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Design Approach of an Integrated SiC-Inverter for an Electric Aircraft 电动飞机集成sic逆变器的设计方法
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114813
Dirk Fischer, Robert Rohn, R. Mallwitz
This paper describes features of an SiC-inverter for aviation. It is designed to work in an integrated manner close to the corresponding motor and propeller, sharing a common cooling system and suiting the geometrical conditions within the nacelle. Some design aspects are examined in detail, such as the distributed DC-link, serving the complex geometry of the power modules with very low stray inductance. Control strategies for the symmetrical, six-phase systems are explained. Prototype measurements are given to underline some design aspects. The complete system is designed to fulfill flight requirements and is to be approved in a wind tunnel test environment.
本文介绍了一种航空用sic逆变器的特点。它被设计成与相应的电机和螺旋桨紧密结合,共享一个共同的冷却系统,并适应机舱内的几何条件。详细研究了一些设计方面,例如分布式直流链路,服务于具有极低杂散电感的功率模块的复杂几何形状。解释了对称六相系统的控制策略。原型测量给出强调一些设计方面。整个系统的设计是为了满足飞行要求,并将在风洞测试环境中得到批准。
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引用次数: 0
Normalised flux weakening control technique acting on the actual speed for automotive dual three-phase IPMSMs 汽车双三相永磁同步电动机实际转速的归一化磁链弱化控制技术
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114843
A. Navarro-Temoche, E. Ibarra, I. Kortabarria, A. Sierra-González, I. Elósegui
In this paper, a flux weakening control strategy based on a vector space decomposition (VSD) model is proposed for asymmetrical dual three-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs). This strategy consists of a voltage magnitude feedback loop which varies the actual speed when enters in flux weakening mode or deviations occur in the electrical parameters of the machine, providing additional robustness. Validity of the proposal is demonstrated by simulations carried out over standardised driving cycles, taking into account parameter mismatches.
针对非对称双三相内嵌式永磁同步电机,提出了一种基于矢量空间分解(VSD)模型的磁链弱化控制策略。该策略由电压幅值反馈回路组成,当进入磁链减弱模式或机器电气参数发生偏差时,该回路会改变实际速度,从而提供额外的鲁棒性。在考虑参数不匹配的情况下,通过在标准化驾驶循环中进行的仿真验证了该方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Online Loss Reduction of Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Quad-Active Bridge Converters 隔离型双向DC-DC四有源桥式变换器的在线损耗降低
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114825
Ahmed A. Ibrahim, T. Caldognetto, D. Biadene, P. Mattavelli
Isolated multi-port converters can interconnect several sources and loads operating at different voltage levels by their ports, with the advantage of galvanic isolation and shared magnetics. However, challenges exist for such converters, due to coupling between the ports, the high number of modulation variables, and, in general, their modeling complexity. This paper discusses the operation of the quad-active bridge (QAB) and presents its improved operation by a model-free four-dimensional ripple correlation control (4D-RCC). First, fundamental component analysis of the converter is carried out for the QAB, driving a decoupling matrix that ensures good closed-loop control performance for each port individually. Then, the 4D-RCC is presented in the case of the QAB to perform an online optimization of the overall converter efficiency. The presented optimization exploits orthogonal signals for the simultaneous adjustment of the duty-cycles of the four ports of the QAB. The validation of the analytical results and the proposed optimization approach are reported by Matlab/Simulink simulations and experimental results considering a converter prototype rated 5kW.
隔离多端口转换器可以通过其端口互连在不同电压水平下运行的多个源和负载,具有电流隔离和共享磁力的优势。然而,由于端口之间的耦合、大量的调制变量以及通常的建模复杂性,这种转换器存在挑战。本文讨论了四有源电桥(QAB)的工作原理,并通过无模型四维纹波相关控制(4D-RCC)改进了四有源电桥的工作原理。首先,对QAB进行了转换器的基本成分分析,驱动解耦矩阵,确保每个端口单独具有良好的闭环控制性能。然后,在QAB的情况下,提出了4D-RCC,对变换器的整体效率进行了在线优化。所提出的优化利用正交信号同时调整QAB的四个端口的占空比。以额定功率为5kW的变换器样机为例,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和实验结果验证了分析结果和所提出的优化方法。
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引用次数: 1
Performance Analysis of a Cell Equalizer based on a Multiple Active Bridge 基于多有源电桥的小区均衡器性能分析
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114886
E. D. Fazio, Francesco Porpora, M. Di Monaco, G. Tomasso
Cell-to-cell voltage imbalance represents a key issue that limits the usable capacity of a battery pack and increases the risks of possible hazard conditions. Active cell equalization circuits integrated within the architecture of Battery Management Systems (BMSs) strongly contribute in reducing and mitigating the occurrence of imbalance conditions by transferring energy between the most charged cells and the least charged ones. However, the adoption of active equalizers for lithium-ion battery systems is currently limited by incomplete knowledge regarding their actual performances and ranges of operability. In this paper, a cell equalizer based on a Multiple Active Bridge (MAB) converter has been investigated and an experimental prototype has been developed with the aim of quantitatively evaluating its performances considering different imbalance conditions. A Hardware-In-the-Loop approach based on an experimentally-calibrated lithium-ion cell has been implemented in order to correctly compare the performances of the cell equalizer avoiding the impact of thermal gradients and aging conditions among the cells. Experimental results have been carried out and different performance parameters have been defined for the analysis, including the residual voltage imbalance at the end of the equalization process, the energy efficiency and the equalization time.
电池间电压不平衡是一个关键问题,它限制了电池组的可用容量,并增加了潜在危险条件的风险。集成在电池管理系统(bms)架构中的有源电池均衡电路通过在电量最大的电池和电量最少的电池之间传递能量,对减少和减轻不平衡状况的发生有重要贡献。然而,由于对锂离子电池系统的实际性能和可操作性范围的不完全了解,目前对主动均衡器的采用受到了限制。本文研究了一种基于多有源桥(MAB)变换器的单元均衡器,并开发了实验样机,目的是定量评价其在不同不平衡条件下的性能。为了正确比较电池均衡器的性能,避免电池之间的热梯度和老化条件的影响,采用了一种基于实验校准锂离子电池的硬件在环方法。进行了实验结果,并定义了不同的性能参数进行分析,包括均衡过程结束时的剩余电压不平衡,能量效率和均衡时间。
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引用次数: 0
Capacitor Voltage Balancing of Four-Level ANPC and π-type Converters Based on Simplified Virtual-VectorPWM 基于简化虚拟矢量pwm的四电平ANPC和π型变换器电容电压平衡
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114865
M. A. Qamar, Àlber Filbà-Martínez, S. Busquets-Monge, Wang Kui
Multilevel $pi$ -type and ANPC converters without flying capacitors and clamping diodes are emerging candidates for industrial applications due to their simple structure, less number of devices, and better harmonic performance. However, the voltage balancing difficulty is the key issue of these topologies similar to diode-clamped topology under conventional PWM methods. The unbalance of capacitors voltages may affect the system integrity and stability, and may degrade harmonic performance. To sort out this issue, a simplified virtual vector PWM method to balance the dc-link capacitors voltage of four-level three-phase $pi$ -type and ANPC converters is presented in this paper. Simulation results show how easily and efficiently the proposed method can control the voltage of the capacitors for different modulation index values under balanced and unbalanced loads.
没有飞行电容器和箝位二极管的多电平$pi$型和ANPC转换器因其结构简单,器件数量少,谐波性能更好而成为工业应用的新兴候选人。然而,电压平衡困难是这些拓扑的关键问题,类似于传统PWM方法下的二极管箝位拓扑。电容器电压的不平衡会影响系统的完整性和稳定性,并可能降低谐波性能。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种简化的虚拟矢量PWM方法来平衡四电平三相$pi$型和ANPC变换器的直流电容电压。仿真结果表明,在平衡负载和不平衡负载下,该方法可以轻松有效地控制不同调制指标值下电容器的电压。
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引用次数: 0
Simplified Modelling and Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter for Future Electrified Aerospace Application 面向未来电气化航天应用的双有源桥式变换器简化建模与控制
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114863
Xingyu Yan, Yiren Zhu, Zhenyu Wang, Tao Yang, S. Bozhko, P. Wheeler
Dual active bridge converter (DAB) is an important power electronics in the DC distribution system of electric aircraft. It is used to convert generated high DC voltage to lower DC voltage, and it can be used between battery and low voltage bus to stabilize the supplied DC power. This paper proposes a modelling and control method for the DAB converter to regulate the load voltage. It uses a simplified method by focusing only on the fundamental component of the square waves of DAB converter. And the controlled object of this method is the square of load voltage which makes it simpler than the conventional method. The simulated results of the controlled system are also presented in the paper.
双有源桥式变换器(DAB)是电动飞机直流配电系统中重要的电力电子器件。它用于将产生的高直流电压转换为较低的直流电压,并可用于电池和低压母线之间,以稳定供电的直流电源。本文提出了一种DAB变换器对负载电压进行调节的建模和控制方法。它采用了一种简化的方法,只关注DAB变换器的方波基本分量。该方法的控制对象为负载电压的平方,比传统方法简单。文中还给出了控制系统的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 0
Water Transport Decarbonization: Preliminary Case Study in Venice 水运脱碳:威尼斯初步案例研究
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114836
Alessandro Saldarini, Cristiano Colombo, M. Longo, M. Brenna, S. Miraftabzadeh, W. Yaici
In order to improve the current existing water public transport service, this paper aims to electrification of water taxis in Venice, a widely used means of transportation in the lagoon city by tourists. In particular, the section that connects San Marco square to Marco Polo airport, which is the one with the longest distance, is analyzed. Following a brief introduction to landscape water transport and its infrastructure in the city of Venice, this paper presents the modeling of the electric water taxi taking into account the needs and peculiarities of the boat and of the city itself. Subsequently, an agent-based approach using the AnyLogic software tool simulates the round trip, calculating energy consumption and analyzing the state of charge profile.
为了改善现有的水上公共交通服务,本文的目标是将威尼斯的水上出租车电气化,这是游客在泻湖城市中广泛使用的交通工具。特别是对距离最远的圣马可广场到马可波罗机场的路段进行了分析。在简要介绍了威尼斯城市的景观水运及其基础设施之后,本文提出了考虑到船和城市本身的需求和特点的电动水上出租车的建模。随后,使用AnyLogic软件工具,采用基于代理的方法模拟了往返过程,计算了能量消耗并分析了电荷分布状态。
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引用次数: 0
The Maritime Sector in the Electric Energy Markets 电力能源市场中的海事部门
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114842
Anastastios Manos, D. Lyridis, J. Prousalidis
This paper discusses the new challenges from the entrepreneurial point of view raised due to the electrification of ships and ports within the framework of a global effort to reduce emissions, among others, in the maritime sector. Within this context, alternatives ways that the maritime business can work in a framework of open electric energy markets are discussed, while a proposed innovative idea planned to be implemented in Greece is also presented.
本文从创业的角度讨论了由于船舶和港口电气化在全球努力减少排放的框架内所带来的新挑战,其中包括海事部门。在此背景下,讨论了海事业务在开放电力能源市场框架下工作的替代方式,同时还提出了计划在希腊实施的拟议创新理念。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation and Optimisation of Urban Rail Transit Lifecycle Energy Saving in Coordinating Section Running Time and Slope 协调路段运行时间与坡度的城市轨道交通全生命周期节能研究与优化
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114900
Haoran Geng, M. Miyatake
Besides operation, railway operators are tending to focus on energy saving from construction recently, which can lead to cost saving. Among them, the most representative means are energy saving slope and section running time optimisation. This paper proposed an energy economy method that coordinating optimise the section running time and the energy saving slope of gradient. The double layer optimisation model, includes model of train energy efficient operation and the coordinating optimisation model, is be formulated. Dynamic programming and traverse calculation are used to solve the optimal solution, respectively. The result shows the energy saving slop not always effectively and the coordinating optimisation can significantly improve the energy saving effect.
除了运营之外,铁路运营商最近也倾向于关注建设中的节能,这可以节省成本。其中,最具代表性的手段是节能坡面和断面运行时间优化。提出了一种协调优化分段运行时间和坡度节能斜率的节能方法。建立了双层优化模型,包括列车节能运行模型和协调优化模型。采用动态规划和遍历计算分别求解最优解。结果表明,节能斜坡并不总是有效的,协调优化可以显著提高节能效果。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent Driver Monitoring System for Safe Driving 安全驾驶智能驾驶员监控系统
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114838
Adarsh Vijay
More than 80 percent of collisions will result from the driver's negligence brought on by drunkenness and drowsiness. Numerous monitoring systems based on machine learning are being included in some cars. All these innovations are made in new automobiles as technology advances at a supersonic rate but leave a lot of empty spaces in each breakthrough. However, no single mechanism is now in place to assess the driver's identification, level of intoxication, and drowsiness. So this paper proposes a feasible system for monitoring real-time driver's wellness: “Intelligent driver monitoring System for safe driving” which gives suitable warnings and notifications to the user and the authority if necessary. This system includes authentication of the user followed by Drunkenness detection and Drowsiness detection. The user can interact with the Graphical user interface and the camera provided in the automobile frequently monitors the driver using Machine learning and neural network techniques, this checking method is implemented. This multi-model system uses many layers in Convolution neural network model and 92 percent accuracy is shown throughout the testing phase so that this system can replace any existing system which is only based on single models.
80%以上的交通事故是由于醉酒和困倦导致的司机疏忽造成的。许多基于机器学习的监控系统被安装在一些汽车上。所有这些创新都是在新汽车上实现的,因为技术以超音速发展,但每次突破都会留下很多空白。然而,目前还没有单一的机制来评估司机的身份、醉酒程度和困倦。因此,本文提出了一种可行的实时监控驾驶员健康的系统:“安全驾驶智能驾驶员监控系统”,该系统在必要时向用户和当局发出适当的警告和通知。该系统包括用户认证、醉酒检测和困倦检测。用户可以与图形用户界面进行交互,汽车提供的摄像头利用机器学习和神经网络技术对驾驶员进行频繁监控,实现了这种检测方法。该多模型系统使用多层卷积神经网络模型,在整个测试阶段显示出92%的准确率,因此该系统可以取代任何仅基于单一模型的现有系统。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
AUS
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