Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619280
K. Kunita
Amino acids are produced 2.4 million ton per year all over the world. The Ajinomoto Group produces them mainly from sugars or starches through fermentation process and a large amount of organic by-products are also produced. The Ajinomoto Group has established system of so called "Bio-Cycle" to make use of these organic byproducts for sustainable amino acid production. These by-products are returned to farms mainly as fertilizer. This recycle system of fertilizer can save not only chemical fertilizer but also the energy and CO2 generation for chemical fertilizer production. Ajinomoto Group takes care of not only main products but also by-products with technical service, quality control to meet customer's satisfaction and environment preservation
{"title":"\"Bio-Cycle\" system of AJINOMOTO Group Environmentally-conscious production process of amino acids","authors":"K. Kunita","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619280","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acids are produced 2.4 million ton per year all over the world. The Ajinomoto Group produces them mainly from sugars or starches through fermentation process and a large amount of organic by-products are also produced. The Ajinomoto Group has established system of so called \"Bio-Cycle\" to make use of these organic byproducts for sustainable amino acid production. These by-products are returned to farms mainly as fertilizer. This recycle system of fertilizer can save not only chemical fertilizer but also the energy and CO2 generation for chemical fertilizer production. Ajinomoto Group takes care of not only main products but also by-products with technical service, quality control to meet customer's satisfaction and environment preservation","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127556168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619217
K. Hashimoto, T. Taura
For the formation of a sustainable society, focus is on "the possibility of reducing environmental load in the future ", which is inherent to artifacts, and propose a method by which concretely evaluate the possible future use of artifacts. Focus is on the general idea of "Latent Function " that is, the function of an artifact that becomes evident under different circumstance. In this research, focused on the prediction ability that people possess and devised a method of evaluating the future possibilities of artifacts by a questionnaire survey. Drink containers and chairs were the examples applied to verify the validity of this method
{"title":"A Method of Evaluating Artifacts' Possibility for Sustainable Society","authors":"K. Hashimoto, T. Taura","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619217","url":null,"abstract":"For the formation of a sustainable society, focus is on \"the possibility of reducing environmental load in the future \", which is inherent to artifacts, and propose a method by which concretely evaluate the possible future use of artifacts. Focus is on the general idea of \"Latent Function \" that is, the function of an artifact that becomes evident under different circumstance. In this research, focused on the prediction ability that people possess and devised a method of evaluating the future possibilities of artifacts by a questionnaire survey. Drink containers and chairs were the examples applied to verify the validity of this method","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114028726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619357
J. Naka, N. Hirano, H. Kurokawa, J. Kobayashi, Y. Kawashima
By Directive on RoHS, the use of six hazardous substances is restricted to new electrical and electronic equipment put on the market in Europe from 1 July 2006. The estimation of the type and the content of brominated flame retardants is necessary in plastics of the equipment and the parts. The new technique by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is proposed for rapid screening test of these substances. We named this technique one droplet extraction method. The sampling method of brominated flame retardants in plastic materials with toluene on silver substrate was investigated for analysis of trace organic compounds by TOF-SIMS. High impact polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) plates were prepared as evaluation samples containing decabromodiphenylether (DeBDE) of 0.01-10 wt%. Evaluation time that includes sample pretreatment time and measurement time was about 1 hour. The positive quasi-molecular ion (DeBDE+Ag)+ (DeBDE cationized with Ag) was suitable for estimation of DeBDE. It was proved that content and spectral intensity had the clear magnitude correlation within 0.01-10 wt% content of DeBDE. It was found that the quick decision of whether the brominated flame retardants in the plastics is the substance restricted or not by Directive on RoHS is possible by this method. We can screen the substances in wide range of content of 0.01-10 wt%. Also it was found that the quick decision of whether hexavalent chromium is present in metals is possible by an application of this method. It was confirmed that one droplet extraction method using TOF-SIMS is a very powerful technique for the rapid screening test of brominated flame retardants and Cr (VI). It can be expected that hazardous substance management that concerns Directive on RoHS becomes more reliable
{"title":"Rapid Screening Method for Brominated Flame Retardants and Hexavalent Chromium by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)","authors":"J. Naka, N. Hirano, H. Kurokawa, J. Kobayashi, Y. Kawashima","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619357","url":null,"abstract":"By Directive on RoHS, the use of six hazardous substances is restricted to new electrical and electronic equipment put on the market in Europe from 1 July 2006. The estimation of the type and the content of brominated flame retardants is necessary in plastics of the equipment and the parts. The new technique by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is proposed for rapid screening test of these substances. We named this technique one droplet extraction method. The sampling method of brominated flame retardants in plastic materials with toluene on silver substrate was investigated for analysis of trace organic compounds by TOF-SIMS. High impact polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) plates were prepared as evaluation samples containing decabromodiphenylether (DeBDE) of 0.01-10 wt%. Evaluation time that includes sample pretreatment time and measurement time was about 1 hour. The positive quasi-molecular ion (DeBDE+Ag)+ (DeBDE cationized with Ag) was suitable for estimation of DeBDE. It was proved that content and spectral intensity had the clear magnitude correlation within 0.01-10 wt% content of DeBDE. It was found that the quick decision of whether the brominated flame retardants in the plastics is the substance restricted or not by Directive on RoHS is possible by this method. We can screen the substances in wide range of content of 0.01-10 wt%. Also it was found that the quick decision of whether hexavalent chromium is present in metals is possible by an application of this method. It was confirmed that one droplet extraction method using TOF-SIMS is a very powerful technique for the rapid screening test of brominated flame retardants and Cr (VI). It can be expected that hazardous substance management that concerns Directive on RoHS becomes more reliable","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133299411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619200
E. Santos, P. Ferrão
The present study assesses on the role of ecodesign strategies to promote improvements in life cycle environmental performance of electrical and electronic equipment. Through the use of a simplified LCA (life cycle assessment) methodology, the life cycle environmental impacts of mobile phone equipments of successive product generations from one manufacturer were determined. LCA results have demonstrated that improvements in general product environmental performance can be obtained, although in some specific environmental impact categories, such improvements were limited. With the newly implemented WEEE management system in Portugal, the study on DfR (design for recycling) and DfD (design for disassembly) strategies has showed that DfR's potential for product environmental performance enhancement is limited, as recycling is still not very efficient and is dependent on multiple operations that have environmental impacts themselves. DfD, on the other hand, has proved to be an important strategy in reducing life cycle environmental impacts if it manages to promote product/component reuse
{"title":"DfR and DfD Applied to Electrical and Electronic Equipments Resulting Environmental Life Cycle Performance - A Case Study for Portugal","authors":"E. Santos, P. Ferrão","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619200","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assesses on the role of ecodesign strategies to promote improvements in life cycle environmental performance of electrical and electronic equipment. Through the use of a simplified LCA (life cycle assessment) methodology, the life cycle environmental impacts of mobile phone equipments of successive product generations from one manufacturer were determined. LCA results have demonstrated that improvements in general product environmental performance can be obtained, although in some specific environmental impact categories, such improvements were limited. With the newly implemented WEEE management system in Portugal, the study on DfR (design for recycling) and DfD (design for disassembly) strategies has showed that DfR's potential for product environmental performance enhancement is limited, as recycling is still not very efficient and is dependent on multiple operations that have environmental impacts themselves. DfD, on the other hand, has proved to be an important strategy in reducing life cycle environmental impacts if it manages to promote product/component reuse","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133480010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619354
O. Pascual, A. Stevels
Performance measurement is a fast evolving and diverse research field which features highly on the agenda of academics and practitioners from functions including management, accounting, marketing, and human resources. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of business and environmental performance from both literature and field observations. As a result, two ecodesign operationalization strategies are being identified based in the use of performance measurements. The authors propose a performance index known as Ecovalue that is not only aiming to reduce environmental load of products, but also its consumption.
{"title":"Ecodesign Operationalization and Company Performance in Electronics Industry","authors":"O. Pascual, A. Stevels","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619354","url":null,"abstract":"Performance measurement is a fast evolving and diverse research field which features highly on the agenda of academics and practitioners from functions including management, accounting, marketing, and human resources. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of business and environmental performance from both literature and field observations. As a result, two ecodesign operationalization strategies are being identified based in the use of performance measurements. The authors propose a performance index known as Ecovalue that is not only aiming to reduce environmental load of products, but also its consumption.","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134298360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619172
J. Diehl
Since the beginning of the 90's Ecodesign Education and Knowledge has been built up based upon Ecodesign methodology developments and experiences in education and in practice in demonstration projects. During the end of the 90's first attempts took place to transfer the created Ecodesign education and knowledge from Europe to other parts of the world like Central & Latin America, India and Africa. Because of the differences in economical, social and cultural contexts the European Ecodesign approaches had to be adapted to the local situations in order to become effective and successful. Based upon these experiences we came to the conclusion that in order to transfer Ecodesign knowledge in an effective way to the local receivers (students, consultants, professionals), the specific background and characteristics of the receiver and the local context should be taken (more) into consideration
{"title":"Ecodesign Knowledge Transfer: How to take the Economical and Cultural Context of the Receiver into Consideration","authors":"J. Diehl","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619172","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the 90's Ecodesign Education and Knowledge has been built up based upon Ecodesign methodology developments and experiences in education and in practice in demonstration projects. During the end of the 90's first attempts took place to transfer the created Ecodesign education and knowledge from Europe to other parts of the world like Central & Latin America, India and Africa. Because of the differences in economical, social and cultural contexts the European Ecodesign approaches had to be adapted to the local situations in order to become effective and successful. Based upon these experiences we came to the conclusion that in order to transfer Ecodesign knowledge in an effective way to the local receivers (students, consultants, professionals), the specific background and characteristics of the receiver and the local context should be taken (more) into consideration","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619158
A. Legnani
The activity of environmental standardization in Cenelec, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, is very important and active. Starting several years ago (1995) with the Task Force BTTF 85-3 that monitorized the environmental matters related to the standardization in electronic and electrotechnical field (to minimising any detrimental impact of electrotechnical activities on the natural environment), is followed from the end of 2004 by the Technical Committee TC 111X "Environment", with the main task of prepare the necessary standards framework and co-ordinate the development, in co-operation with other CENELEC Technical Bodies, or when necessary produce the needed standards documents (guides, basic and horizontal standards, including technical reports), in particular when requested (with a Mandate) by the European Commission in relation to an European Directive on environmental matters.
{"title":"The Standardization of EcoDesign in EU The work of CENELEC TC 111X \"Environment\" and the program of standardisation work in the field of eco-design of Energy-using Products (EuP)","authors":"A. Legnani","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619158","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of environmental standardization in Cenelec, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, is very important and active. Starting several years ago (1995) with the Task Force BTTF 85-3 that monitorized the environmental matters related to the standardization in electronic and electrotechnical field (to minimising any detrimental impact of electrotechnical activities on the natural environment), is followed from the end of 2004 by the Technical Committee TC 111X \"Environment\", with the main task of prepare the necessary standards framework and co-ordinate the development, in co-operation with other CENELEC Technical Bodies, or when necessary produce the needed standards documents (guides, basic and horizontal standards, including technical reports), in particular when requested (with a Mandate) by the European Commission in relation to an European Directive on environmental matters.","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125248939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619273
R. Meissen, P. Eagan
Large companies, especially with a multinational presence, are increasingly challenged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to climate change in response to societal concerns, investor pressures and growing national GHG reduction regulations. Organizations can choose from a wide spectrum of GHG reduction options but may struggle to achieve GHG reduction targets. The authors discuss one approach, which can better align GHG reduction activities with the companies' business strategy, and offer one specific example. This alignment in a strategically focused organization is enhanced by using Balanced Scorecards and Strategy Maps to focus on priority areas, which together can be synergistic for the business and reduce absolute GHG emissions
{"title":"Alignment of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Activities with Business Strategy","authors":"R. Meissen, P. Eagan","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619273","url":null,"abstract":"Large companies, especially with a multinational presence, are increasingly challenged to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contributing to climate change in response to societal concerns, investor pressures and growing national GHG reduction regulations. Organizations can choose from a wide spectrum of GHG reduction options but may struggle to achieve GHG reduction targets. The authors discuss one approach, which can better align GHG reduction activities with the companies' business strategy, and offer one specific example. This alignment in a strategically focused organization is enhanced by using Balanced Scorecards and Strategy Maps to focus on priority areas, which together can be synergistic for the business and reduce absolute GHG emissions","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134065230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619214
Julian Maruschke, B. Rosemann
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a worldwide-established tool for the evaluation of environmental sustainability. Although LCA-methods have been developed and improved, it is still difficult to interpret the results correctly. Just like the holistic consideration of the product system during the inventory analysis, results of the impact assessment have to be analysed from different points of view. Actual studies show that general assertions have to be scrutinized. To understand the correlations of a product's environmental performance every life cycle stage has to be submitted to a careful examination
{"title":"Measuring Environmental Performance in the Early Phases of Product Design Using Life Cycle Assessment","authors":"Julian Maruschke, B. Rosemann","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619214","url":null,"abstract":"Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a worldwide-established tool for the evaluation of environmental sustainability. Although LCA-methods have been developed and improved, it is still difficult to interpret the results correctly. Just like the holistic consideration of the product system during the inventory analysis, results of the impact assessment have to be analysed from different points of view. Actual studies show that general assertions have to be scrutinized. To understand the correlations of a product's environmental performance every life cycle stage has to be submitted to a careful examination","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132562256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-12DOI: 10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619372
E. Ueda
This paper introduces four concepts of products developed by the author for a possible sustainable consumption scenarios. The proposal designs are refereed to transportation, interior-exterior lighting and home appliances fields. This paper includes description and details of possible product designs concepts for a sustainable consumption, where the proposal designs are illustrated. The proposed concepts are called "Solar-Cycle", "Adhesive Lighting", "Recycle-Receive FM" and "Ecological Vacuum Cleaner".
{"title":"Designing Concept of Products for a Sustainable Consumption (3): An Introduction","authors":"E. Ueda","doi":"10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECODIM.2005.1619372","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces four concepts of products developed by the author for a possible sustainable consumption scenarios. The proposal designs are refereed to transportation, interior-exterior lighting and home appliances fields. This paper includes description and details of possible product designs concepts for a sustainable consumption, where the proposal designs are illustrated. The proposed concepts are called \"Solar-Cycle\", \"Adhesive Lighting\", \"Recycle-Receive FM\" and \"Ecological Vacuum Cleaner\".","PeriodicalId":383623,"journal":{"name":"2005 4th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132552503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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