product generated in the course of the bio-diesel (BDF) production using ester reaction of vegetable oils. If the utilization of BDF is spread, the rest material of glycerin can be used for the hydrogen generation using SCW and cost merit can also be expected","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131474738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619199
K. Shimamura, T. Takahashi, K. Ueno, K. Ishii, Y. Tanabe, H. Mori, K. Iimura
It has past 5years since the home appliance recycling law, had based on EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) policy, and had been enacted in Japan. This law has brought about Japan unexpected breakthrough. It is a qualitative change in DFE (Design For Environment), especially DFD (Design For Disassembly) of home electric appliance manufacturing design. This report introduces the "Recycling mark" putting on the new developed home electric appliances that is useful to recycling plant operators. And propose these marks spreading widely to all over the world for the recycle-oriented society
{"title":"Some proposal and examples of marking for easy sorting and separation for the purpose of DFD","authors":"K. Shimamura, T. Takahashi, K. Ueno, K. Ishii, Y. Tanabe, H. Mori, K. Iimura","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619199","url":null,"abstract":"It has past 5years since the home appliance recycling law, had based on EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) policy, and had been enacted in Japan. This law has brought about Japan unexpected breakthrough. It is a qualitative change in DFE (Design For Environment), especially DFD (Design For Disassembly) of home electric appliance manufacturing design. This report introduces the \"Recycling mark\" putting on the new developed home electric appliances that is useful to recycling plant operators. And propose these marks spreading widely to all over the world for the recycle-oriented society","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"32 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114006600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619167
Bing Zhang, F. Kimura
The increasingly higher and stricter requirements from the environmental directives and the end-users have made it more and more important to design products with higher upgradability that availed the producers of the possibility to extend the product lifetime, improve recycling ratio and decrease manufacturing cost. However, the changes of the requirements are unpredictable, so two approaches are provided for the producers in this research. One is to design products with lowest upgrading cost for the most possibly adopted upgrading direction. Another is to design product with the lowest average upgrading cost for all possible upgrading directions. Here, cost is determined by the replacement ratio of components when the product is upgraded, which, in turn, is decided by the assembly method and the component assembly sequence. This paper proposes a design & assessment method by employing term-rewriting method to analyze assembly method and an agent-based method to analyze assembly sequence of components
{"title":"Agent-based and Term-rewriting Method for Product Upgradeable Design","authors":"Bing Zhang, F. Kimura","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619167","url":null,"abstract":"The increasingly higher and stricter requirements from the environmental directives and the end-users have made it more and more important to design products with higher upgradability that availed the producers of the possibility to extend the product lifetime, improve recycling ratio and decrease manufacturing cost. However, the changes of the requirements are unpredictable, so two approaches are provided for the producers in this research. One is to design products with lowest upgrading cost for the most possibly adopted upgrading direction. Another is to design product with the lowest average upgrading cost for all possible upgrading directions. Here, cost is determined by the replacement ratio of components when the product is upgraded, which, in turn, is decided by the assembly method and the component assembly sequence. This paper proposes a design & assessment method by employing term-rewriting method to analyze assembly method and an agent-based method to analyze assembly sequence of components","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121150797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619173
Y. Mayuzumi, I. Choh
There seems to exist two general ways that Environmental Communication (EC) is understood in Japan today. One can be called Basic Style, whose main function is the disclosure of information, and the other is Developed Style, where edifying social activities are the main method. This report will not pursue issues related to the Basic Style of EC, but rather will focus on proposing strategies in the Developed Style of EC. One way to approach this is to propose a scenario for a project highly effective in prompting environmental action, by way of extracting the characteristics of collaborative projects that were successful, analyzing and demonstrating its effectiveness, and then applying what has been learned and understood into the corporate-driven Developed Style EC. Based on this study, the following factors be incorporated into the planning of Developed Style EC activities: events with workshops (performance) or entertaining events should be given priority; the content of the event should give participants a stronger sense that they want to have fun time and that the participation is a necessity for myself (actual feeling); to use TV programs and TV commercials, 'newspaper', and 'Internet' to send out information. (There is, however, an issue of the budget. When the budget is abundant, TV programs and TV commercials can be used, whereas in case of smaller budget, 'Internet' may be a better choice.); when an event is organized by a single corporation, the event should be held in series and not as a one-time event, as the participants become only conscious of the organizer after the initial participation; if the awareness enhancement through continued participation is intended, the content should include workshops (performance)
{"title":"Strategies for Enhancing Environmental Communication that Targets Education and Encourages Activism","authors":"Y. Mayuzumi, I. Choh","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619173","url":null,"abstract":"There seems to exist two general ways that Environmental Communication (EC) is understood in Japan today. One can be called Basic Style, whose main function is the disclosure of information, and the other is Developed Style, where edifying social activities are the main method. This report will not pursue issues related to the Basic Style of EC, but rather will focus on proposing strategies in the Developed Style of EC. One way to approach this is to propose a scenario for a project highly effective in prompting environmental action, by way of extracting the characteristics of collaborative projects that were successful, analyzing and demonstrating its effectiveness, and then applying what has been learned and understood into the corporate-driven Developed Style EC. Based on this study, the following factors be incorporated into the planning of Developed Style EC activities: events with workshops (performance) or entertaining events should be given priority; the content of the event should give participants a stronger sense that they want to have fun time and that the participation is a necessity for myself (actual feeling); to use TV programs and TV commercials, 'newspaper', and 'Internet' to send out information. (There is, however, an issue of the budget. When the budget is abundant, TV programs and TV commercials can be used, whereas in case of smaller budget, 'Internet' may be a better choice.); when an event is organized by a single corporation, the event should be held in series and not as a one-time event, as the participants become only conscious of the organizer after the initial participation; if the awareness enhancement through continued participation is intended, the content should include workshops (performance)","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121212125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619316
S. Hansen, J. Grossmann, E. Abele, H. Birkhofer
This paper presents the approach and first results of the project "EuP-Implementation", which started in January 2005 as a co-operation of the Technical University of Darmstadt and the Hilti Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (hereafter Hilti). The key goal of this project is the integration of ecodesign methods into the general development process based on the prospective investigation of the potential impact of the EuP-Directive on the company. This paper introduces the reader to this far reaching directive and to the project, which acts as a case study for the practical implications of the directive. An analysis of several typical products serving as example helps to determine the state of the art regarding the likely requirements of the directive in order to identify measures necessary to be taken. The analysis is conducted with various simplified LCA methods, namely Cumulated Energy Demand (KEA), Eco-indicator '99 (EI'99) and the Eco-design of EuP methodology (MEEuP). The aim is twofold: 1. the use of various methods provides an insight in the expressiveness of the results (i.e. whether the results of different methods point to the same direction), 2. it is an opportunity to test the methods on applicability, user-friendliness, quality etc. in order to choose the most suitable method for further analyses throughout the project.
{"title":"The Directive on Energy using Products — an Approach for an Efficient Implementation in Industry","authors":"S. Hansen, J. Grossmann, E. Abele, H. Birkhofer","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619316","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the approach and first results of the project \"EuP-Implementation\", which started in January 2005 as a co-operation of the Technical University of Darmstadt and the Hilti Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (hereafter Hilti). The key goal of this project is the integration of ecodesign methods into the general development process based on the prospective investigation of the potential impact of the EuP-Directive on the company. This paper introduces the reader to this far reaching directive and to the project, which acts as a case study for the practical implications of the directive. An analysis of several typical products serving as example helps to determine the state of the art regarding the likely requirements of the directive in order to identify measures necessary to be taken. The analysis is conducted with various simplified LCA methods, namely Cumulated Energy Demand (KEA), Eco-indicator '99 (EI'99) and the Eco-design of EuP methodology (MEEuP). The aim is twofold: 1. the use of various methods provides an insight in the expressiveness of the results (i.e. whether the results of different methods point to the same direction), 2. it is an opportunity to test the methods on applicability, user-friendliness, quality etc. in order to choose the most suitable method for further analyses throughout the project.","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129142783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619238
H. Komoto, T. Tomiyama, M. Nagel, S. Silvester, H. Brezet
The paper proposes a method to examine multi-objective reconfigurability of an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) supply chain to flexibly adopt dynamically changing environmental restrictions and market situations. A discrete event simulation technique is applied to evaluate economic, environmental and delivery performance of a supply chain. Multiple-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) enables us to refine optimal reconfiguration rules from a large number of alternatives available in operational level. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to evaluate reconfigurability to cope with growing environmental restrictions, while considering side effects on economic and delivery performance due to the reconfiguration
{"title":"A Multi-Objective Reconfiguration Method of Supply Chains through Discrete Event Simulation","authors":"H. Komoto, T. Tomiyama, M. Nagel, S. Silvester, H. Brezet","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619238","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a method to examine multi-objective reconfigurability of an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) supply chain to flexibly adopt dynamically changing environmental restrictions and market situations. A discrete event simulation technique is applied to evaluate economic, environmental and delivery performance of a supply chain. Multiple-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) enables us to refine optimal reconfiguration rules from a large number of alternatives available in operational level. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to evaluate reconfigurability to cope with growing environmental restrictions, while considering side effects on economic and delivery performance due to the reconfiguration","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128532987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619187
S. Yagi, M. Furuhashi, Y. Inagaki, Y. Yamagiwa, T. Susuki, K. Marutami
Focussing attention on (acrylonitride-butadiene-styrene) ABS resin which is used abundantly for home electric appliances, devised the design guideline to ease recycling and evaluated the superiority of recycled ABS in terms of CO2 emissions by performing the LCI analysis
{"title":"The LCI analysis for the material design guideline to promote the ABS recycling","authors":"S. Yagi, M. Furuhashi, Y. Inagaki, Y. Yamagiwa, T. Susuki, K. Marutami","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619187","url":null,"abstract":"Focussing attention on (acrylonitride-butadiene-styrene) ABS resin which is used abundantly for home electric appliances, devised the design guideline to ease recycling and evaluated the superiority of recycled ABS in terms of CO2 emissions by performing the LCI analysis","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128794633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619225
A. Mestre, J. Diehl
The amount of (consumer) products that consume electricity is still increasing rapidly. Emerging technologies in the field of renewable energy, such as small fuel cells, flexible photo-voltaic solar cells and human power are promising new solutions for sustainable energy sources. As renewable energy sources develop and become smaller and more flexible, possibilities of integrating them into the product design have emerged. However, until recently, renewable energy technologies have been more or less "pasted" upon the products instead of being integrated into the design of the product. It is a big challenge to find the appropriate products or functions for these new technologies and to integrate them into the total design of the product. One of the challenges will be to select those products where the renewable energy technologies can create an added value for the user and for sustainability goals. This is for example the utilization of a high energy density of fuel cells for portable products and the creation of independence of the electricity grid. The paper will present directions and design guidelines for the integration of renewable energy technologies into products
{"title":"Ecodesign and Renewable Energy: How to Integrate Renewable Energy Technologies into Consumer Products","authors":"A. Mestre, J. Diehl","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619225","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of (consumer) products that consume electricity is still increasing rapidly. Emerging technologies in the field of renewable energy, such as small fuel cells, flexible photo-voltaic solar cells and human power are promising new solutions for sustainable energy sources. As renewable energy sources develop and become smaller and more flexible, possibilities of integrating them into the product design have emerged. However, until recently, renewable energy technologies have been more or less \"pasted\" upon the products instead of being integrated into the design of the product. It is a big challenge to find the appropriate products or functions for these new technologies and to integrate them into the total design of the product. One of the challenges will be to select those products where the renewable energy technologies can create an added value for the user and for sustainability goals. This is for example the utilization of a high energy density of fuel cells for portable products and the creation of independence of the electricity grid. The paper will present directions and design guidelines for the integration of renewable energy technologies into products","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129242231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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