One of the biggest challenges in urban planning is to balance the use of natural resources with the need to preserve them. One of the main resources is water, which is essential to human life and activities. Population growth and urban sprawl challenge water availability. Thus, it is important to evaluate development trends in order to predict future scenarios, enabling the adoption of preventive actions and decision-making. The objective of this study is to present a water management assessment methodology for urban planning as a practical and direct tool capable of conveying the necessary information for decision making in the process of balanced and harmonious urban planning, applicable to medium size Brazilian cities.
{"title":"Water management assessment methodology for urban planning","authors":"Giovana Ulian, I. Cartes, M. M. C. L. Lima","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1917","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest challenges in urban planning is to balance the use of natural resources with the need to preserve them. One of the main resources is water, which is essential to human life and activities. Population growth and urban sprawl challenge water availability. Thus, it is important to evaluate development trends in order to predict future scenarios, enabling the adoption of preventive actions and decision-making. The objective of this study is to present a water management assessment methodology for urban planning as a practical and direct tool capable of conveying the necessary information for decision making in the process of balanced and harmonious urban planning, applicable to medium size Brazilian cities.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"12 1","pages":"33-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriana Mascarette Labinas, Marialdo Correa de Araujo
This paper discusses the reverse logistics of empty agrochemical containers, the partners involved, and it focuses on the participation of the Agricultural Defense Agency of the Sao Paulo state government in reducing the risk of water and soil contamination in order to preserve these resources for future generations.
{"title":"O sistema de logística reversa e o papel da fiscalização governamental para a preservação do solo e da água: o caso das embalagens vazias de defensivos agrícolas","authors":"Adriana Mascarette Labinas, Marialdo Correa de Araujo","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2000","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the reverse logistics of empty agrochemical containers, the partners involved, and it focuses on the participation of the Agricultural Defense Agency of the Sao Paulo state government in reducing the risk of water and soil contamination in order to preserve these resources for future generations.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"759-762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.2000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the end of the 1980s, development and human rights were treated as separate issues, with distinct and divergent strategies and goals. After two decades, our understanding of the issue has evolved, and it has become clear that there is no way to separate the two issues. Currently, interest in human rights is increasing, and is focusing particularly on developing a consensus based upon international standards in order to promote and protect such rights. In this context, after numerous negotiations, the right to access potable water has come to be understood as a human right. This paper discusses the issue of water as a human right based upon the analysis of the World Water Forum which has existed since 1997 and involves the public, private and scientific sectors. The qualitative textual analysis was based upon documentation of these events.
{"title":"O direito humano de acesso à água potável: uma análise continental baseada nos Fóruns Mundiais da Água","authors":"L. Zorzi, Luciana Turatti, J. Mazzarino","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1861","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of the 1980s, development and human rights were treated as separate issues, with distinct and divergent strategies and goals. After two decades, our understanding of the issue has evolved, and it has become clear that there is no way to separate the two issues. Currently, interest in human rights is increasing, and is focusing particularly on developing a consensus based upon international standards in order to promote and protect such rights. In this context, after numerous negotiations, the right to access potable water has come to be understood as a human right. This paper discusses the issue of water as a human right based upon the analysis of the World Water Forum which has existed since 1997 and involves the public, private and scientific sectors. The qualitative textual analysis was based upon documentation of these events.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"954-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugarcane vinasse is one of the most polluting residues produced by Brazilian ethanol industries, mainly because of its harmful effects on the environmental, such as high organic matter load and acidity. Anaerobic digestion is a highly efficient wastewater treatment method that could potentially be used to treat sugarcane vinasse. This study examined the anaerobic biodigestion of sugarcane vinasse in mesophilic conditions (30 - 45°C) by varying the inoculum concentration (0.5 to 5.5%) and pH (6 - 8). Changes of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total solids content, and yield and composition of biogas after the biodigestion of the vinasse were assessed. The vinasse was efficiently digested under mesophilic anaerobic conditions over a 23-day Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and a 5-day acidogenic phase with a consequent reduction of COD (54 - 83%) and total solids (52 - 87%). Statistical analyses at a confidence level of 95% suggested that temperature, pH and inoculum concentration did not influence on the anaerobic biodigestion of the vinasse. The optimal operating parameters were found to be temperatures of 30 - 35°C, inoculum concentration of 0.5% and pH of 6 - 7. The results emphasize the promising use of the treated sugarcane vinasse as a biofertilizer for agriculture, indicating that the anaerobic digestion process is an excellent alternative for Brazilian ethanol industries.
{"title":"Anaerobic biodigestion of sugarcane vinasse under mesophilic conditions using manure as inoculum","authors":"C. E. Silva, A. Abud","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1897","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane vinasse is one of the most polluting residues produced by Brazilian ethanol industries, mainly because of its harmful effects on the environmental, such as high organic matter load and acidity. Anaerobic digestion is a highly efficient wastewater treatment method that could potentially be used to treat sugarcane vinasse. This study examined the anaerobic biodigestion of sugarcane vinasse in mesophilic conditions (30 - 45°C) by varying the inoculum concentration (0.5 to 5.5%) and pH (6 - 8). Changes of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total solids content, and yield and composition of biogas after the biodigestion of the vinasse were assessed. The vinasse was efficiently digested under mesophilic anaerobic conditions over a 23-day Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and a 5-day acidogenic phase with a consequent reduction of COD (54 - 83%) and total solids (52 - 87%). Statistical analyses at a confidence level of 95% suggested that temperature, pH and inoculum concentration did not influence on the anaerobic biodigestion of the vinasse. The optimal operating parameters were found to be temperatures of 30 - 35°C, inoculum concentration of 0.5% and pH of 6 - 7. The results emphasize the promising use of the treated sugarcane vinasse as a biofertilizer for agriculture, indicating that the anaerobic digestion process is an excellent alternative for Brazilian ethanol industries.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"763-777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ceci Queluz Venturini, P. C. Narvai, Marco Antonio Manfredini, P. Frazão
O fluoreto presente na agua pode ser um fator de protecao ou de risco a denticao humana dependendo da sua concentracao. O objetivo foi sumarizar as principais caracteristicas metodologicas e os principais achados descritos em estudos sobre monitoramento da concentracao de fluoreto em agua de abastecimento publico, que foram publicados em revistas cientificas especializadas entre 2008 e 2012, examinando suas implicacoes para a vigilância em saude publica. Uma revisao sistematica foi realizada buscando artigos nas bases de dados Embase, Lilacs e PubMed. Trinta e seis artigos foram incluidos: 28 das Americas, cinco da Asia, dois da Africa e um da Europa. A variabilidade dos estudos quanto ao desenho e aos procedimentos metodologicos foi elevada. Embora tenha sido oferecida informacao sobre a distribuicao espaco-temporal das amostras, poucos trabalhos descreveram a populacao coberta pela fonte de abastecimento investigada. Quase metade dos estudos foi do tipo transversal e nenhuma medida de dispersao ou de variacao foi associada ao valor medio. Predominou o uso do metodo eletrometrico e a classificacao dicotomica do tipo adequado/inadequado e/ou acima/abaixo para avaliar os resultados. Menos da metade dos estudos esteve articulada a vigilância como acao do Estado, e um numero ainda menor levantou hipoteses sobre possiveis fatores associados aos resultados encontrados. Ha um espaco importante a ser diminuido entre os resultados dessas iniciativas e o uso das informacoes pelas autoridades de saude publica e tambem para melhorar os procedimentos metodologicos em futuros estudos. A interacao entre os pesquisadores e os orgaos de controle da qualidade da agua deveria ser incrementada.
{"title":"Vigilância e monitoramento de fluoretos em águas de abastecimento público: uma revisão sistemática","authors":"Ceci Queluz Venturini, P. C. Narvai, Marco Antonio Manfredini, P. Frazão","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1929","url":null,"abstract":"O fluoreto presente na agua pode ser um fator de protecao ou de risco a denticao humana dependendo da sua concentracao. O objetivo foi sumarizar as principais caracteristicas metodologicas e os principais achados descritos em estudos sobre monitoramento da concentracao de fluoreto em agua de abastecimento publico, que foram publicados em revistas cientificas especializadas entre 2008 e 2012, examinando suas implicacoes para a vigilância em saude publica. Uma revisao sistematica foi realizada buscando artigos nas bases de dados Embase, Lilacs e PubMed. Trinta e seis artigos foram incluidos: 28 das Americas, cinco da Asia, dois da Africa e um da Europa. A variabilidade dos estudos quanto ao desenho e aos procedimentos metodologicos foi elevada. Embora tenha sido oferecida informacao sobre a distribuicao espaco-temporal das amostras, poucos trabalhos descreveram a populacao coberta pela fonte de abastecimento investigada. Quase metade dos estudos foi do tipo transversal e nenhuma medida de dispersao ou de variacao foi associada ao valor medio. Predominou o uso do metodo eletrometrico e a classificacao dicotomica do tipo adequado/inadequado e/ou acima/abaixo para avaliar os resultados. Menos da metade dos estudos esteve articulada a vigilância como acao do Estado, e um numero ainda menor levantou hipoteses sobre possiveis fatores associados aos resultados encontrados. Ha um espaco importante a ser diminuido entre os resultados dessas iniciativas e o uso das informacoes pelas autoridades de saude publica e tambem para melhorar os procedimentos metodologicos em futuros estudos. A interacao entre os pesquisadores e os orgaos de controle da qualidade da agua deveria ser incrementada.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"972-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fischer, T. Cunha, C. Rosaneli, Renata Bicudo Molinari, Anor Sganzerla
A crise hidrica afeta toda a biodiversidade e dela emergem questoes eticas da relacao humana com a agua e seu impacto nas populacoes vulneraveis. Este artigo analisa do ponto de vista etico como o meio cientifico tem abordado a crise hidrica. Analisaram-se producoes cientificas sobre a crise da agua de forma qualitativa pela analise de conteudo. Identificou-se que o pouco interesse que o meio cientifico tem em discutir os problemas eticos relacionados a crise hidrica faz com que nao se tenha um retrato real de quem sao os vulneraveis desse processo. Para superar essa realidade propoe-se a bioetica ambiental, com sua metodologia baseada no dialogo interdisciplinar, como a ferramenta capaz de considerar e unir os diferentes interesses sejam humanos ou da natureza, bem como para evidenciar as verdadeiras causas da crise hidrica.
{"title":"Crise hídrica em publicações científicas: olhares da bioética ambiental","authors":"M. Fischer, T. Cunha, C. Rosaneli, Renata Bicudo Molinari, Anor Sganzerla","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1879","url":null,"abstract":"A crise hidrica afeta toda a biodiversidade e dela emergem questoes eticas da relacao humana com a agua e seu impacto nas populacoes vulneraveis. Este artigo analisa do ponto de vista etico como o meio cientifico tem abordado a crise hidrica. Analisaram-se producoes cientificas sobre a crise da agua de forma qualitativa pela analise de conteudo. Identificou-se que o pouco interesse que o meio cientifico tem em discutir os problemas eticos relacionados a crise hidrica faz com que nao se tenha um retrato real de quem sao os vulneraveis desse processo. Para superar essa realidade propoe-se a bioetica ambiental, com sua metodologia baseada no dialogo interdisciplinar, como a ferramenta capaz de considerar e unir os diferentes interesses sejam humanos ou da natureza, bem como para evidenciar as verdadeiras causas da crise hidrica.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"586-600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Torretta, M. Schiavon, E. Papa, P. Caruson, A. Capodaglio
A pilot plant for the treatment of Sulphur-based odorous gases was installed in a line of a phosphoric acid plant located in Skhira, Tunisia. The air pollution control system train consisted of a first stage, including a chemical scrubber operating with an alkaline solution containing caustic soda, followed by a two-stage biotrickling filter (BTF) filled with Mytilus edulis shells. This study evaluated the performance of the dual-stage BTF in removing hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) from the phosphoric acid reactor's exhaust air current. Concentrations of H2S, SO2 and DMS at the inlet of the two-stage BTF were 10-30 ppm, < 1-20 ppm and 16-30 ppm, respectively. All of the respective concentrations at the outlet of the biological step were < 1 ppm, except for the H2S in the outlet during the first day of operation (10 ppm). Removal efficiencies were generally higher than 95% for all compounds, and remained high even with an increase of the off-gas flow rate. Mass-removal capacity was at least 2.0 g m-3 h-1, 0.5 g m-3 h-1 and 6.2 g m-3 h-1, for H2S, SO2 and DMS, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the process were satisfactory, especially considering the already low inlet concentrations, due to the high quality of the raw phosphate used.
在位于突尼斯Skhira的一家磷酸厂的生产线上安装了一个处理含硫恶臭气体的试验工厂。空气污染控制系统由第一级组成，包括一个化学洗涤器，使用含有苛性钠的碱性溶液，然后是一个两级生物滴滤器(BTF)，填充贻贝壳。研究了双级BTF对磷酸反应器排气中硫化氢(H2S)、二氧化硫(SO2)和二甲基硫化物(DMS)的去除效果。二级BTF进口H2S、SO2和DMS浓度分别为10 ~ 30 ppm、< 1 ~ 20 ppm和16 ~ 30 ppm。除第一天出水的H2S浓度(10 ppm)外，其余各生物步骤出水浓度均< 1 ppm。所有化合物的去除率一般都在95%以上，并且即使废气流量增加也保持较高的去除率。对H2S、SO2和DMS的质量去除率分别至少为2.0 g m-3 h-1、0.5 g m-3 h-1和6.2 g m-3 h-1。由于使用了高质量的原磷酸盐，该工艺的去除效率令人满意，特别是考虑到入口浓度已经很低。
{"title":"Removal of odorous sulphur compounds from industrial gases by biotrickling filters","authors":"V. Torretta, M. Schiavon, E. Papa, P. Caruson, A. Capodaglio","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1848","url":null,"abstract":"A pilot plant for the treatment of Sulphur-based odorous gases was installed in a line of a phosphoric acid plant located in Skhira, Tunisia. The air pollution control system train consisted of a first stage, including a chemical scrubber operating with an alkaline solution containing caustic soda, followed by a two-stage biotrickling filter (BTF) filled with Mytilus edulis shells. This study evaluated the performance of the dual-stage BTF in removing hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) from the phosphoric acid reactor's exhaust air current. Concentrations of H2S, SO2 and DMS at the inlet of the two-stage BTF were 10-30 ppm, < 1-20 ppm and 16-30 ppm, respectively. All of the respective concentrations at the outlet of the biological step were < 1 ppm, except for the H2S in the outlet during the first day of operation (10 ppm). Removal efficiencies were generally higher than 95% for all compounds, and remained high even with an increase of the off-gas flow rate. Mass-removal capacity was at least 2.0 g m-3 h-1, 0.5 g m-3 h-1 and 6.2 g m-3 h-1, for H2S, SO2 and DMS, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the process were satisfactory, especially considering the already low inlet concentrations, due to the high quality of the raw phosphate used.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"499-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1848","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Araújo, R. Antonelli, Beatriz Gaydeczka, A. C. Granato, G. R. P. Malpass
Contamination of water by toxic and/or recalcitrant species has great environmental impacts. In this context, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) - technologies that principally use the hydroxyl radical (HO●) for oxidation - have emerged as promising alternatives in treating urban and industrial wastewaters. This study reviewed the literature on POAs and presented data regarding the efficiency of these processes in pollutant degradation, comparing the theoretical reasoning and its industrial applications. The fundamentals and major applications of AOPs (chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, sonochemical and ozone-based processes), as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are described in this review. AOPs have been considered an effective alternative from a technical, economic and environmental viewpoint for the degradation of pollutants in effluents and industrial wastewater, despite having limitations such as high cost of available energy sources, development of new low-cost catalytic materials and construction of full-scale reactors. It is greatly important to the industrial application of AOPs to optimize the effectiveness of these factors.
{"title":"Advanced oxidation processes: a review regarding the fundamentals and applications in wastewater treatment and industrial wastewater","authors":"K. Araújo, R. Antonelli, Beatriz Gaydeczka, A. C. Granato, G. R. P. Malpass","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1862","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of water by toxic and/or recalcitrant species has great environmental impacts. In this context, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) - technologies that principally use the hydroxyl radical (HO●) for oxidation - have emerged as promising alternatives in treating urban and industrial wastewaters. This study reviewed the literature on POAs and presented data regarding the efficiency of these processes in pollutant degradation, comparing the theoretical reasoning and its industrial applications. The fundamentals and major applications of AOPs (chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, sonochemical and ozone-based processes), as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are described in this review. AOPs have been considered an effective alternative from a technical, economic and environmental viewpoint for the degradation of pollutants in effluents and industrial wastewater, despite having limitations such as high cost of available energy sources, development of new low-cost catalytic materials and construction of full-scale reactors. It is greatly important to the industrial application of AOPs to optimize the effectiveness of these factors.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"387-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Silva, Camila Ananias de Lima, J. J. Queiroz, Paula Regina Luna de Araújo Jácome, Agenor Tavares Jácome Júnior
This study analyzed the quality of water used for the irrigation of five crops based upon microorganism indicators of fecal contamination (group coliforms) and contamination by organic material (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in both the water and in the irrigated food. The study also verified the decrease in the activity of these microorganisms by heterotrophic bacterial count before and after treatment with three different sanitizers. The presence of coliform (NMP > 1600) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in both the irrigation water and in the irrigated food, and the coefficient of variation (R2) revealed a strong correlation between the rates of contamination of the water and food. All of the sanitizers evaluated reduced the bacterial load of the food, especially sanitization with vinegar at 200 ppm, which, in addition to greatly reducing food contamination, is also considered a low-cost and toxicologically safe product, and therefore may be indicated for this purpose. Thus, the use of poor quality water in the irrigation of vegetables may directly contribute to food contamination, with serious implications for the health of consumers.
{"title":"Análise bacteriológica das águas de irrigação de horticulturas","authors":"Á. Silva, Camila Ananias de Lima, J. J. Queiroz, Paula Regina Luna de Araújo Jácome, Agenor Tavares Jácome Júnior","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1798","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the quality of water used for the irrigation of five crops based upon microorganism indicators of fecal contamination (group coliforms) and contamination by organic material (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in both the water and in the irrigated food. The study also verified the decrease in the activity of these microorganisms by heterotrophic bacterial count before and after treatment with three different sanitizers. The presence of coliform (NMP > 1600) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in both the irrigation water and in the irrigated food, and the coefficient of variation (R2) revealed a strong correlation between the rates of contamination of the water and food. All of the sanitizers evaluated reduced the bacterial load of the food, especially sanitization with vinegar at 200 ppm, which, in addition to greatly reducing food contamination, is also considered a low-cost and toxicologically safe product, and therefore may be indicated for this purpose. Thus, the use of poor quality water in the irrigation of vegetables may directly contribute to food contamination, with serious implications for the health of consumers.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"428-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Luis Ibarra-Montoya, Francisco Martín Huerta-Martínez
La interaccion de diversos elementos de caracter socioeconomico, politico y cultural, influidos por factores de paisaje y climaticos, son aspectos importantes en los regimenes de incendios. Sin duda la generacion de modelos espaciales que integran esos elementos y factores, ayudan a predecir zonas potenciales de incendios con mas exactitud. El Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna La Primavera (APFFLP) constituye el principal regulador climatico de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, y presenta frecuentemente incendios forestales, por lo que representa un reto para la ciencia y la tecnologia utilizarla como modelo para desarrollar metodologias que ayuden a predecir incendios forestales. El presente estudio se enfoca a la construccion de un modelo espacial que ayuda a determinar zonas potenciales de incendios en dicha area. El modelo integra variables meteorologicas, de paisaje, de combustibles, antropogenicas y/o de causalidad; y las ocurrencias historicas de los incendios comprendidos durante el periodo 1998-2012. Segun el modelo, las variables que determinan las zonas con mayor potencial de incendios son: la pendiente (paisaje), la humedad relativa (meteorologica), el tipo de vegetacion (causalidad) y el uso del suelo (antropogenicas). El modelo predice una zona extensa con alto potencial de incendiarse, ubicada en la parte central y noroeste del poligono del APFFLP; asimismo, existen zonas potenciales pequenas y aisladas ubicadas en el oriente del poligono. La informacion generada en este estudio podria ayudar a la generacion de mapas de riesgo locales y con ello, optimizar las acciones de manejo del fuego y restauracion del Bosque La Primavera.
{"title":"Modelado espacial de incendios: una herramienta predictiva para el Bosque La Primavera, Jalisco México","authors":"José Luis Ibarra-Montoya, Francisco Martín Huerta-Martínez","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1536","url":null,"abstract":"La interaccion de diversos elementos de caracter socioeconomico, politico y cultural, influidos por factores de paisaje y climaticos, son aspectos importantes en los regimenes de incendios. Sin duda la generacion de modelos espaciales que integran esos elementos y factores, ayudan a predecir zonas potenciales de incendios con mas exactitud. El Area de Proteccion de Flora y Fauna La Primavera (APFFLP) constituye el principal regulador climatico de la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, y presenta frecuentemente incendios forestales, por lo que representa un reto para la ciencia y la tecnologia utilizarla como modelo para desarrollar metodologias que ayuden a predecir incendios forestales. El presente estudio se enfoca a la construccion de un modelo espacial que ayuda a determinar zonas potenciales de incendios en dicha area. El modelo integra variables meteorologicas, de paisaje, de combustibles, antropogenicas y/o de causalidad; y las ocurrencias historicas de los incendios comprendidos durante el periodo 1998-2012. Segun el modelo, las variables que determinan las zonas con mayor potencial de incendios son: la pendiente (paisaje), la humedad relativa (meteorologica), el tipo de vegetacion (causalidad) y el uso del suelo (antropogenicas). El modelo predice una zona extensa con alto potencial de incendiarse, ubicada en la parte central y noroeste del poligono del APFFLP; asimismo, existen zonas potenciales pequenas y aisladas ubicadas en el oriente del poligono. La informacion generada en este estudio podria ayudar a la generacion de mapas de riesgo locales y con ello, optimizar las acciones de manejo del fuego y restauracion del Bosque La Primavera.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70664737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：