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La sostenibilidad y la innovación como nuevos principios para la construcción de bordes urbanos 可持续发展和创新是城市边缘建设的新原则
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.4206/aus.2023.n33-05
Fabián Adolfo Aguilera-Martínez, Marielena Medina-Ruiz
Hablar de urbanismo contemporáneo es entender la actual ciudad latinoamericana, es decir, comprender que el fenómeno de ocupación de la ciudad está expuesto a un sinnúmero de externalidades y que el impacto sobre los bordes y las áreas suburbanas solo ha dejado marginalidad, segregación y altos índices de precariedad social, ambiental y humana. Alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible como el “deber ser” para el territorio nos demanda un estudio consiente con el fin de encontrar estrategias que permitan la implementación y alcanzar metas para ciudades más prosperas para el año 2030. A partir de la deducción “practica” del urbanismo como disciplina, se han logrado identificar cuatro indicadores relevantes que permiten hablar de desarrollo sostenible desde una visión más social, con ideas de valor, dentro de un marco de fortalecimiento comunitario, y superando el grado de fragmentación que constantemente muestra la ciudad en su periferia. La prosperidad, la inclusión, la apropiación y la adaptación han sido definidas como índices alternativos para medir la sostenibilidad del territorio y la capacidad de innovación en pro del crecimiento y el desarrollo social y urbano. Al final se encuentra un instrumento que permite cuantificar con más profundidad el impacto que los asentamientos de borde tienen sobre las áreas suburbanas para así planificar la ciudad desde un modelo prospectivo.
谈论当代都市生活是理解当前拉丁美洲城市,即了解厄尔尼诺现象会占领城市是暴露在无数的因素,影响边框和缝隙只留下了贫困地区、隔离和高稳定社会、环境和人类。实现可持续发展作为领土的“必须”,需要进行认真的研究,以便找到战略,使实施和实现2030年更繁荣城市的目标。扣除“练习曲”起城市作为一门,均取得鉴定四个重要指标能够谈论可持续发展从一个更完整的社会价值与思想的框架内,加强社区,并克服分散程度不断展现城市的郊区。繁荣、包容、所有权和适应被定义为衡量领土可持续性和创新能力的替代指标,以促进增长、社会和城市发展。最后,我们发现了一种工具,可以更深入地量化边缘定居点对郊区的影响,从而从前瞻性模型规划城市。
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引用次数: 0
Habitar la informalidad multicultural: repensar la política habitacional desde el macrocampamento Los Arenales 居住在多元文化的非正规性中:从Los Arenales宏观营地反思住房政策
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.4206/aus.2023.n33-06
Francisco Vergara-Perucich, Macarena Barramuño
El macrocampamento Los Arenales es una aglomeración que, en 2022, ya reúne a más de 2000 hogares, en su mayoría compuestos por inmigrantes asentados en el sector norte de la ciudad de Antofagasta. Esta compleja entidad territorial se ha instalado como un espacio urbano destacado internacionalmente por su organización comunitaria –a pesar de las complejidades– en la lucha por el derecho a la vivienda. El presente artículo elabora una interpretación de los discursos de las lideresas comunitarias de Los Arenales para contribuir a informar los procesos y los significados detrás de la formación de un asentamiento informal de alta complejidad. Con ello, el artículo ayuda a repensar la política habitacional en Chile desde las comunidades en situación precaria. Se logra identificar que existe una capacidad creativa de producción social del hábitat que podría ser la base de una política habitacional centrada en recursos que se entregan a las comunidades para que estas produzcan sus propios espacios en modo cooperativo y con asistencia técnica.
Los Arenales大营地是一个聚集区,到2022年,它已经聚集了2000多个家庭,其中大多数是定居在安托法加斯塔市北部地区的移民。这一复杂的领土实体已成为其社区组织在争取住房权的斗争中所强调的国际城市空间,尽管存在复杂性。这篇文章解释了洛斯阿雷纳莱斯社区领导人的讲话,以帮助了解形成高度复杂的非正式定居点的过程和意义。因此,这篇文章有助于从处境不稳定的社区重新思考智利的住房政策。成功地确定了生境的创造性社会生产能力,这可能是一项住房政策的基础,该政策的重点是向社区提供资源,使社区能够在技术援助下合作生产自己的空间。
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引用次数: 0
Análisis comparativo en la rehabilitación de envolvente térmica de cerramientos educacionales con criterio ambiental 环境标准下教育场所围护结构热修复的比较分析
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.4206/aus.2023.n33-02
Rodrigo Muñoz-Rojas, Rodrigo Figueroa-San Martín, Gerardo Saelzer-Fuica
Esta investigación busca verificar la huella de carbono (HC) en envolvente térmica de los cerramientos para proyectos de rehabilitación en infraestructura educacional, utilizando el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV). El análisis comparativo de los casos se enfoca en materiales aislantes de origen vegetal, mineral y sintético. Los resultados indican que los valores de HC en soluciones comparadas disminuyen solo ahí donde se utiliza aislante térmico local, como el caso de celulosa proyectada y poliestireno expandido (EPS). Las soluciones con aislantes importados de HC negativa en la fase de extracción-fabricación (como losa de corcho o lana de roca), aumentan su huella en la fase de construcción hasta en tres veces respecto de soluciones locales debido a la incidencia del transporte. Se concluye que el impacto del transporte en la construcción de envolventes aumenta considerablemente las emisiones de CO2 en el ciclo de vida del proyecto, siendo los aislantes locales la solución más sustentable.
这项研究旨在使用生命周期分析(LCA)验证教育基础设施修复项目关闭的热环境中的碳足迹(HC)。对这些案件的比较分析侧重于植物、矿物和合成绝缘材料。结果表明,仅在使用局部隔热材料的情况下,如投影纤维素和膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS),比较溶液中的HC值才会下降。由于运输的影响,在提取-制造阶段(如软木地板或岩棉)使用进口HC负绝缘体的解决方案在施工阶段的占地面积比当地解决方案增加了三倍。得出的结论是,运输对围护结构建设的影响大大增加了项目生命周期中的二氧化碳排放,当地的绝缘体是最可持续的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Storage System Hybridization Algorithm for Mobility Applications Based on Future Battery and Fuel Cell Technologies 基于未来电池和燃料电池技术的移动应用储能系统混合算法
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114853
Bruno Lemoine, P. Caliandro, T. Wannemacher, Nils Baumann, A. Vezzini
Shifting the mobility paradigm from fossil fuel to electric propulsion system poses several challenges to a large extent attributed to the low energy density of storage systems. However, technology improvements and an accurate combination of new propulsion systems can facilitate the electrification of the mobility sector. For the first time, a hybridization algorithm is developed to evaluate the optimal configuration of future Energy Storage System (ESS) to facilitate the design of systems such as aircrafts or ships. The algorithm is based on operational behaviors and high-level performances to determine the optimal solution through a standard random search of the input variables. To feed the algorithm, forecasts including estimated performances are carried out on new energy storage technologies such as Fuel Cells (FCs), batteries, and hydrogen storage. The hybridization algorithm is then applied to the design of a 50 passengers' regional electric aircraft in 2040. The results suggest that the best ESS includes a Solid-State Battery (SSB) of 457 kWh, a 1788 $mathbf{kW}$ Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) plant and consumes 190.9 kg of hydrogen. This configuration appears to be the optimal trade-off to minimize weight, volume, and costs.
从化石燃料到电力推进系统的移动模式的转变带来了一些挑战,很大程度上归因于存储系统的低能量密度。然而,技术进步和新推进系统的精确组合可以促进移动领域的电气化。首次提出了一种混合算法来评估未来储能系统(ESS)的最佳配置,以方便飞机或船舶等系统的设计。该算法基于操作行为和高级性能,通过对输入变量的标准随机搜索来确定最优解。为了给算法提供信息,对燃料电池(fc)、电池和氢存储等新能源存储技术进行了包括估计性能在内的预测。然后将混合算法应用于2040年的50座支线电动飞机的设计。结果表明,最佳ESS包括一个457千瓦时的固态电池(SSB),一个1788美元的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)装置,消耗190.9千克氢。这种配置似乎是最小化重量、体积和成本的最佳选择。
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引用次数: 0
Brazilian Engineering Research Center for the Aerial Mobility of the Future 巴西未来空中机动性工程研究中心
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114814
D. Rade, Luciano J. Pedrote dos Santos, J. Pomilio, R. G. Annes da Silva, Carlos Henrique C. Ribeiro, A. R. de Faria, E. Villani
The paper describes the constitution of the Engineering Research Center for the Aerial Mobility of the Future (ERC-AMF) having ITA as the host institution, Embraer as the industrial partner, and researchers from the University of São Paulo and the University of Campinas. The objective of the ERC-AMF is the realization of R&D to contribute to overcoming challenges to the shaping of aerial mobility in the upcoming decades. These challenges arise from the necessity of reducing pollutant and noise emissions, and the need for increased efficiency of manufacturing processes, besides the trend of introducing in the market novel aircraft adapted for operation in urban environments and short-range travels. Five research areas are focused on the first operation phase of the Center: Machine Control for Electric Propulsion; Aeropropulsion Integration in Electric Aircraft; Methods for Decision Making in Autonomous Systems; Advanced Design for Metallic Additive Manufacturing; and Intelligent Aircraft Final Assembly. Each line will be developed by researchers from partner universities and engineers from Embraer. It is expected that the Center will contribute to the appropriation, by the Brazilian aeronautical industry, of scientific and technological knowledge generated, and, as a result, increase its preparedness to face challenges that shall be overcome in the process of shaping the aerial mobility of the upcoming decades.
该论文描述了未来空中机动性工程研究中心(ERC-AMF)的组成,该中心由ITA作为主办机构,巴西航空工业公司作为工业合作伙伴,以及来自圣保罗大学和坎皮纳斯大学的研究人员组成。ERC-AMF的目标是实现研发,以帮助克服未来几十年塑造空中机动性的挑战。这些挑战来自于减少污染物和噪音排放的必要性,以及提高制造过程效率的需要,以及在市场上推出适合在城市环境和短途旅行中运行的新型飞机的趋势。中心第一运行阶段的五个研究领域为:电力推进机械控制;电动飞机的航空推进集成;自治系统中的决策方法研究金属增材制造的先进设计智能飞机总装。每条生产线都将由合作大学的研究人员和巴西航空工业公司的工程师共同开发。预计该中心将有助于巴西航空工业利用所产生的科学和技术知识,并因此加强其准备,以面对在塑造未来几十年空中机动性的过程中应克服的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
No-Load Characteristic Computation for Wound Field Synchronous Propulsion Motors 绕线磁场同步推进电动机空载特性计算
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114874
Federica Graffeo, S. Vaschetto, A. Tenconi, A. Cavagnino
This paper presents a fully analytical procedure for the computation of the no-load characteristic of salient-pole wound field synchronous machines. The proposed method consists of applying the Ampere's law to the magnetic circuit along the d-axis divided into five different parts. The procedure considers the magnetic shunt of the stator slots and the distortion of the air gap flux density caused by the lamination saturation. Moreover, the waveform of the air gap flux density also takes into account the anisotropic shape of the rotor pole. The procedure has been validated by means of finite elements simulations on two different machines.
本文给出了一种计算凸极绕线励磁同步电机空载特性的全解析方法。所提出的方法包括将安培定律应用于沿d轴分为五个不同部分的磁路。该程序考虑了定子槽的磁分流和层压饱和引起的气隙磁通密度畸变。此外,气隙磁通密度的波形还考虑了转子极的各向异性形状。在两台不同的机器上进行了有限元模拟,验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Fuel Switch to Methanol on the Design of an all Electric Cruise Ship 燃料转换为甲醇对全电动游轮设计的影响
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114852
S. Bertagna, V. Bucci, A. Marinò, G. Sulligoi, A. Vicenzutti
Current climate change policies require the reduction of both greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions of the marine sector. To achieve such a goal, the use of non-fossil fuels is one of the proposed solutions. Specifically, methanol has several advantages in respect to other fuels (both fossil and non-fossil), providing a feasible near-term solution for a more sustainable maritime transport. However, since methanol presents different characteristics in respect to actual fossil fuels, it is required to carefully evaluate the effect of its onboard integration on a ship to determine both the technical and economic feasibility of transitioning the onboard power production to such a fuel. The study presented in this paper analyzes the consequences deriving from equipping a modern all electric expedition cruise ship with methanol fuel, considering both technical and economic aspects.
当前的气候变化政策要求减少海洋部门的温室气体和污染物排放。为了实现这一目标,使用非化石燃料是提出的解决方案之一。具体来说,相对于其他燃料(包括化石燃料和非化石燃料),甲醇有几个优势,为更可持续的海上运输提供了可行的短期解决方案。然而,由于甲醇在实际化石燃料方面呈现出不同的特性,因此需要仔细评估其在船上集成对船舶的影响,以确定将船上电力生产过渡到这种燃料的技术和经济可行性。本文提出的研究分析了从装备甲醇燃料的现代全电动探险游轮所产生的后果,考虑到技术和经济方面。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical Model for Device Currents in 5-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter 五电平有源中性点箝位变换器器件电流解析模型
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114866
Daniel Zakzewski, Rakesh Resalayyan, A. Yadav, A. Khaligh
This paper presents a closed form analytical model for semiconductor and capacitor currents in a 5-Level Active Neutral Point Clamped Converter (5L-ANPC) topology. This model enables device selection, performance prediction, and design optimization of the topology. Models for the switch and FC currents are derived based on the topology's switching states. A model for input capacitor current is derived by analyzing the interaction of three phase legs of the topology. The model is verified using conventional time-domain switching simulation of the topology.
本文提出了5电平有源中性点箝位变换器(5L-ANPC)拓扑结构中半导体和电容电流的封闭解析模型。该模型支持器件选择、性能预测和拓扑设计优化。基于拓扑的开关状态,导出了开关电流和FC电流的模型。通过分析该拓扑中三相支路的相互作用,推导了输入电容电流的模型。利用传统的拓扑时域切换仿真对模型进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen-Fuelled Fixed-Wing RPAS. An Approach to Design and Size the Electrical Propulsion System 氢燃料固定翼RPAS。电力推进系统的设计与尺寸研究
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114828
Cirilo Delgado Asencio, J. M. Andújar Márquez, F. S. Manzano, Juan Mora Macías
The motivation of this work is given by the search for alternative solutions for the energy supply in aerial platforms, in a way that they are based on clean fuels and do not throw polluting emissions into the atmosphere. In this way, a hybrid electrical propulsion system has been designed, consisting of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a LiPo-type battery pack. The hydrogen-based propulsion system meets the take off and flight requirements of the aerial platform, improving the characteristics provided by previous versions. Therefore, the inclusion of hydrogen technology in the aeronautical field, despite presenting certain difficulties, arises as a viable solution with a long-term path, thanks to not only eliminate the fossil fuels dependence but also to increase endurance, reduce noise footprint and eliminate polluting emissions throw into the atmosphere.
这项工作的动机是为空中平台的能源供应寻找替代解决方案,以一种基于清洁燃料且不向大气中排放污染排放物的方式。通过这种方式,设计了一种混合电力推进系统,由聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFC)和一个脂质电池组组成。氢基推进系统满足空中平台的起飞和飞行要求,改进了以前版本提供的特性。因此,将氢技术纳入航空领域,尽管存在一定的困难,但由于不仅消除了对化石燃料的依赖,而且还增加了续航时间,减少了噪音足迹,消除了向大气中排放的污染物,因此成为一种可行的长期解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Inverter Emulator as Multi-Purpose Test System for Aerospace Electric Power Systems 逆变器仿真器作为航天电力系统多用途测试系统
Q3 Engineering
AUS
Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114810
S. Deda, Oliver König, Thomas Haidinger, Gernot Pammer
Electrification significantly increases the complexity of aerospace electric power systems (EPS), as there is a transition from conventional aircraft to more electric aircraft (MEA) and all electric aircraft (AEA) [1]. This publication shows a novel method to use Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) based inverter emulator (PHIL-IE) as an efficient test tool along the product life cycle. In early R&D phase the PHIL-IE can already fully emulate the future target inverter with full power under real life conditions. The same PHIL-IE with a modified HIL model can be used to test the target inverter. Finally, the PHIL-IE with a more complex HIL model can function as test unit to emulate batteries, H2-Systems, machines and more within an iron bird. In addition, this method is perfectly suitable for co-simulations of real electric components and digital twins.
电气化大大增加了航空航天电力系统(EPS)的复杂性,因为从传统飞机到更电动飞机(MEA)和全电动飞机(AEA)的过渡[1]。本出版物展示了一种使用基于电源硬件在环(PHIL)的逆变器仿真器(PHIL- ie)作为产品生命周期有效测试工具的新方法。在早期的研发阶段,phili - ie已经可以完全模拟未来目标逆变器在现实生活条件下的全功率。同样的PHIL-IE加上修改后的HIL模型可以用来测试目标逆变器。最后,具有更复杂HIL模型的PHIL-IE可以作为测试单元,在铁鸟中模拟电池,h2系统,机器等。此外,该方法完全适用于真实电子元件和数字孪生的联合仿真。
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引用次数: 0
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