Márcia Ferreira Cristaldo, C. Souza, L. D. Jesus, Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira, C. Padovani, H. H. G. Viganó
O monitoramento para a previsão de cheias de pequenas bacias hidrográficas é de grande importância tendo em vista a relação dos recursos hídricos com a sociedade, pois pode garantir o uso sustentável às comunidades urbanas de cidades lindeiras à bacia. O rio Aquidauana está inserido na planície Pantaneira sendo considerado vulnerável à inundações, no entanto, falta de um sistema eficiente para previsões de cheias e inundações. Assim, este estudo propõe um sistema de previsão probalística de enchentes para a bacia do Rio Aquidauana. Para tanto foram utilizadas as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) do tipo MultiLayer Perceptron (treinamento back-propagation) com parâmetros otimizados pelos Algoritmos Genéticos. A RNA foi treinada e avaliada com base em dados de chuva acumulada (mm) e nível de rio (cm) à montante entre os anos de 1995 a 2014. A previsão realizada foi de 1 a 5 dias, tendo como melhor desempenho o modelo para 1 dia de previsão, com resultado de coeficiente de determinação e erro quadrático médio de 0,93 e 30 (cm), respectivamente.
{"title":"Previsão probabilística de enchentes para uma pequena bacia hidrográfica do Pantanal","authors":"Márcia Ferreira Cristaldo, C. Souza, L. D. Jesus, Paulo Tarso Sanches de Oliveira, C. Padovani, H. H. G. Viganó","doi":"10.4136/ambi-agua.1988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1988","url":null,"abstract":"O monitoramento para a previsão de cheias de pequenas bacias hidrográficas é de grande importância tendo em vista a relação dos recursos hídricos com a sociedade, pois pode garantir o uso sustentável às comunidades urbanas de cidades lindeiras à bacia. O rio Aquidauana está inserido na planície Pantaneira sendo considerado vulnerável à inundações, no entanto, falta de um sistema eficiente para previsões de cheias e inundações. Assim, este estudo propõe um sistema de previsão probalística de enchentes para a bacia do Rio Aquidauana. Para tanto foram utilizadas as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) do tipo MultiLayer Perceptron (treinamento back-propagation) com parâmetros otimizados pelos Algoritmos Genéticos. A RNA foi treinada e avaliada com base em dados de chuva acumulada (mm) e nível de rio (cm) à montante entre os anos de 1995 a 2014. A previsão realizada foi de 1 a 5 dias, tendo como melhor desempenho o modelo para 1 dia de previsão, com resultado de coeficiente de determinação e erro quadrático médio de 0,93 e 30 (cm), respectivamente.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/ambi-agua.1988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasha Berendonk Handam, José Augusto Albuquerque Dos Santos, Antonio Henrique Almeida de Moraes Neto, A. Duarte, É. D. L. Alves, Maria José Salles, Adriana Sotero-Martins
Sanitation actions are rare in the communities of Manguinhos, so evaluation of the sanitary conditions of the river waters and the peridomestic soils of the communities allows the diagnosis of the risk of contamination. This study evaluated coliform levels (total coliforms and Escherichia coli ) by the filter membrane method, and parasitological (by adapted Lutz and Baermann-Moraes methods) in the waters and soils of the Faria-Timbo, Jacare and Canal do Cunha Rivers that pass through the communities of the Territory of Manguinhos, RJ, according to the standards established in Brazilian legislation. In all points of the rivers, the water was unfit, with an average level of Escherichia coli 3,800 times higher than that standardized in CONAMA Resolution No. 274/2000. Larvae, helminths eggs and protozoan oocysts were observed. Soil samples were also unfit, with mean total coliform level 77,000 times higher than that considered acceptable by SMAC Resolution 468/2010. The Escherichia coli average level was 53,000 times higher than that permitted by the legislation. However, helminths eggs were found in only one soil sample. It was concluded that the lack of sanitation in this locality results in the high coliform and parasitological levels of the river waters and in the peridomestic soils, and that immediate modifications are needed to the Brazilian environmental paradigm, which uses its water bodies as sewage disposal ditches.
{"title":"Sanitary quality of the rivers in the Communities of Manguinhos´ Territory, Rio de Janeiro, RJ","authors":"Natasha Berendonk Handam, José Augusto Albuquerque Dos Santos, Antonio Henrique Almeida de Moraes Neto, A. Duarte, É. D. L. Alves, Maria José Salles, Adriana Sotero-Martins","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2125","url":null,"abstract":"Sanitation actions are rare in the communities of Manguinhos, so evaluation of the sanitary conditions of the river waters and the peridomestic soils of the communities allows the diagnosis of the risk of contamination. This study evaluated coliform levels (total coliforms and Escherichia coli ) by the filter membrane method, and parasitological (by adapted Lutz and Baermann-Moraes methods) in the waters and soils of the Faria-Timbo, Jacare and Canal do Cunha Rivers that pass through the communities of the Territory of Manguinhos, RJ, according to the standards established in Brazilian legislation. In all points of the rivers, the water was unfit, with an average level of Escherichia coli 3,800 times higher than that standardized in CONAMA Resolution No. 274/2000. Larvae, helminths eggs and protozoan oocysts were observed. Soil samples were also unfit, with mean total coliform level 77,000 times higher than that considered acceptable by SMAC Resolution 468/2010. The Escherichia coli average level was 53,000 times higher than that permitted by the legislation. However, helminths eggs were found in only one soil sample. It was concluded that the lack of sanitation in this locality results in the high coliform and parasitological levels of the river waters and in the peridomestic soils, and that immediate modifications are needed to the Brazilian environmental paradigm, which uses its water bodies as sewage disposal ditches.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"513 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fraga, E. M. Uliana, D. D. Silva, F. B. Campos, M. Calijuri, Diego Magalhães de Souza Santos
The rapid expansion of eucalyptus cultivation necessitates studies that can identify areas amenable to the planting and development of its different varieties. This study therefore aimed to verify the suitability of two varieties of eucalyptus in the state of Espirito Santo, using Geographic Information Systems supported by strategic decision analysis. Mean precipitation, mean temperature, hydric deficit and land slope data were used as decision factors. These factors were submitted to fuzzy standardization, aggregated and compensated by the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) process, resulting in the final aptitude mapping. For the reconciliation of conflict areas between the varieties, the Multi-objective Land Allocation (MOLA) module was used to maximize the suitability of the land for the objective. The WLC analysis allowed us to identify the suitability of the areas and with the use of the MOLA module it was possible to resolve the conflict of suitability between the two eucalyptus varieties. Most of the state of Espirito Santo is highly suitable for the the development of varieties. The northwestern region and part of the northern region presented less suitability for both analyzed eucalyptus varieties. Considering the 10,000 km 2 most adaptable area for eucalyptus cultivation in the state of Espirito Santo, it was verified that the most suitable areas for planting the two eucalyptus varieties are located in the mountainous regions, part of the southern region and near the northeastern coast.
{"title":"Climatic zoning for eucalyptus cultivation through strategic decision analysis","authors":"M. Fraga, E. M. Uliana, D. D. Silva, F. B. Campos, M. Calijuri, Diego Magalhães de Souza Santos","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2119","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of eucalyptus cultivation necessitates studies that can identify areas amenable to the planting and development of its different varieties. This study therefore aimed to verify the suitability of two varieties of eucalyptus in the state of Espirito Santo, using Geographic Information Systems supported by strategic decision analysis. Mean precipitation, mean temperature, hydric deficit and land slope data were used as decision factors. These factors were submitted to fuzzy standardization, aggregated and compensated by the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) process, resulting in the final aptitude mapping. For the reconciliation of conflict areas between the varieties, the Multi-objective Land Allocation (MOLA) module was used to maximize the suitability of the land for the objective. The WLC analysis allowed us to identify the suitability of the areas and with the use of the MOLA module it was possible to resolve the conflict of suitability between the two eucalyptus varieties. Most of the state of Espirito Santo is highly suitable for the the development of varieties. The northwestern region and part of the northern region presented less suitability for both analyzed eucalyptus varieties. Considering the 10,000 km 2 most adaptable area for eucalyptus cultivation in the state of Espirito Santo, it was verified that the most suitable areas for planting the two eucalyptus varieties are located in the mountainous regions, part of the southern region and near the northeastern coast.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira, R. Vargas, A. R. Saad, R. O. M. Arruda, F. B. Dalmas, F. Azevedo
The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of Sao Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis ( E. coli ) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQI M ) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli , followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.
{"title":"Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP)","authors":"Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira, R. Vargas, A. R. Saad, R. O. M. Arruda, F. B. Dalmas, F. Azevedo","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2131","url":null,"abstract":"The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of Sao Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis ( E. coli ) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQI M ) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli , followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70667148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Access to potable water is absolutely essential to the maintenance of life, as well as to provide regular exercise of other human rights. The lack of access to water in sufficient quantity or access to non-potable water may cause serious and irreparable damage to people. This paper investigates the evolution of international and national recognition of this fundamental human right, whether implicit or explicit. This was accomplished by the study of international human rights treaties, bibliographic information on water resources and their corresponding legal systems, national and international. The results suggest that sustainable access to drinking water is a fundamental human right in the context of international relations and the State. Further, even without explicitly stating this right in the Constitution of 1988, Brazil has incorporated the main international provisions on the subject, but this right must be acknowledged according to the principles of non-typical fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person. This right should be universally guaranteed by the Government in sufficient quantity and quality, regardless of the economic resources of individuals.
{"title":"Sustainable access to safe drinking water: fundamental human right in the international and national scene","authors":"Celso Maran de Oliveira","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2037","url":null,"abstract":"Access to potable water is absolutely essential to the maintenance of life, as well as to provide regular exercise of other human rights. The lack of access to water in sufficient quantity or access to non-potable water may cause serious and irreparable damage to people. This paper investigates the evolution of international and national recognition of this fundamental human right, whether implicit or explicit. This was accomplished by the study of international human rights treaties, bibliographic information on water resources and their corresponding legal systems, national and international. The results suggest that sustainable access to drinking water is a fundamental human right in the context of international relations and the State. Further, even without explicitly stating this right in the Constitution of 1988, Brazil has incorporated the main international provisions on the subject, but this right must be acknowledged according to the principles of non-typical fundamental rights and the dignity of the human person. This right should be universally guaranteed by the Government in sufficient quantity and quality, regardless of the economic resources of individuals.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"12 1","pages":"985-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauro Giovanni Miglioli, Jessica Geremias Zuanazzi, J. D. Silva, R. M. Franco, Juliane Araújo Greinert-Goulart
Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. sao agentes etiologicos responsaveis por uma serie de epidemias de gastroenterites ocorridas, principalmente, apos o consumo de agua contaminada. Os cistos e oocistos destes protozoarios sao resistentes as variacoes ambientais, bem como a maioria dos processos fisicos, quimicos e microbiologicos utilizados nas estacoes de tratamento de agua e esgoto. Deste modo, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar e avaliar a remocao de cistos de Giardia spp . e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. no sistema de tratamento combinado anaerobio + aerobio da ETE Garcia em Blumenau, SC. Para efetuar a deteccao de cistos e oocistos, as amostras de efluentes e lodos provenientes da ETE foram concentradas atraves de filtracao em membranas de esteres de celulose e centrifugacao, seguida por reacao de imunofluorescencia direta (RID) utilizando o Kit diagnostico - MerifluorO. Para a obtencao dos parâmetros fisicos, quimicos e microbiologicos, as analises seguiram os padroes preconizados em APHA (2012). Concentracoes elevadas de cistos de Giardia spp. (max. 900.000 cistos L -1 ) foram detectadas em 83,3% dos pontos analisados. Oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. tambem foram detectados em elevadas concentracoes (max. 300.000 oocistos L -1 ) em 66,6% dos pontos analisados. Nao foram detectados cistos e oocistos nas amostras do efluente tratado, deste modo o sistema combinado da ETE Garcia apresentou uma eficiencia >99,9% para a remocao das formas resistentes destes patogenos, contribuindo para a reducao da contaminacao ambiental por protozoarios patogenicos presentes no esgoto domestico do municipio de Blumenau, SC, Brasil.
贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫是引起肠胃炎流行的病原，主要发生在饮用受污染的水后。这些原生动物的囊肿和卵囊对环境变化以及水和污水处理厂使用的大多数物理、化学和微生物过程具有抗性。因此，本研究旨在检测和评价贾第鞭毛虫囊肿的移动。联合治疗的和系统的隐孢子虫虫害oocistos anaerobio + aerobio研加西亚的城市,SC的呈现deteccao囊肿和oocistos废水和废水样品的比通过filtracao主要集中在膜的纤维素酯和centrifugacao, followed by imunofluorescencia直接反应诊断- MerifluorO工具包(RID)使用。为了获得物理、化学和微生物参数，分析遵循APHA(2012)推荐的标准。贾第鞭毛虫囊肿浓度高(最高。83.3%的分析点检测到90万个囊肿(L -1)。隐孢子虫卵囊也检测到高浓度(最大值)。30万个卵囊L -1)在66.6%的分析点。样本中不被发现囊肿,oocistos废水处理,这样的系统适用于加西亚手上有99效率> 9%的remocao这些耐药形式patogenos contaminacao环境,有助于减少protozoarios patogenicos目前国内污水的SC,巴西塞尔的城市。
{"title":"Remoção de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. na Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Garcia, no município de Blumenau, SC, Brasil","authors":"Mauro Giovanni Miglioli, Jessica Geremias Zuanazzi, J. D. Silva, R. M. Franco, Juliane Araújo Greinert-Goulart","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2028","url":null,"abstract":"Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. sao agentes etiologicos responsaveis por uma serie de epidemias de gastroenterites ocorridas, principalmente, apos o consumo de agua contaminada. Os cistos e oocistos destes protozoarios sao resistentes as variacoes ambientais, bem como a maioria dos processos fisicos, quimicos e microbiologicos utilizados nas estacoes de tratamento de agua e esgoto. Deste modo, este estudo teve como objetivo detectar e avaliar a remocao de cistos de Giardia spp . e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. no sistema de tratamento combinado anaerobio + aerobio da ETE Garcia em Blumenau, SC. Para efetuar a deteccao de cistos e oocistos, as amostras de efluentes e lodos provenientes da ETE foram concentradas atraves de filtracao em membranas de esteres de celulose e centrifugacao, seguida por reacao de imunofluorescencia direta (RID) utilizando o Kit diagnostico - MerifluorO. Para a obtencao dos parâmetros fisicos, quimicos e microbiologicos, as analises seguiram os padroes preconizados em APHA (2012). Concentracoes elevadas de cistos de Giardia spp. (max. 900.000 cistos L -1 ) foram detectadas em 83,3% dos pontos analisados. Oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. tambem foram detectados em elevadas concentracoes (max. 300.000 oocistos L -1 ) em 66,6% dos pontos analisados. Nao foram detectados cistos e oocistos nas amostras do efluente tratado, deste modo o sistema combinado da ETE Garcia apresentou uma eficiencia >99,9% para a remocao das formas resistentes destes patogenos, contribuindo para a reducao da contaminacao ambiental por protozoarios patogenicos presentes no esgoto domestico do municipio de Blumenau, SC, Brasil.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"12 1","pages":"1001-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Elizabeth Jarrín, José Gabriel Salazar, Miguel Martínez-Fresneda Mestre
El agua subterranea es una de las principales fuentes de abastecimiento para los habitantes de las parroquias de Limoncocha y de Pompeya, ubicadas en la Amazonia ecuatoriana donde, ademas, se encuentra la Reserva Biologica Limoncocha (RBL) y su area de influencia (AI), cuyo ecosistema subterraneo recibe un aporte de agua proveniente de flujos externos a su limite. Tradicionalmente, el agua subterranea ha sido considerada protegida por el subsuelo, sin embargo, la disposicion de contaminantes estables en zonas de infiltracion favorable, podria causar que este recurso se contamine, poniendo en riesgo la salud de la poblacion y la sostenibilidad de la reserva. Por ello, se propuso evaluar el peligro de contaminacion del agua subterranea de dicha reserva, a traves de la superposicion de un mapa de vulnerabilidad del acuifero aplicando el metodo GODS, con un inventario de cargas contaminantes usando el metodo POSH y en funcion a esto, priorizar medidas en la proteccion de este recurso. Se determino que, en la mayor parte del area de estudio, no existe peligro de contaminacion del agua subterranea, no obstante, tambien se encontraron zonas de moderado y alto peligro para las que se propusieron medidas para prevenir el deterioro de la calidad del agua subterranea.
{"title":"Evaluación del riesgo a la contaminación de los acuíferos de la Reserva Biológica de Limoncocha, Amazonía Ecuatoriana","authors":"Andrea Elizabeth Jarrín, José Gabriel Salazar, Miguel Martínez-Fresneda Mestre","doi":"10.4136/ambi-agua.2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2030","url":null,"abstract":"El agua subterranea es una de las principales fuentes de abastecimiento para los habitantes de las parroquias de Limoncocha y de Pompeya, ubicadas en la Amazonia ecuatoriana donde, ademas, se encuentra la Reserva Biologica Limoncocha (RBL) y su area de influencia (AI), cuyo ecosistema subterraneo recibe un aporte de agua proveniente de flujos externos a su limite. Tradicionalmente, el agua subterranea ha sido considerada protegida por el subsuelo, sin embargo, la disposicion de contaminantes estables en zonas de infiltracion favorable, podria causar que este recurso se contamine, poniendo en riesgo la salud de la poblacion y la sostenibilidad de la reserva. Por ello, se propuso evaluar el peligro de contaminacion del agua subterranea de dicha reserva, a traves de la superposicion de un mapa de vulnerabilidad del acuifero aplicando el metodo GODS, con un inventario de cargas contaminantes usando el metodo POSH y en funcion a esto, priorizar medidas en la proteccion de este recurso. Se determino que, en la mayor parte del area de estudio, no existe peligro de contaminacion del agua subterranea, no obstante, tambien se encontraron zonas de moderado y alto peligro para las que se propusieron medidas para prevenir el deterioro de la calidad del agua subterranea.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"12 1","pages":"652-665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/ambi-agua.2030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49305332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Freitas, Cassiano L. Rambo, Francini Franscescon, Antônio Felipe Primon de Barros, Guilherme dos Santos De Lucca, A. Siebel, J. Scapinello, E. M. Lucas, J. D. Magro
This study evaluated water parameters in ponds affected by coal extraction. Allium cepa assay was used to measure genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the sediment. Samples were collected from four ponds in the southern state of Santa Catarina. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured. Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals. Elutriate samples were prepared at a ratio of 1:4 sediment:water. Allium cepa bulbs were placed in samples prepared from each pond, with ultrapure water used as negative control and methyl methane sulfonate as positive control. Root length, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities were measured. The pH of two ponds, as well as electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of all ponds were below the minimum limits set by Brazilian regulation. All heavy metals analyzed were found in all sediment samples, but only Cd concentration was above the legal limit set by Brazilian law. Allium cepa root growth for samples from Ponds 1, 2, and 4 was significantly lower than the negative control. Meristematic cells exposed to elutriate samples showed no significant changes in cell division. There was a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations in all treated samples in comparison with the negative control. This study demonstrates that even low concentrations of heavy metals can damage exposed biota, possibly due to synergistic effects. We also found the A. cepa bioassay to be a simple and useful tool for genotoxicity/mutagenicity analyses, and recommend its use for environmental monitoring and management in areas influenced by mining activities.
{"title":"Coal extraction causes sediment toxicity in aquatic environments in Santa Catarina, Brazil","authors":"L. Freitas, Cassiano L. Rambo, Francini Franscescon, Antônio Felipe Primon de Barros, Guilherme dos Santos De Lucca, A. Siebel, J. Scapinello, E. M. Lucas, J. D. Magro","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2036","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated water parameters in ponds affected by coal extraction. Allium cepa assay was used to measure genotoxicity/mutagenicity of the sediment. Samples were collected from four ponds in the southern state of Santa Catarina. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity were measured. Sediments were analyzed for heavy metals. Elutriate samples were prepared at a ratio of 1:4 sediment:water. Allium cepa bulbs were placed in samples prepared from each pond, with ultrapure water used as negative control and methyl methane sulfonate as positive control. Root length, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and nuclear abnormalities were measured. The pH of two ponds, as well as electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of all ponds were below the minimum limits set by Brazilian regulation. All heavy metals analyzed were found in all sediment samples, but only Cd concentration was above the legal limit set by Brazilian law. Allium cepa root growth for samples from Ponds 1, 2, and 4 was significantly lower than the negative control. Meristematic cells exposed to elutriate samples showed no significant changes in cell division. There was a significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations in all treated samples in comparison with the negative control. This study demonstrates that even low concentrations of heavy metals can damage exposed biota, possibly due to synergistic effects. We also found the A. cepa bioassay to be a simple and useful tool for genotoxicity/mutagenicity analyses, and recommend its use for environmental monitoring and management in areas influenced by mining activities.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"12 1","pages":"591-604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47373434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karinnie Nascimento Almeida, J. Reis, A. A. F. Mendonça
Adequate design of stormwater structures usually depends on peak runoff rates estimated with the aid of rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (i.d.f.) equations. Long and representative historical precipitation series, obtained by pluviographs, are needed for the estimation of i.d.f. equation parameters. However, in many regions there are no pluviographs in operation or continuous rain gauge records obtained by using this kind of equipment are much shorter and less reliable than those obtained by using manual rain gauge equipment. In this context, expeditious methods are needed for obtaining intensity‑duration-frequency equations from daily precipitation records. This study evaluates the performance of the Chow-Gumbel and Bell methods for the establishment of i.d.f. rainfall equations with usual conversion coefficients. The F test of variance, assuming a 95% significance level, was used to compare the empirical methods’ results with those obtained from pluviographic records. Available pluviographic and regular pluviometers data for stations located in Parana, state in Brazil were considered. The results are equivalent for return periods greater than 10 years and for durations greater than 30 minutes.
{"title":"Emprego dos métodos expeditos de Chow Gumbel e Bell para formulação de equações de chuvas intensas - uma avaliação de desempenho","authors":"Karinnie Nascimento Almeida, J. Reis, A. A. F. Mendonça","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2001","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate design of stormwater structures usually depends on peak runoff rates estimated with the aid of rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (i.d.f.) equations. Long and representative historical precipitation series, obtained by pluviographs, are needed for the estimation of i.d.f. equation parameters. However, in many regions there are no pluviographs in operation or continuous rain gauge records obtained by using this kind of equipment are much shorter and less reliable than those obtained by using manual rain gauge equipment. In this context, expeditious methods are needed for obtaining intensity‑duration-frequency equations from daily precipitation records. This study evaluates the performance of the Chow-Gumbel and Bell methods for the establishment of i.d.f. rainfall equations with usual conversion coefficients. The F test of variance, assuming a 95% significance level, was used to compare the empirical methods’ results with those obtained from pluviographic records. Available pluviographic and regular pluviometers data for stations located in Parana, state in Brazil were considered. The results are equivalent for return periods greater than 10 years and for durations greater than 30 minutes.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"12 1","pages":"203-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O Rio Paraiba do Sul esta localizado em uma regiao brasileira com elevada densidade populacional e grande importância socioeconomica. Em seu trecho paulista, o rio encontra-se impactado e com a qualidade da agua comprometida devido a retirada da vegetacao ciliar, o aumento de areas impermeaveis, a atividade industrial, a utilizacao de insumos agricolas e, principalmente, pelo lancamento de esgotos sem tratamento adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, durante as estacoes seca e chuvosa, a qualidade da agua do Rio Paraiba do Sul quanto as variaveis fisicas, quimicas, biologicas e ecotoxicologicas em seu trecho medio superior. As coletas das amostras foram realizadas trimestralmente entre os meses de agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2014. Foram determinadas variaveis: pH, temperatura, condutividade, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquimica de oxigenio (DBO), demanda quimica de oxigenio (DQO), fosforo total (PT), solidos totais (ST), coliformes termotolerantes (CT), clorofila-a, efeito toxico agudo (ETA) e cronico (ETC) e Indice de Estado Trofico (IET). Os resultados referentes a qualidade das aguas mostraram que as variaveis OD, PT e CT estavam em desacordo com o estabelecido para um rio classe 2, conforme a resolucao CONAMA 357/2005 (2005). Algumas variaveis apresentaram uma reducao ao longo do periodo avaliado, como DBO (42,4%), ST (31,1%) e DQO (21,3%). No periodo chuvoso foram observados ETA e ETC. A analise estatistica mostrou que a precipitacao pluviometrica possui grande influencia sobre OD, DBO, ST, clorofila- a , ETA e ETC, atuando como um possivel agente intensificador de impactos sobre este manancial.
{"title":"Caracterização estacional das variáveis físicas, químicas, biológicas e ecotoxicológicas em um trecho do Rio Paraíba do Sul, SP, Brasil","authors":"L. Queiroz, F. D. Silva, T. Paiva","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1949","url":null,"abstract":"O Rio Paraiba do Sul esta localizado em uma regiao brasileira com elevada densidade populacional e grande importância socioeconomica. Em seu trecho paulista, o rio encontra-se impactado e com a qualidade da agua comprometida devido a retirada da vegetacao ciliar, o aumento de areas impermeaveis, a atividade industrial, a utilizacao de insumos agricolas e, principalmente, pelo lancamento de esgotos sem tratamento adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, durante as estacoes seca e chuvosa, a qualidade da agua do Rio Paraiba do Sul quanto as variaveis fisicas, quimicas, biologicas e ecotoxicologicas em seu trecho medio superior. As coletas das amostras foram realizadas trimestralmente entre os meses de agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2014. Foram determinadas variaveis: pH, temperatura, condutividade, turbidez, oxigenio dissolvido (OD), demanda bioquimica de oxigenio (DBO), demanda quimica de oxigenio (DQO), fosforo total (PT), solidos totais (ST), coliformes termotolerantes (CT), clorofila-a, efeito toxico agudo (ETA) e cronico (ETC) e Indice de Estado Trofico (IET). Os resultados referentes a qualidade das aguas mostraram que as variaveis OD, PT e CT estavam em desacordo com o estabelecido para um rio classe 2, conforme a resolucao CONAMA 357/2005 (2005). Algumas variaveis apresentaram uma reducao ao longo do periodo avaliado, como DBO (42,4%), ST (31,1%) e DQO (21,3%). No periodo chuvoso foram observados ETA e ETC. A analise estatistica mostrou que a precipitacao pluviometrica possui grande influencia sobre OD, DBO, ST, clorofila- a , ETA e ETC, atuando como um possivel agente intensificador de impactos sobre este manancial.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"6 1","pages":"238-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：