Aline Almeida, F. Passig, Thomaz Aurélio Pagioro, Priscila Tiemi Higuti do Nascimento, K. Q. D. Carvalho
Microcystin-LR is a type of toxin released by the Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria found in water sources used for human consumption. It can cause illness and even death if not completely removed in conventional water treatment. The retention of this toxin is often accomplished by the adsorption process in activated carbon in water treatment plants. In this study, a comparison was made between the retention of microcystin-LR by activated carbon and by sugarcane bagasse in natura applied as a bio-adsorbent. Adsorption experiments were performed after the physical and chemical properties of the bio adsorbent and the activated carbon were characterized. The adsorption performance was evaluated by the toxin removal efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity. Average removal efficiencies of the toxin resulted in 65.25; 41.74 and 11.75% for the activated carbon and 24.15; 18.92 and 12.27% for the sugarcane bagasse for concentrations of 2.36, 3.33 and 3.83 µg L-1, respectively. The bio adsorbent presented removal efficiency for the toxin similar to that observed in the activated carbon for the concentration of 3.83 µg L-1. Maximum adsorption capacity obtained with better linear adjustment to the Freundlich isotherm was 6,047.84 µg g-1 (toxin concentration of 3.83 µg L-1) for sugarcane bagasse and 338.61 µg g-1 (toxin concentration of 2.36 µg L-1) for activated carbon.
微囊藻毒素lr是一种由铜绿微囊藻蓝藻释放的毒素，发现于人类饮用的水源中。在常规的水处理中，如果不能完全去除它，可能会导致疾病甚至死亡。这种毒素的保留通常是通过水处理厂活性炭的吸附过程来完成的。本研究比较了活性炭和天然甘蔗渣作为生物吸附剂对微囊藻毒素lr的截留效果。在对生物吸附剂和活性炭的理化性质进行表征后，进行了吸附实验。以除毒效率和最大吸附量评价其吸附性能。毒素的平均去除率为65.25;41.74和11.75%为活性炭和24.15;甘蔗渣在浓度为2.36、3.33和3.83 μ g L-1时，分别为18.92和12.27%。生物吸附剂对毒素的去除效果与浓度为3.83µg L-1的活性炭相似。对Freundlich等温线进行较好的线性调整后，蔗渣的最大吸附量为6047.84µg g-1(毒素浓度为3.83µg L-1)，活性炭的最大吸附量为338.61µg g-1(毒素浓度为2.36µg L-1)。
{"title":"Remoção de microcistina-LR da Microcystis aeruginosa utilizando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar in natura e carvão ativado","authors":"Aline Almeida, F. Passig, Thomaz Aurélio Pagioro, Priscila Tiemi Higuti do Nascimento, K. Q. D. Carvalho","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1785","url":null,"abstract":"Microcystin-LR is a type of toxin released by the Microcystis aeruginosa cyanobacteria found in water sources used for human consumption. It can cause illness and even death if not completely removed in conventional water treatment. The retention of this toxin is often accomplished by the adsorption process in activated carbon in water treatment plants. In this study, a comparison was made between the retention of microcystin-LR by activated carbon and by sugarcane bagasse in natura applied as a bio-adsorbent. Adsorption experiments were performed after the physical and chemical properties of the bio adsorbent and the activated carbon were characterized. The adsorption performance was evaluated by the toxin removal efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity. Average removal efficiencies of the toxin resulted in 65.25; 41.74 and 11.75% for the activated carbon and 24.15; 18.92 and 12.27% for the sugarcane bagasse for concentrations of 2.36, 3.33 and 3.83 µg L-1, respectively. The bio adsorbent presented removal efficiency for the toxin similar to that observed in the activated carbon for the concentration of 3.83 µg L-1. Maximum adsorption capacity obtained with better linear adjustment to the Freundlich isotherm was 6,047.84 µg g-1 (toxin concentration of 3.83 µg L-1) for sugarcane bagasse and 338.61 µg g-1 (toxin concentration of 2.36 µg L-1) for activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"159 1","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Taquari Valley has several food industries and tanneries which release their effluents into the Taquari River, as well as a cemetery in a Permanent Preservation Area in Mucum town. This study performed physicochemical and microbiological analyses of water from before and after three Taquari River sites considered potentially polluting and compared the results of those samples. The chosen sites were a cemetery and a tannery in Mucum and a tannery next to a poultry processing plant located in Roca Sales. We analyzed pH, turbidity,
{"title":"Qualidade da água de três locais com potenciais fontes de contaminação no Rio Taquari, RS","authors":"Thais Muller, Camille Eichelberger Granada, Raul Antônio Sperotto","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1789","url":null,"abstract":"The Taquari Valley has several food industries and tanneries which release their effluents into the Taquari River, as well as a cemetery in a Permanent Preservation Area in Mucum town. This study performed physicochemical and microbiological analyses of water from before and after three Taquari River sites considered potentially polluting and compared the results of those samples. The chosen sites were a cemetery and a tannery in Mucum and a tannery next to a poultry processing plant located in Roca Sales. We analyzed pH, turbidity,","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"11 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70666028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Caroline Ribeiro, Maria Tereza Oliveira Batista, Edson Rodrigues Junior, M. F. D. Oliveira, Gannabathula Sree Vani, E. Rodrigues, C. N. K. Suda
Fish spend their whole life cycle in water and receive the influence of its physico-chemical and biological components over time. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) of aquatic organisms can be altered by pollutants in the water. The aim of this study was to determine whether the activities of LDH and MDH in the gills and liver of Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari do rabo amarelo or Two Spots Astyanax in English), can be used as biomarkers of environmental impact in the Una River (SP) Basin. The lambaris for these studies were collected from three water bodies of this basin designated as p1 (Itaim River), p2 (stream by the road to the Municipality of Remedios) and p3 (lake on the road to the Municipality of Dr. Jose Luiz Cembranelli). The gills and liver were homogenized and this material was then centrifuged and the supernatant was used for LDH and MDH activity assays using the spectrophotometric method, which determined oxidation rate of NADH. The activities of hepatic LDH and MDH and gill MDH were not statistically different in the lambaris collected at the three sites. In the gill tissue, LDH activity of lambaris from p3 was lower than that from p1.This inhibition of LDH in lambaris from p3, as well as the inferior quality of water there, suggest the occurrence of pollutants in this water. It is concluded that the LDH of lambari gills has potential for use as a biochemical marker of environmental impact in the Una River.
鱼的整个生命周期都在水中度过，并随着时间的推移受到水的物理、化学和生物成分的影响。水中污染物会改变水生生物乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的活性。本研究的目的是确定双斑Astyanax (lambari do rabo amarelo或Two Spots Astyanax)鳃和肝脏中LDH和MDH的活性是否可以作为乌纳河(SP)流域环境影响的生物标志物。用于这些研究的兰巴利是从该盆地的三个水体中收集的，分别为p1(伊塔姆河)，p2(通往雷麦地诺斯市的道路上的溪流)和p3(通往Jose Luiz Cembranelli博士市的道路上的湖泊)。鱼鳃和肝脏均质后离心，上清液分光光度法测定LDH和MDH活性，测定NADH氧化速率。在三个地点采集的小鳗中，肝脏LDH、MDH和鳃MDH的活性无统计学差异。在鳃组织中，p3的LDH活性低于p1。p3对lambaris体内LDH的抑制作用，以及那里的水质较差，表明该水体中存在污染物。综上所述，在乌纳河中，兰巴鱼鳃乳酸脱氢酶具有作为环境影响生化指标的潜力。
{"title":"Atividades de lactato desidrogenase e malato desidrogenase de Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari) da bacia hidrográfica do rio Una como biomarcadoras de impacto ambiental","authors":"Anne Caroline Ribeiro, Maria Tereza Oliveira Batista, Edson Rodrigues Junior, M. F. D. Oliveira, Gannabathula Sree Vani, E. Rodrigues, C. N. K. Suda","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1615","url":null,"abstract":"Fish spend their whole life cycle in water and receive the influence of its physico-chemical and biological components over time. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) of aquatic organisms can be altered by pollutants in the water. The aim of this study was to determine whether the activities of LDH and MDH in the gills and liver of Astyanax bimaculatus (lambari do rabo amarelo or Two Spots Astyanax in English), can be used as biomarkers of environmental impact in the Una River (SP) Basin. The lambaris for these studies were collected from three water bodies of this basin designated as p1 (Itaim River), p2 (stream by the road to the Municipality of Remedios) and p3 (lake on the road to the Municipality of Dr. Jose Luiz Cembranelli). The gills and liver were homogenized and this material was then centrifuged and the supernatant was used for LDH and MDH activity assays using the spectrophotometric method, which determined oxidation rate of NADH. The activities of hepatic LDH and MDH and gill MDH were not statistically different in the lambaris collected at the three sites. In the gill tissue, LDH activity of lambaris from p3 was lower than that from p1.This inhibition of LDH in lambaris from p3, as well as the inferior quality of water there, suggest the occurrence of pollutants in this water. It is concluded that the LDH of lambari gills has potential for use as a biochemical marker of environmental impact in the Una River.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"10 1","pages":"793-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor Fernandez Nascimento, Anahi Chimini Sobral, Pedro R. Andrade, J. P. B. Ometto
The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased over time in Brazil, along with changes in waste quality, which gives rise to discussions regarding the importance of properly managing and disposing of these wastes. Currently, issues involving the management of MSW have a central focus in carrying out public policies. Effective implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) - Law no. 12,305/2010 is expected to bring changes in the panorama of solid waste in Brazil. This work is a review of literature that aims to address some aspects of the MSW in Brazil, considering some changes expected to occur in the public sector after NSWP implementation. Some data is presented and discussed in order to foster an understanding of the evolution of MSW management in Brazil and to highlight challenges for the NSWP compliance with regulation, such as the expansion of the collection and treatment of MSW, more active societal involvement in waste-separation processes and the difficulty of eradicating open dumps and replacing them with landfills. In general, while there were improvements in MSW management, they were insufficient to address the changes proposed by the NSWP in order to establish integrated MSW management that would be effective and sustainable for both the environment and society. This indicates the need for urgent change in the structure of the MSW sector in Brazil.
{"title":"Evolução e desafios no gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil","authors":"Victor Fernandez Nascimento, Anahi Chimini Sobral, Pedro R. Andrade, J. P. B. Ometto","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1635","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased over time in Brazil, along with changes in waste quality, which gives rise to discussions regarding the importance of properly managing and disposing of these wastes. Currently, issues involving the management of MSW have a central focus in carrying out public policies. Effective implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) - Law no. 12,305/2010 is expected to bring changes in the panorama of solid waste in Brazil. This work is a review of literature that aims to address some aspects of the MSW in Brazil, considering some changes expected to occur in the public sector after NSWP implementation. Some data is presented and discussed in order to foster an understanding of the evolution of MSW management in Brazil and to highlight challenges for the NSWP compliance with regulation, such as the expansion of the collection and treatment of MSW, more active societal involvement in waste-separation processes and the difficulty of eradicating open dumps and replacing them with landfills. In general, while there were improvements in MSW management, they were insufficient to address the changes proposed by the NSWP in order to establish integrated MSW management that would be effective and sustainable for both the environment and society. This indicates the need for urgent change in the structure of the MSW sector in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"10 1","pages":"889-902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70664884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collective food service is considered a major source of food waste. In order to acquire detailed data of food loss and waste generation in this sector, the waste of one Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU) was classified into categories: inventory losses and storage losses in food processing, distribution and return. The study sought to identify and quantify the waste generated over five days at a FNU located inside an automobile parts manufacturing shop in the city of Taubate, SP, and we proposed an action plan to reduce the environmental impact based upon the three r's principle. In order to serve 2,740 meals, 486.6 kg of solid waste were generated, resulting in an average per capita of 0.177 kg / day of waste. The waste was distributed as follows: 58.0% in food processing, 31.9% in returns and 10.1% in stock and storage. Of the total solid waste, 85% was organic compounds of unwanted portions of vegetables and meat, food scraps, leftovers from dinners, expired food and food samples, and 15% was composed of waste paper/cardboard, plastics and cans. The largest waste generation was due to the disposal of inedible food, food scraps produced and rest-intake, these results are related to waste food, 100% intended for composting. As for the other waste, 80% was destined for recycling and 20% was taken to the landfill.
{"title":"Identificação de fontes de geração de resíduos sólidos em uma unidade de alimentação e nutrição","authors":"Mariana Gardin Alves, Mariko Ueno","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1640","url":null,"abstract":"Collective food service is considered a major source of food waste. In order to acquire detailed data of food loss and waste generation in this sector, the waste of one Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU) was classified into categories: inventory losses and storage losses in food processing, distribution and return. The study sought to identify and quantify the waste generated over five days at a FNU located inside an automobile parts manufacturing shop in the city of Taubate, SP, and we proposed an action plan to reduce the environmental impact based upon the three r's principle. In order to serve 2,740 meals, 486.6 kg of solid waste were generated, resulting in an average per capita of 0.177 kg / day of waste. The waste was distributed as follows: 58.0% in food processing, 31.9% in returns and 10.1% in stock and storage. Of the total solid waste, 85% was organic compounds of unwanted portions of vegetables and meat, food scraps, leftovers from dinners, expired food and food samples, and 15% was composed of waste paper/cardboard, plastics and cans. The largest waste generation was due to the disposal of inedible food, food scraps produced and rest-intake, these results are related to waste food, 100% intended for composting. As for the other waste, 80% was destined for recycling and 20% was taken to the landfill.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"10 1","pages":"874-888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coastal areas provide important benefits to humans in terms of food resources and ecosystem services. At the same time, human activities can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health. Thus, control of watershed pollution is both necessary and essential in order to reduce and systematically eliminate the detrimental consequences that are evident in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The present study investigated the distribution of metals at the Guandu Watershed. Five sampling sites were selected for the soil analysis. Samples were collected from February 2013 to December 2014 and analysed for concentrations of As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co, using ICP. For control, some samples were used in uncontaminated areas outside the direct effect of chemical industries. The data indicate the presence of metals at the research sites. While the levels of contamination are still slightly below the peak concentrations established by Brazilian legislation, they are approaching levels of concern, particularly with regard to As, Cd, Pb and Cr. The results indicate that the use of water from the Guandu Watershed for recreational purposes and fishing is harmful to both human health and the environment.
{"title":"Distribution and contamination of metals in the soil of Guandu Watershed","authors":"A. Ferreira","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1639","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal areas provide important benefits to humans in terms of food resources and ecosystem services. At the same time, human activities can have significant negative impacts on ecosystem health. Thus, control of watershed pollution is both necessary and essential in order to reduce and systematically eliminate the detrimental consequences that are evident in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The present study investigated the distribution of metals at the Guandu Watershed. Five sampling sites were selected for the soil analysis. Samples were collected from February 2013 to December 2014 and analysed for concentrations of As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co, using ICP. For control, some samples were used in uncontaminated areas outside the direct effect of chemical industries. The data indicate the presence of metals at the research sites. While the levels of contamination are still slightly below the peak concentrations established by Brazilian legislation, they are approaching levels of concern, particularly with regard to As, Cd, Pb and Cr. The results indicate that the use of water from the Guandu Watershed for recreational purposes and fishing is harmful to both human health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"10 1","pages":"758-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Skoronski, A. Ferrari, Mylena Fernandes, C. Ely, Jair J. João
This paper show the performance of a full scale Fenton reactor used to phenol removal in a plant valorization of waste from pulp and paper industry. The effluent consists in vegetal oil and phenol. The treatment plant is designed to treat 4 m3 h-1 and is constituted by a pre-treatment to oil removal, Fenton reactor and extended aeration tank. For the evaluation of the treatment plant, it was considerate the internal and external analysis of the effluent. The overall efficiency of phenol removal is higher than 99,70 %. It was demonstrated that the combination between biological and advanced oxidative process is one interesting arranged in order to removal recalcitrant contaminants.
{"title":"Performance of a full scale Fenton reactor used to remove phenol in a plant valorization of waste from pulp and paper industry","authors":"E. Skoronski, A. Ferrari, Mylena Fernandes, C. Ely, Jair J. João","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1638","url":null,"abstract":"This paper show the performance of a full scale Fenton reactor used to phenol removal in a plant valorization of waste from pulp and paper industry. The effluent consists in vegetal oil and phenol. The treatment plant is designed to treat 4 m3 h-1 and is constituted by a pre-treatment to oil removal, Fenton reactor and extended aeration tank. For the evaluation of the treatment plant, it was considerate the internal and external analysis of the effluent. The overall efficiency of phenol removal is higher than 99,70 %. It was demonstrated that the combination between biological and advanced oxidative process is one interesting arranged in order to removal recalcitrant contaminants.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"10 1","pages":"863-873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ednaldo Miranda de Oliveira, Jair Soares Da Silva Filho, R. A. D. Oliveira, Reginaldo Miranda de Oliveira, P. Cecon, A. C. Cóser
O estudo da interacao entre nitrogenio, potassio e quantidade de agua sao importantes na definicao das doses ideais desses fatores, a fim de otimizar a producao das forragem. Assim, teve-se como objetivo neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aplicacao de diferentes lâminas de agua e doses de nitrogenio e potassio, na producao do capim Tanzânia, no sul do Estado do Tocantins. Para estudar a influencia das lâminas de agua e das combinacoes das doses de N e K2O no capim, nos periodos seco e chuvoso do ano, determinou-se ao longo do experimento a producao de forragem. A maxima produtividade no mesmo periodo foi de 8.706 kg ha-1, com a dose de 576,79 kg ha-1 de N: 0,8 K2O e lâmina de agua de 116% ETc, resultando em aumento de 246%. No periodo chuvoso, a menor produtividade foi de 6.815 kg ha-1, com dose de 100 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N: 0,8 K2O, na ausencia da irrigacao. A maior produtividade no mesmo periodo foi de 11.710 kg ha-1, com a dose estimada de 672,9 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N: 0,8 K2O e lâmina de agua aplicada de 120% da ETc, resultando em um aumento de 71,8%. Concluiu-se entao nesse trabalho que a produtividade maxima de materia seca estimada com as equacoes ajustadas foi de 20.216 kg ha-1 ano-1 obtida com lâmina de agua aplicada igual a 949 mm e com a aplicacao de 630 kg ha-1 ano-1 da mistura de nitrogenio e potassio na proporcao de uma unidade de nitrogenio para 0,8 unidades de potassio.
研究氮、钾和水量之间的相互作用对于确定这些因素的最佳剂量，以优化牧草生产具有重要意义。因此，本研究的目的是评价不同水深和氮、钾用量对托坎廷斯州南部坦桑尼亚草生产的影响。为了研究水深和氮、K2O组合对干旱期和雨季牧草产量的影响，在试验过程中确定了牧草产量。同期最大产量为8.706 kg hm - 2，施氮量为576.79 kg hm - 2: 0.8 K2O，水深为116%等，提高246%。在雨季，在不灌溉的情况下，100 kg hm -1年施氮量为0.8 K2O时，产量最低为6.815 kg hm -1。同期产量最高的是11710 kg hm -1，估计施氮量为672.9 kg hm -1年-1，施氮量为0.8 K2O，水深为120% ETc，增幅为71.8%。结果发现所以的工作效率极大值估计干物质和equacoes调整是20216公斤1年1获得叶片应用水等于949毫米和630公顷的应用1年的nitrogenio混合物和钾的比例nitrogenio 0 8单位,单位钾。
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G. Labuto, Bianca Trama, Geison Castro da Silveira Gueller, Bruna de Souza Guarnieri, F. Silva, Roberta Collazo
This study evaluated the biosorption of Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ at pHs 3, 4, 5 and 6 for Saccharomyces cerevisiae both alive and biologically inactivated by different heating procedures (oven, autoclave or spray dry technique originated from alcohol industry). The material inactivated by autoclave (IA, at 120°C, 30 min) had the best performance for metals uptake: 1.88 ± 0.07 (Cu 2+ ), 2.22 ± 0.02 (Cr 3+ ) and 1.57 ± 0.08 g kg -1 (Pb 2+ ). For Cd 2+ ; while the material inactivated by spray dry (RY) presented the higher sorption capacity, 2.30 ± 0.08 g kg -1 . The sorption studies showed that the biosorbent materials presented different sorption capacities and an ideal sorption pH. The sorption sites were investigated by potentiometric titration and FT-IR and showed that different heating processes used to inactivate biological samples produce materials with different characteristics and with a diverse sorption capacity due to modification of the available sorption sites. This suggests that inactivation by heating can be an alternative to improve the performance of biosorbents. The main sorption sites for each material were phenolic for live yeast (LY) and carboxylic for yeast inactivated by heating in an autoclave (IA).
本研究评估了不同加热方法(源于酒精工业的烘箱、高压灭菌或喷雾干燥技术)对活菌和灭活菌在ph值3、4、5和6处对Cd +、cr3 +、pb2 +和cu2 +的生物吸附。经高压灭菌器(IA, 120°C, 30 min)灭活的材料对金属的吸收性能最佳:1.88±0.07 (Cu 2+)， 2.22±0.02 (Cr 3+)和1.57±0.08 g kg -1 (Pb 2+)。对于cd2 +;喷雾干燥法(RY)的吸附量较高，为2.30±0.08 g kg -1。吸附研究表明，不同的生物吸附材料具有不同的吸附能力和理想的吸附ph值。通过电位滴定法和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对吸附部位进行了研究，结果表明，不同的加热工艺对生物样品失活产生的材料具有不同的特性和不同的吸附能力，这是由于有效的吸附部位发生了改变。这表明，通过加热灭活可以是提高生物吸附剂性能的另一种选择。每种材料的主要吸附位点为酚类(LY)和羧类(IA)，前者用于活酵母(LY)，后者用于高压灭菌(IA)灭活酵母(IA)。
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Knowledge of the true amount of officially granted use of water and the spatial distribution of water usage in a watershed has become indispensable for the appropriate management of water resources. In this process, the use of indexes allows for the identification of possible water use conflicts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
{"title":"Índices para a gestão e planejamento de recursos hídricos na bacia do rio Paraopeba, Estado de Minas Gerais","authors":"B. Silva, D. D. D. Silva, M. C. Moreira","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1597","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the true amount of officially granted use of water and the spatial distribution of water usage in a watershed has become indispensable for the appropriate management of water resources. In this process, the use of indexes allows for the identification of possible water use conflicts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"10 1","pages":"685-697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70665308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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