Pub Date : 2022-03-25DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a4
Simon Trixl
{"title":"The biometry of prehistoric Alpine sheep: exploring four millennia of human-sheep interaction by means of osteometry","authors":"Simon Trixl","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49101920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a3
R. France
Inclusion of historical perspectives is considered necessary for the comprehensive assessment and management of complex social-ecological systems. Marine conservation biologists have increasingly recognized the value of non-traditional sources such as historical anecdotes as a way to estimate pre-anthropogenic baseline conditions in wildlife populations. The present study demonstrates that examination of eyewitness sightings of unidentified marine objects (UMOs), that were thought at the time to have been sea serpents of the “many-humped” or “string-of-buoys” typology, reveals that Australian marine fauna may have been victims of entanglement in fishing gear for a much longer period than is generally assumed. If this illation is correct, the onset of entanglement in Australia predates by many decades the advent and use of plastic in fisheries and other maritime operations in the later half of the twentieth century. Additionally, given the alarming global promulgation of pseudoscientific rhetoric, the present study offers a pedagogical opportunity in which to contrast alternative explanations of folklore and cryptozoology versus those of euhemerism and scientific parsimony. RÉSUMÉ
{"title":"From folkloric belief to fishery bycatch: contrasting cryptozoological and euhemeristic interpretations of Australian sea serpents","authors":"R. France","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a3","url":null,"abstract":"Inclusion of historical perspectives is considered necessary for the comprehensive assessment and management of complex social-ecological systems. Marine conservation biologists have increasingly recognized the value of non-traditional sources such as historical anecdotes as a way to estimate pre-anthropogenic baseline conditions in wildlife populations. The present study demonstrates that examination of eyewitness sightings of unidentified marine objects (UMOs), that were thought at the time to have been sea serpents of the “many-humped” or “string-of-buoys” typology, reveals that Australian marine fauna may have been victims of entanglement in fishing gear for a much longer period than is generally assumed. If this illation is correct, the onset of entanglement in Australia predates by many decades the advent and use of plastic in fisheries and other maritime operations in the later half of the twentieth century. Additionally, given the alarming global promulgation of pseudoscientific rhetoric, the present study offers a pedagogical opportunity in which to contrast alternative explanations of folklore and cryptozoology versus those of euhemerism and scientific parsimony. RÉSUMÉ","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47816879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a2
Andrea Guasparri
ABSTRACT This article provides a checklist of the aquatic animals the Romans appear to have recognized, including an overview of how they classified and named them. Indeed, in addition to providing scientific identifications of the animal referents and philological and/or linguistic data related to their names as they emerge in the ancient texts, the checklist focuses on ethnobiology. In particular, it provides ethnotaxonomic and ethnobiolinguistic data such as ethnotaxonomic rank and ethnobiological name typology (Conklin 1968; Berlin 1992) by which to reconstruct the actual folk taxa, i.e. the kinds or “groups of kinds” of animals each name covered in the ancient speakers' minds (but a few unnamed folk taxa have also emerged). In this respect, tree diagrams are used to represent at a glance the folk taxonomic knowledge of an ideal Roman as to the main higher-order groupings of aquatic animals they were familiar with. The results are analyzed and statistical data are provided as to various relevant ethnobiological variables. The findings accord with Berlin's universals, except for the number of additional levels where folk taxa of the life-form rank can be found, a characteristic already observed for aquatic animals in other folk taxonomies (Pawley 2006). From a more general zooanthropological perspective, these data suggest the Romans' familiarity with the aquatic world and its inhabitants, despite their traditional self-ascribed identity as peasants and soldiers.
{"title":"The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)","authors":"Andrea Guasparri","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides a checklist of the aquatic animals the Romans appear to have recognized, including an overview of how they classified and named them. Indeed, in addition to providing scientific identifications of the animal referents and philological and/or linguistic data related to their names as they emerge in the ancient texts, the checklist focuses on ethnobiology. In particular, it provides ethnotaxonomic and ethnobiolinguistic data such as ethnotaxonomic rank and ethnobiological name typology (Conklin 1968; Berlin 1992) by which to reconstruct the actual folk taxa, i.e. the kinds or “groups of kinds” of animals each name covered in the ancient speakers' minds (but a few unnamed folk taxa have also emerged). In this respect, tree diagrams are used to represent at a glance the folk taxonomic knowledge of an ideal Roman as to the main higher-order groupings of aquatic animals they were familiar with. The results are analyzed and statistical data are provided as to various relevant ethnobiological variables. The findings accord with Berlin's universals, except for the number of additional levels where folk taxa of the life-form rank can be found, a characteristic already observed for aquatic animals in other folk taxonomies (Pawley 2006). From a more general zooanthropological perspective, these data suggest the Romans' familiarity with the aquatic world and its inhabitants, despite their traditional self-ascribed identity as peasants and soldiers.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"19 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a1
V. Segura, M. Geiger, Tesla A. Monson, David A. Flores, M. Sánchez-Villagra
ABSTRACT Domestication had a dramatic influence on the cultural evolution of human histories, and on the biological evolution of domesticated species. Domestic dogs occurred earlier in the Americas than other domesticated animals. Older records in the continent come from North America, dated 11 000-8400 years BP, and in the Andes from 5600-5000 years BP. In order to present an overview of human-dog interaction in the Americas, and to identify gaps in knowledge of this subject, we reviewed 178 publications on zooarchaeological record of burials, genetics, morphology, and ethnological information of American dogs, revisiting the history and interactions across the continent. There is no evidence of an in situ dog initial domestication. Pre-Columbian diversity in North America includes at least three varieties, whereas in South America six varieties were documented. Historical descriptions of phenotypes (e.g., humped dog) may represent an expression associated with mutations. We find that archaeological, historical, and ethnographic records reveal non-traditional uses and hybridizations with other canids. For example, the Coast Salish people exploited woolly dogs for manufacturing blankets. Dog acquisition by some Amazonian cultures began towards the end of the nineteenth century. Overall more than 41 dog breeds originated in the Americas and are currently recognized by kennel clubs. The main gap in knowledge points to the relationships between American breeds, local hybridizations, migratory routes of dogs following Indigenous peoples' social networks, historical-cultural contexts, and quantification of morphological diversity. North and Central American dogs have been more intensively studied than those from the Amazon regions or Patagonia. We find that the history of domestication in the Americas is far from simple and integrative studies are needed.
{"title":"Biological and cultural history of domesticated dogs in the Americas","authors":"V. Segura, M. Geiger, Tesla A. Monson, David A. Flores, M. Sánchez-Villagra","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Domestication had a dramatic influence on the cultural evolution of human histories, and on the biological evolution of domesticated species. Domestic dogs occurred earlier in the Americas than other domesticated animals. Older records in the continent come from North America, dated 11 000-8400 years BP, and in the Andes from 5600-5000 years BP. In order to present an overview of human-dog interaction in the Americas, and to identify gaps in knowledge of this subject, we reviewed 178 publications on zooarchaeological record of burials, genetics, morphology, and ethnological information of American dogs, revisiting the history and interactions across the continent. There is no evidence of an in situ dog initial domestication. Pre-Columbian diversity in North America includes at least three varieties, whereas in South America six varieties were documented. Historical descriptions of phenotypes (e.g., humped dog) may represent an expression associated with mutations. We find that archaeological, historical, and ethnographic records reveal non-traditional uses and hybridizations with other canids. For example, the Coast Salish people exploited woolly dogs for manufacturing blankets. Dog acquisition by some Amazonian cultures began towards the end of the nineteenth century. Overall more than 41 dog breeds originated in the Americas and are currently recognized by kennel clubs. The main gap in knowledge points to the relationships between American breeds, local hybridizations, migratory routes of dogs following Indigenous peoples' social networks, historical-cultural contexts, and quantification of morphological diversity. North and Central American dogs have been more intensively studied than those from the Amazon regions or Patagonia. We find that the history of domestication in the Americas is far from simple and integrative studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"57 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49421698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-10DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a17
Brigitte Gauvin
RÉSUMÉ Parmi les animaux, ceux qui occupent les mers et les rivières sont les plus difficiles à observer et, de ce fait, les plus mal connus; ils nourrissent ainsi un grand nombre de fantasmes. Cependant, les savants de l'antiquité ont prêté à certains d'entre eux un comportement parental, qui peut varier selon les espèces et apparaître ainsi comme un élément de caractérisation; et les encyclopédistes médiévaux ont pris soin de transmettre ces informations et même, semble-t-il, d'accentuer ces traits. En s'appuyant sur une étude précise des sources antiques et des encyclopédies médiévales ainsi que sur l'iconographie qui, parfois, les accompagne, et en tentant de contextualiser le discours encyclopédique, on tentera de comprendre les différentes origines de ces comportements prêtés aux animaux marins.
{"title":"Petit poisson deviendra grand… Les créatures aquatiques et leurs petits dans la littérature antique et médiévale","authors":"Brigitte Gauvin","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a17","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ Parmi les animaux, ceux qui occupent les mers et les rivières sont les plus difficiles à observer et, de ce fait, les plus mal connus; ils nourrissent ainsi un grand nombre de fantasmes. Cependant, les savants de l'antiquité ont prêté à certains d'entre eux un comportement parental, qui peut varier selon les espèces et apparaître ainsi comme un élément de caractérisation; et les encyclopédistes médiévaux ont pris soin de transmettre ces informations et même, semble-t-il, d'accentuer ces traits. En s'appuyant sur une étude précise des sources antiques et des encyclopédies médiévales ainsi que sur l'iconographie qui, parfois, les accompagne, et en tentant de contextualiser le discours encyclopédique, on tentera de comprendre les différentes origines de ces comportements prêtés aux animaux marins.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"253 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45464706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a16
Giovanni Siracusano, Federico Manuelli, M. Masseti
ABSTRACT Among the faunal remains brought to light in the recent Iron Age excavations at the site of Arslantepe (South-East Turkey), the discovery of the bones belonging to an adult rooster is of particular interest. The red junglefowl, Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758), is not autochthonous of Anatolia; the species is native to and was originally domesticated in south-eastern Asia, reaching the Mesopotamian region only at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. Throughout the Bronze Age and up to the beginning of the Iron Age the evidence of domestic junglefowl remains sporadic. However, from the second half of the 2nd millennium BC onwards, findings became more consistent, allowing us to trace its spread and evolution. The discovery of the first rooster at Arslantepe, in a level dated to the very beginning of the 1st millennium BC, fits with the general development of this species into the Near East and from here, during the advanced Iron Age, to the Mediterranean and to the West. The article aims at integrating this discovery into its geographical, cultural, chronological, and zoological background. Moreover, the discussion is broadened within the complex scenario of the development of the Iron Age Syro-Anatolian societies. We argue that the scarcity of chicken remains until the beginning of the 1st millennium BC might not be only related to taphonomic conditions but also to the fact that the species was an exotic rarity with possibly some sort of symbolic relevance.
{"title":"When did roosters start singing at Arslantepe? A preliminary assessment of the presence and spread of Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Iron Age Eastern Anatolia","authors":"Giovanni Siracusano, Federico Manuelli, M. Masseti","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a16","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Among the faunal remains brought to light in the recent Iron Age excavations at the site of Arslantepe (South-East Turkey), the discovery of the bones belonging to an adult rooster is of particular interest. The red junglefowl, Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758), is not autochthonous of Anatolia; the species is native to and was originally domesticated in south-eastern Asia, reaching the Mesopotamian region only at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. Throughout the Bronze Age and up to the beginning of the Iron Age the evidence of domestic junglefowl remains sporadic. However, from the second half of the 2nd millennium BC onwards, findings became more consistent, allowing us to trace its spread and evolution. The discovery of the first rooster at Arslantepe, in a level dated to the very beginning of the 1st millennium BC, fits with the general development of this species into the Near East and from here, during the advanced Iron Age, to the Mediterranean and to the West. The article aims at integrating this discovery into its geographical, cultural, chronological, and zoological background. Moreover, the discussion is broadened within the complex scenario of the development of the Iron Age Syro-Anatolian societies. We argue that the scarcity of chicken remains until the beginning of the 1st millennium BC might not be only related to taphonomic conditions but also to the fact that the species was an exotic rarity with possibly some sort of symbolic relevance.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"241 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48704888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a15
Séverine Lagneaux, Frédéric Laugrand, L. Simon
RÉSUMÉ La notion de suidés est une catégorie zoologique qui désigne une famille de mammifères ongulés non ruminants, à nombre pair de doigts. En suivant les cas du sanglier et du cochon sous différentes latitudes, en Europe mais surtout en Asie, les auteurs de cet article examinent la position singulière de ces animaux dans un grand nombre de traditions. Familiarisation, domestication et prédation coexistent. En dépit de caractéristiques récurrentes et en dépit qu'il soit sauvage ou domestique, le cochon apparaît comme une figure ambiguë, « une bête singulière» selon l'expression de C. Fabre-Vassas. Et pourtant, sur le plan des imaginaires, des relations et des substances, les conceptions sont très hétérogènes. Les cochons émergent comme des entités qui naviguent entre des mondes pluriels et dans des espaces-temps multiples, leurs substances étant abondamment utilisées. Ils sont des sujets qui mettent au travail des distinctions comme celles du sauvage et du domestique, tantôt pour les valider, tantôt pour les dépasser. Enfin, comme en témoignent, entre autres, certaines pratiques sacrificielles, le cochon laisse apparaître un double qui ne s'y reconnaît jamais entièrement: l'humain.
{"title":"Les suidés dans un monde pluriel: imaginaires, relations et substances","authors":"Séverine Lagneaux, Frédéric Laugrand, L. Simon","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a15","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ La notion de suidés est une catégorie zoologique qui désigne une famille de mammifères ongulés non ruminants, à nombre pair de doigts. En suivant les cas du sanglier et du cochon sous différentes latitudes, en Europe mais surtout en Asie, les auteurs de cet article examinent la position singulière de ces animaux dans un grand nombre de traditions. Familiarisation, domestication et prédation coexistent. En dépit de caractéristiques récurrentes et en dépit qu'il soit sauvage ou domestique, le cochon apparaît comme une figure ambiguë, « une bête singulière» selon l'expression de C. Fabre-Vassas. Et pourtant, sur le plan des imaginaires, des relations et des substances, les conceptions sont très hétérogènes. Les cochons émergent comme des entités qui naviguent entre des mondes pluriels et dans des espaces-temps multiples, leurs substances étant abondamment utilisées. Ils sont des sujets qui mettent au travail des distinctions comme celles du sauvage et du domestique, tantôt pour les valider, tantôt pour les dépasser. Enfin, comme en témoignent, entre autres, certaines pratiques sacrificielles, le cochon laisse apparaître un double qui ne s'y reconnaît jamais entièrement: l'humain.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"227 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49015480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a14
Séraphin Balla
RÉSUMÉ Le porc dans la gamme « long châssis», c'est-à-dire le plus gros possible, est aujourd'hui très demandé dans les offrandes de bétail de la dot chez les Beti du Cameroun. La vulgarisation de l'élevage est un facteur important pour comprendre la popularité du porc. Mais l'analogie entre la capacité de procréation porcine et la fécondité souhaitée au jeune couple est aussi à prendre en considération, la fécondité étant ici l'un des principaux vœux adressés au couple. Par ailleurs, l'opinion fait valoir également la neutralité sorcellaire du porc, un animal non cornu. Cependant, le principe d'abondance des cadeaux alimentaires fait que les familles peuvent en exiger une dizaine, ce qui implique une véritable saignée financière pour le gendre. Cette situation, en plus des récriminations qu'elle suscite, bloque et désagrège les projets de mariage. C'est pourquoi l'article tente aussi d'éclairer comment les exigences alimentaires de la dot accompagnent la transformation des formes matrimoniales et du modèle familial, notamment l'augmentation des unions de fait et des familles monoparentales, le report des unions et les mariages secrets.
{"title":"Les porcs «long châssis»: le péril des mariages? Comprendre les transformations du bestiaire dotal du Cameroun méridional","authors":"Séraphin Balla","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a14","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ Le porc dans la gamme « long châssis», c'est-à-dire le plus gros possible, est aujourd'hui très demandé dans les offrandes de bétail de la dot chez les Beti du Cameroun. La vulgarisation de l'élevage est un facteur important pour comprendre la popularité du porc. Mais l'analogie entre la capacité de procréation porcine et la fécondité souhaitée au jeune couple est aussi à prendre en considération, la fécondité étant ici l'un des principaux vœux adressés au couple. Par ailleurs, l'opinion fait valoir également la neutralité sorcellaire du porc, un animal non cornu. Cependant, le principe d'abondance des cadeaux alimentaires fait que les familles peuvent en exiger une dizaine, ce qui implique une véritable saignée financière pour le gendre. Cette situation, en plus des récriminations qu'elle suscite, bloque et désagrège les projets de mariage. C'est pourquoi l'article tente aussi d'éclairer comment les exigences alimentaires de la dot accompagnent la transformation des formes matrimoniales et du modèle familial, notamment l'augmentation des unions de fait et des familles monoparentales, le report des unions et les mariages secrets.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"215 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48987437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a13
L. Simon
RÉSUMÉ Cet article entend mettre en lumière les modes de sociabilité qui organisent les pratiques de chasse et d'élevage chez les Mentawai de la vallée de Bat Rereiket (Siberut, Indonésie). Dans ce contexte ethnographique, la simplicité des dispositifs techniques destinés à ces deux activités est compensée par la complexité des interactions que les individus entendent établir avec les animaux, ici les suidés. Il s'agit de montrer que les projets cynégétiques et « domesticatoires» que j'ai observés reposent sur un tour de force. Au détour d'une spatialisation précise de l'habitat, mais aussi de gestes rituels entourant la conservation des crânes des animaux, les Mentawai aboutissent à transmuter des rapports de prédation-sacrifice en relations d'hospitalité. Ils mobilisent pour ce faire l'affectivité des cochons, de façon à susciter chez eux des formes d'attachement aux maisons (uma). À travers les ornements architecturaux et à travers les stratégies figuratives qui président à leur façonnement, cet article présente la manière dont les Mentawai s'attachent ainsi à configurer un espace hybride, à la fois humain et non humain.
{"title":"Les contraintes douces : hospitalité et relations interspécifiques dans la chasse et l'élevage (Mentawai, Indonésie)","authors":"L. Simon","doi":"10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a13","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ Cet article entend mettre en lumière les modes de sociabilité qui organisent les pratiques de chasse et d'élevage chez les Mentawai de la vallée de Bat Rereiket (Siberut, Indonésie). Dans ce contexte ethnographique, la simplicité des dispositifs techniques destinés à ces deux activités est compensée par la complexité des interactions que les individus entendent établir avec les animaux, ici les suidés. Il s'agit de montrer que les projets cynégétiques et « domesticatoires» que j'ai observés reposent sur un tour de force. Au détour d'une spatialisation précise de l'habitat, mais aussi de gestes rituels entourant la conservation des crânes des animaux, les Mentawai aboutissent à transmuter des rapports de prédation-sacrifice en relations d'hospitalité. Ils mobilisent pour ce faire l'affectivité des cochons, de façon à susciter chez eux des formes d'attachement aux maisons (uma). À travers les ornements architecturaux et à travers les stratégies figuratives qui président à leur façonnement, cet article présente la manière dont les Mentawai s'attachent ainsi à configurer un espace hybride, à la fois humain et non humain.","PeriodicalId":38558,"journal":{"name":"Anthropozoologica","volume":"56 1","pages":"197 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.5252/anthropozoologica2021v56a12
Frédéric Laugrand, Antoine Laugrand
RÉSUMÉ À partir de données ethnographiques recueillies depuis 2012 dans trois sociétés autochtones des Philippines (à Mindoro, Mindanao et Luzon) et en se basant sur l'approche du Champ d'étude anthropologique ou Field of Anthropological Study (FAS) développé par l'anthropologie néerlandaise, cet article analyse le rôle du cochon dans trois rituels différents. Le mode de mise à mort des animaux et l'usage de leurs chairs varient d'une société à l'autre. Des techniques et des gestes spécifiques à chaque rituel s'imposent. Pourtant, ces trois variantes présentent des homologies et des variations. Le sang de l'animal y apparait comme une substance susceptible de véhiculer des qualités, qui s'appréhende d'abord comme une marque reconnaissable par les invisibles. Cru ou cuit, le sang immunise contre la maladie ou, inversement, apporte chance et prospérité. Les entrailles du cochon, en particulier le cœur, le foie, la rate et le péritoine, livrent des signes qui ne trompent pas. Les cris du cochon permettent aux humains d'établir une communication avec les divinités ou les esprits. La dimension sacrificielle du cochon devient alors secondaire comparativement à son rôle de médiateur.
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