In different regions of Brazil, population growth and economic development can degrade water quality, compromising watershed health and human supply. Because of its ability to combine spatial and temporal data in the same environment and to create water resources management (WRM) models, the Geographical Information System (GIS) is a powerful tool for managing water resources, preventing floods and estimating water supply. This paper discusses the integration between GIS and hydrological models and presents a case study relating to the upper section of the Paraiba do Sul Basin (Sao Paulo State portion), situated in the Southeast of Brazil. The case study presented in this paper has a database suitable for the basin’s dimensions, including digitized topographic maps at a 50,000 scale. From an ArcGIS ® /ArcHydro Framework Data Model, a geometric network was created to produce different raster products. This first grid derived from the digital elevation model grid (DEM) is the flow direction map followed by flow accumulation, stream and catchment maps. The next steps in this research are to include the different multipurpose reservoirs situated along the Paraiba do Sul River and to incorporate rainfall time series data in ArcHydro to build a hydrologic data model within a GIS environment in order to produce a comprehensive spatial-temporal model.
在巴西的不同地区，人口增长和经济发展可能会使水质恶化，损害流域健康和人类供应。地理信息系统(GIS)能够将同一环境中的空间和时间数据结合起来，并创建水资源管理(WRM)模型，因此是管理水资源、预防洪水和估计供水的有力工具。本文讨论了GIS与水文模型之间的整合，并提出了一个与位于巴西东南部的南帕拉伊巴盆地(圣保罗州部分)上部有关的案例研究。本文的案例研究有一个适合流域尺度的数据库，包括5万比例尺的数字化地形图。从ArcGIS®/ArcHydro框架数据模型，创建了一个几何网络，以产生不同的光栅产品。从数字高程模型网格(DEM)导出的第一个网格是流向图，其次是流量累积图、溪流图和集水区图。本研究的下一步是包括位于Paraiba do Sul河沿岸的不同多用途水库，并将降雨时间序列数据纳入ArcHydro中，在GIS环境中建立水文数据模型，以产生综合的时空模型。
{"title":"Interaction between GIS and hydrologic model: A preliminary approach using ArcHydro Framework Data Model","authors":"S. Simões","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1251","url":null,"abstract":"In different regions of Brazil, population growth and economic development can degrade water quality, compromising watershed health and human supply. Because of its ability to combine spatial and temporal data in the same environment and to create water resources management (WRM) models, the Geographical Information System (GIS) is a powerful tool for managing water resources, preventing floods and estimating water supply. This paper discusses the integration between GIS and hydrological models and presents a case study relating to the upper section of the Paraiba do Sul Basin (Sao Paulo State portion), situated in the Southeast of Brazil. The case study presented in this paper has a database suitable for the basin’s dimensions, including digitized topographic maps at a 50,000 scale. From an ArcGIS ® /ArcHydro Framework Data Model, a geometric network was created to produce different raster products. This first grid derived from the digital elevation model grid (DEM) is the flow direction map followed by flow accumulation, stream and catchment maps. The next steps in this research are to include the different multipurpose reservoirs situated along the Paraiba do Sul River and to incorporate rainfall time series data in ArcHydro to build a hydrologic data model within a GIS environment in order to produce a comprehensive spatial-temporal model.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70663054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Horacio Alfredo Gil, J. Cisneros, J. D. D. Prada, J. Plevich, Angel R. S. Delgado
Urban sewage is one of the biggest polluters of water resources. For treatment, the usual conventional technologies (CT) are based on civil and hydraulic engineering; more recently, green technologies (GT) based on biology and ecology began to be developed. The aim of this study was to assess the economic aspects of these technologies using cost-benefit analysis. The economic benefits are derived from the sale of forest products and the environmental benefits of water decontamination, valued by the avoided cost method. The results of the study establish that GT have better commercial and economic performance than CT, and that the inclusion of environmental benefit significantly improves the results.
{"title":"Green technologies for the use of urban wastewater: economic analysis","authors":"Horacio Alfredo Gil, J. Cisneros, J. D. D. Prada, J. Plevich, Angel R. S. Delgado","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Urban sewage is one of the biggest polluters of water resources. For treatment, the usual conventional technologies (CT) are based on civil and hydraulic engineering; more recently, green technologies (GT) based on biology and ecology began to be developed. The aim of this study was to assess the economic aspects of these technologies using cost-benefit analysis. The economic benefits are derived from the sale of forest products and the environmental benefits of water decontamination, valued by the avoided cost method. The results of the study establish that GT have better commercial and economic performance than CT, and that the inclusion of environmental benefit significantly improves the results.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"118-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the Water Footprint (WF) is used as a management tool by the private sector, few published studies simultaneously consider all three of its constituent components in its estimation. The components are the Blue Water Footprint (WFblue), the Green Water Footprint (WFgreen), and the Grey Water Footprint (WFgrey). In the case of cellulose production, the only paper published to date did not consider the WFgrey because of the difficulty in finding data relative to natural water quality or to the effluents’ composition. In this context, this article seeks to analyze the WFgrey contribution to the WF of cellulose as well as its consequences for actions to mitigate the negative impact of production processes on water bodies. The study took place in a hypothetical industry located at the Paraiba do Sul River watershed, Brazil. The analyses considered pollutants, such as total chloride, total phosphorous, and phenol—all
{"title":"Análise crítica da pegada hídrica cinza na produção de celulose","authors":"V. Empinotti, Natalia Dias Tadeu, Renata Martins","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1184","url":null,"abstract":"While the Water Footprint (WF) is used as a management tool by the private sector, few published studies simultaneously consider all three of its constituent components in its estimation. The components are the Blue Water Footprint (WFblue), the Green Water Footprint (WFgreen), and the Grey Water Footprint (WFgrey). In the case of cellulose production, the only paper published to date did not consider the WFgrey because of the difficulty in finding data relative to natural water quality or to the effluents’ composition. In this context, this article seeks to analyze the WFgrey contribution to the WF of cellulose as well as its consequences for actions to mitigate the negative impact of production processes on water bodies. The study took place in a hypothetical industry located at the Paraiba do Sul River watershed, Brazil. The analyses considered pollutants, such as total chloride, total phosphorous, and phenol—all","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"166-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper documents the results of the experimental treatment of groundwater (flow rate: 300 m 3 h -1 ) polluted by the leachate of an old MSW landfill (7 million tonnes) in northern Italy. The process consists of a coagulation-flocculation pre-treatment at pH > 11, and subsequent ammonia stripping, after heating the water to 35-38 °C by means of the biogas produced by the landfill. The stripped ammonia was recovered by absorption with sulfuric acid, producing a 30% solution of ammonium sulfate, which was reused as a base fertilizer. In addition, the paper reports important operational aspects related to the scaling of the stripping tower’s packing and its effect on pH and temperature profiles inside the towers caused by the closed loop, which recirculates the stripping air coming from the ammonia absorption towers with sulfuric acid. The average removal efficiency of ammonia reached 95.4% with an inlet mean concentration of 199.0 mg L -1 .
这篇论文记录了意大利北部一个旧的城市生活垃圾填埋场(700万吨)的渗滤液污染地下水的实验处理结果(流速:300米3小时-1)。该工艺包括pH值为bbbb11的混凝-絮凝预处理，然后利用垃圾填埋场产生的沼气将水加热至35-38℃后进行氨汽提。将剥离后的氨用硫酸吸附回收，得到30%的硫酸铵溶液，作为基肥再利用。此外，本文还报道了与汽提塔填料结垢及其对塔内pH和温度分布的影响有关的重要操作方面，该影响是由闭环引起的，该闭环将来自氨吸收塔的汽提空气与硫酸再循环。进水平均浓度为199.0 mg L -1时，氨的平均去除率达95.4%。
{"title":"Experimental plant for the physical-chemical treatment of groundwater polluted by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) leachate, with ammonia recovery","authors":"M. Raboni, V. Torretta, P. Viotti, G. Urbini","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1250","url":null,"abstract":"The paper documents the results of the experimental treatment of groundwater (flow rate: 300 m 3 h -1 ) polluted by the leachate of an old MSW landfill (7 million tonnes) in northern Italy. The process consists of a coagulation-flocculation pre-treatment at pH > 11, and subsequent ammonia stripping, after heating the water to 35-38 °C by means of the biogas produced by the landfill. The stripped ammonia was recovered by absorption with sulfuric acid, producing a 30% solution of ammonium sulfate, which was reused as a base fertilizer. In addition, the paper reports important operational aspects related to the scaling of the stripping tower’s packing and its effect on pH and temperature profiles inside the towers caused by the closed loop, which recirculates the stripping air coming from the ammonia absorption towers with sulfuric acid. The average removal efficiency of ammonia reached 95.4% with an inlet mean concentration of 199.0 mg L -1 .","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"57 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gutiérrez, G. Vazquez, José de Anda Sánchez, Jose De Jesus Diaz Torres
The hydrologic regime and the water catchment capacity of a hydrographic basin depend on the temporal and spatial variation patterns of climatic variables and on the physiographic characteristics of the watershed. In certain regions, where the availability of water depends on the catchment capacity of the watershed, the utilization of effective methods such as the hydric balance has become more frequently used because it enables an estimate of the hydrologic regime, the catchment capacity, and the water flows. It also enables an estimate of the hydrologic processes and the period in which they occurred. In the present work, assessments of the Climatic Hydric Balance (CHB) and of potential evapotranspiration were performed in the Cazones river basin. The calculations followed the Thornthwaite and Mather method based on climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation during the period from 1981 to 2010. As a result of these assessments, it was found that the excess layer of water and the annual runoff were 638.63 mm and 637.02 mm, respectively. Further, the work identified the months that comprise the humid and dry periods, the regime of the climatic variables, and surpluses and deficits of water in the basin during an annual cycle.
水文流域的水文状况和集水能力取决于气候变量的时空变化模式和流域的地理特征。在某些地区，水的供应取决于流域的集水能力，因此更经常使用诸如水平衡等有效方法，因为它可以估计水文状况、集水能力和水流。它还使人们能够估计水文过程及其发生的时期。本文对卡萨斯河流域的气候水分平衡(CHB)和潜在蒸散量进行了评估。该计算采用了Thornthwaite and Mather方法，基于1981年至2010年期间的温度和降水等气候变量。结果表明，该流域年径流量为637.02 mm，年径流量为638.63 mm。此外，这项工作还确定了由湿润期和干燥期组成的月份，气候变量的制度，以及盆地在年度循环中的水的盈余和赤字。
{"title":"Assessment of hydric balance through climatic variables, in the Cazones River Basin, Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"E. Gutiérrez, G. Vazquez, José de Anda Sánchez, Jose De Jesus Diaz Torres","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1147","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrologic regime and the water catchment capacity of a hydrographic basin depend on the temporal and spatial variation patterns of climatic variables and on the physiographic characteristics of the watershed. In certain regions, where the availability of water depends on the catchment capacity of the watershed, the utilization of effective methods such as the hydric balance has become more frequently used because it enables an estimate of the hydrologic regime, the catchment capacity, and the water flows. It also enables an estimate of the hydrologic processes and the period in which they occurred. In the present work, assessments of the Climatic Hydric Balance (CHB) and of potential evapotranspiration were performed in the Cazones river basin. The calculations followed the Thornthwaite and Mather method based on climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation during the period from 1981 to 2010. As a result of these assessments, it was found that the excess layer of water and the annual runoff were 638.63 mm and 637.02 mm, respectively. Further, the work identified the months that comprise the humid and dry periods, the regime of the climatic variables, and surpluses and deficits of water in the basin during an annual cycle.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"104-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ainhoa Rubio Clemente, Edwin Lenin Chica Arrieta, G. P. Mesa
Emerging organic pollutants form a very heterogeneous group of substances that have negative effects on aquatic organisms, so they should be removed from the environment. Unfortunately, conventional processes in wastewater treatment plants, especially biological ones, are inefficient in the degradation of these substances. It is therefore necessary to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of the treatments, including advanced oxidation and membrane filtration processes. However, both techniques have drawbacks that may limit their stand-alone application, so it is proposed that the best solution may be to combine these technologies with biological processes to treat wastewater contaminated with emerging organic pollutants.
{"title":"Wastewater treatment processes for the removal of emerging organic pollutants","authors":"Ainhoa Rubio Clemente, Edwin Lenin Chica Arrieta, G. P. Mesa","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1176","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging organic pollutants form a very heterogeneous group of substances that have negative effects on aquatic organisms, so they should be removed from the environment. Unfortunately, conventional processes in wastewater treatment plants, especially biological ones, are inefficient in the degradation of these substances. It is therefore necessary to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of the treatments, including advanced oxidation and membrane filtration processes. However, both techniques have drawbacks that may limit their stand-alone application, so it is proposed that the best solution may be to combine these technologies with biological processes to treat wastewater contaminated with emerging organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danieli Schneiders, J. D. Silva, Aline Till, K. Lapa, Adilson Pinheiro
In this study, specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were performed on textile sludge and food industry sludge. The textile sludge from an activated sludge was collected at the entrance of the secondary biologic clarifier and the food sludge was collected in a UASB reactor. Once collected, the sludges were characterized and tested for SMA. It was found that the microrganisms present in the food sludge had SMA of 0.17 gCOD-CH4 gSSV.d-1 and 337.05 mL of methane production, while the microrganisms of the textile sludge presented 0.10 gCOD-CH4 gSSV.d-1 of SMA and 3.04 mL of methane production. Therefore, the food sludge was more suitable to be used as a starting inoculum in UASB.
{"title":"Atividade Metanogênica Específica (AME) de lodos industriais provenientes do tratamento biológico aeróbio e anaeróbio","authors":"Danieli Schneiders, J. D. Silva, Aline Till, K. Lapa, Adilson Pinheiro","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1098","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, specific methanogenic activity (SMA) tests were performed on textile sludge and food industry sludge. The textile sludge from an activated sludge was collected at the entrance of the secondary biologic clarifier and the food sludge was collected in a UASB reactor. Once collected, the sludges were characterized and tested for SMA. It was found that the microrganisms present in the food sludge had SMA of 0.17 gCOD-CH4 gSSV.d-1 and 337.05 mL of methane production, while the microrganisms of the textile sludge presented 0.10 gCOD-CH4 gSSV.d-1 of SMA and 3.04 mL of methane production. Therefore, the food sludge was more suitable to be used as a starting inoculum in UASB.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roseanne Santos de Carvalho, J. Filho, L. Santana, D. Gomes, L. Mendonça, G. G. Faccioli
A utilizacao de aguas residuarias tratadas para fins agricolas pode se tornar uma alternativa para a manutencao da qualidade dos corpos hidricos, da biota natural dos sistemas bem como alivio de demanda e preservacao da oferta de agua para uso mais restritivos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do reuso de aguas residuarias na qualidade microbiologica da parte aerea da cultura do girassol. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao do Departamento de Engenharia Agronomica (DEA), localizada na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus de Sao Cristovao, no periodo de julho a setembro de 2012. As aguas residuarias tratadas foram coletadas na Estacao de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE) Rosa Elze, localizada no Municipio de Sao Cristovao/SE. A irrigacao foi realizada utilizando-se diferentes proporcoes entre agua potavel e agua residuaria tratada. A lâmina de irrigacao foi obtida utilizando-se o metodo da FAO 56. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes por parcela util. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a analise, conforme os parâmetros recomendados pela Resolucao n°. 12 de 02/01/2001 da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria. Foi realizada a enumeracao de coliformes termotolerantes, E. coli, bolores e leveduras, e a pesquisa de Salmonella. Os resultados obtidos nas analises de qualidade microbiologicas demonstram que a parte aerea do girassol encontrou-se dentro dos padroes estabelecidos pela legislacao vigente, contudo fazem-se necessarios estudos que investiguem o efeito da variacao do solo.
{"title":"Influência do reuso de águas residuárias na qualidade microbiológica do girassol destinado à alimentação animal","authors":"Roseanne Santos de Carvalho, J. Filho, L. Santana, D. Gomes, L. Mendonça, G. G. Faccioli","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1116","url":null,"abstract":"A utilizacao de aguas residuarias tratadas para fins agricolas pode se tornar uma alternativa para a manutencao da qualidade dos corpos hidricos, da biota natural dos sistemas bem como alivio de demanda e preservacao da oferta de agua para uso mais restritivos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do reuso de aguas residuarias na qualidade microbiologica da parte aerea da cultura do girassol. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao do Departamento de Engenharia Agronomica (DEA), localizada na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Campus de Sao Cristovao, no periodo de julho a setembro de 2012. As aguas residuarias tratadas foram coletadas na Estacao de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE) Rosa Elze, localizada no Municipio de Sao Cristovao/SE. A irrigacao foi realizada utilizando-se diferentes proporcoes entre agua potavel e agua residuaria tratada. A lâmina de irrigacao foi obtida utilizando-se o metodo da FAO 56. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes por parcela util. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a analise, conforme os parâmetros recomendados pela Resolucao n°. 12 de 02/01/2001 da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria. Foi realizada a enumeracao de coliformes termotolerantes, E. coli, bolores e leveduras, e a pesquisa de Salmonella. Os resultados obtidos nas analises de qualidade microbiologicas demonstram que a parte aerea do girassol encontrou-se dentro dos padroes estabelecidos pela legislacao vigente, contudo fazem-se necessarios estudos que investiguem o efeito da variacao do solo.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Ledesma, M. Bonansea, C. Rodríguez, Angel R. S. Delgado
Water quality is traditionally monitored and evaluated based upon field data collected at limited locations. The storage capacity of reservoirs is reduced by deposits of suspended matter. The major factors affecting surface water quality are suspended sediments, chlorophyll and nutrients. Modeling and monitoring the biogeochemical status of reservoirs can be done through data from remote sensors. Since the improvement of sensors’ spatial and spectral resolutions, satellites have been used to monitor the interior areas of bodies of water. Water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll-a concentration and secchi disk depth, were found to have a high correlation with transformed spectral variables derived from bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 of LANDSAT 5TM satellite. We created models of estimated responses in regard to values of chlorophyll-a. To do so, we used population models of single and multiple linear regression, whose parameters are associated with the reflectance data of bands 2 and 4 of the sub-image of the satellite, as well as the data of chlorophyll-a obtained in 25 selected stations. According to the physico-chemical analyzes performed, the characteristics of the water in the reservoir of Rio Tercero, correspond to somewhat hard freshwater with calcium bicarbonate. The water was classified as usable as a source of plant treatment, excellent for irrigation because of its low salinity and low residual sodium carbonate content, but unsuitable for animal consumption because of its low salt content.
{"title":"Water quality control in Third River Reservoir (Argentina) using geographical information systems and linear regression models","authors":"Claudia Ledesma, M. Bonansea, C. Rodríguez, Angel R. S. Delgado","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1113","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality is traditionally monitored and evaluated based upon field data collected at limited locations. The storage capacity of reservoirs is reduced by deposits of suspended matter. The major factors affecting surface water quality are suspended sediments, chlorophyll and nutrients. Modeling and monitoring the biogeochemical status of reservoirs can be done through data from remote sensors. Since the improvement of sensors’ spatial and spectral resolutions, satellites have been used to monitor the interior areas of bodies of water. Water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll-a concentration and secchi disk depth, were found to have a high correlation with transformed spectral variables derived from bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 of LANDSAT 5TM satellite. We created models of estimated responses in regard to values of chlorophyll-a. To do so, we used population models of single and multiple linear regression, whose parameters are associated with the reflectance data of bands 2 and 4 of the sub-image of the satellite, as well as the data of chlorophyll-a obtained in 25 selected stations. According to the physico-chemical analyzes performed, the characteristics of the water in the reservoir of Rio Tercero, correspond to somewhat hard freshwater with calcium bicarbonate. The water was classified as usable as a source of plant treatment, excellent for irrigation because of its low salinity and low residual sodium carbonate content, but unsuitable for animal consumption because of its low salt content.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Santini, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Ronald Buss de Souza, Ilana Wainer, Mark A. Hindell
The Western Antarctic Peninsula is rapidly warming and exhibits high indices of biodiversity concentrated mostly along its continental shelf. This region has great importance due to the the mixing caused by the interaction of waters from Weddell Sea (MW), Bransfield Strait (EB) and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (CCA) transmits thermohaline characteristics and nutrients of different sites and finally connects with all the world's oceans. However, studies focusing on the temporal variability of the region's oceanographic conditions that finally determine the water mass formation are sparse due to the logistical difficulties of conducting oceanographic surveys and traditional monitoring during the winter. For this study, variations of the thermohaline structure and water masses in the vicinity and below the sea ice in the North of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and Scotia Sea (SS) were recorded between February and November 2008 by two female southern elephant seals (SES, Mirounga leonina) tagged with Conductivity - Temperature - Depth/Satellite-Relay Data Logger (CTD - SRDL). One thousand three hundred and thirty vertical profiles of temperature and salinity were collected by seals which were tagged by the MEOP-BR Project team at the Elephant Island, South Shetlands. These profiles, together with spread state diagrams allowed the identification of water masses and their variances in the ocean's vertical structure. Among the set of identified water masses we cite: Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), Winter Water (WW), Warm Deep Water (WDW), Modified Warm Deep Water (MWDW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) and Ice Shelf Water (ISW). Our results show that the oceanic vertical structure undergoes changes that cannot be traditionally monitored, particularly during the Austral winter and that SES are important and modern oceanographic data collection platforms allowing for the improvement of our knowledge of oceanographic processes in the Antarctic region.
{"title":"Estrutura termohalina e massas de água ao norte da Península Antártica revelada a partir de dados in situ coletados por elefantes-marinhos do sul (Mirounga leonina)","authors":"M. Santini, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Ronald Buss de Souza, Ilana Wainer, Mark A. Hindell","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.893","url":null,"abstract":"The Western Antarctic Peninsula is rapidly warming and exhibits high indices of biodiversity concentrated mostly along its continental shelf. This region has great importance due to the the mixing caused by the interaction of waters from Weddell Sea (MW), Bransfield Strait (EB) and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (CCA) transmits thermohaline characteristics and nutrients of different sites and finally connects with all the world's oceans. However, studies focusing on the temporal variability of the region's oceanographic conditions that finally determine the water mass formation are sparse due to the logistical difficulties of conducting oceanographic surveys and traditional monitoring during the winter. For this study, variations of the thermohaline structure and water masses in the vicinity and below the sea ice in the North of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and Scotia Sea (SS) were recorded between February and November 2008 by two female southern elephant seals (SES, Mirounga leonina) tagged with Conductivity - Temperature - Depth/Satellite-Relay Data Logger (CTD - SRDL). One thousand three hundred and thirty vertical profiles of temperature and salinity were collected by seals which were tagged by the MEOP-BR Project team at the Elephant Island, South Shetlands. These profiles, together with spread state diagrams allowed the identification of water masses and their variances in the ocean's vertical structure. Among the set of identified water masses we cite: Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), Winter Water (WW), Warm Deep Water (WDW), Modified Warm Deep Water (MWDW), Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) and Ice Shelf Water (ISW). Our results show that the oceanic vertical structure undergoes changes that cannot be traditionally monitored, particularly during the Austral winter and that SES are important and modern oceanographic data collection platforms allowing for the improvement of our knowledge of oceanographic processes in the Antarctic region.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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