Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00375-5
Azizat Abiodun Lebimoyo, Mumtaz Oladipupo Sanni
Post-traumatic stress symptoms are one of the most commonest, but un-recognized psychological morbidity found in female breast cancer patients. However, there are insufficient prospective studies concerning the trajectory of post-traumatic stress symptoms and their risk factors in Nigerian women living with breast cancer. To determine the changes in the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms among newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients across different timelines over 6 months. This was a prospective longitudinal study of 183 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients selected using a systematic random sampling method. The Six-Item Impact of Events Scale, Visual Analogue Scale of Pain, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast, and a Socio-Demographic questionnaire were administered to the participants. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms was 46%, 31%, and 22% at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months respectively, indicating a decline in post-traumatic stress symptoms over time. In the final assessment at 6 months, identified risk factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms were: religiosity, accessibility to treatment, illness perception, chemotherapy, and quality of life. Post-traumatic stress symptoms are prevalent in newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients, there is a need for regular screening of these symptoms in these women to allow for early psycho-social intervention, and better treatment outcomes.
{"title":"A prospective longitudinal study of post-traumatic stress symptoms and its risk factors in newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients","authors":"Azizat Abiodun Lebimoyo, Mumtaz Oladipupo Sanni","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00375-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00375-5","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms are one of the most commonest, but un-recognized psychological morbidity found in female breast cancer patients. However, there are insufficient prospective studies concerning the trajectory of post-traumatic stress symptoms and their risk factors in Nigerian women living with breast cancer. To determine the changes in the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms among newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients across different timelines over 6 months. This was a prospective longitudinal study of 183 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients selected using a systematic random sampling method. The Six-Item Impact of Events Scale, Visual Analogue Scale of Pain, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast, and a Socio-Demographic questionnaire were administered to the participants. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms was 46%, 31%, and 22% at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months respectively, indicating a decline in post-traumatic stress symptoms over time. In the final assessment at 6 months, identified risk factors of post-traumatic stress symptoms were: religiosity, accessibility to treatment, illness perception, chemotherapy, and quality of life. Post-traumatic stress symptoms are prevalent in newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients, there is a need for regular screening of these symptoms in these women to allow for early psycho-social intervention, and better treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00378-2
Marcin Piotr Nowak
Evolutionary psychiatry tries to explain paradoxical high psychiatric disorders and symptoms prevalence by means of evolutionary biology, but testing their hypotheses is often problematic. Social Navigation Hypothesis (SNH) belongs to the evolutionary hypotheses of depressive disorder. It assumes two mechanisms of increasing fitness by depressive signs and symptoms: social rumination function (depressed person is thinking intensely, trying to solve his/her social problems; in contrast to research demonstrating that depressed person usually manages with social challenges worse than healthy people) and social motivation function. The latter postulates that depressive behavior, by diminishing the fitness of surrounding people, forces them to help for depressed person to terminate the fitness-reducing episode. Social motivation function is discussed according to John Maynard Smith’s idea of evolutionarily stable strategy. On that base two simple mathematical models are constructed. SNH can theoretically describe an evolutionarily stable strategy (the precondition is the relation between the duration time of the episode and remission given by a certain formula), but the prediction of SNH (episode duration shortened with the patient’s age) is contrary to epidemiological data. Presented models, based on simplistic mathematical assumptions, don’t take into account kin selection and inclusive fitness. SNH cannot explain the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder. Falsification was possible only due to the mathematical formulation of the previously descriptively formulated hypothesis.
{"title":"Social navigation hypothesis of depressive disorder disproven","authors":"Marcin Piotr Nowak","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00378-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00378-2","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary psychiatry tries to explain paradoxical high psychiatric disorders and symptoms prevalence by means of evolutionary biology, but testing their hypotheses is often problematic. Social Navigation Hypothesis (SNH) belongs to the evolutionary hypotheses of depressive disorder. It assumes two mechanisms of increasing fitness by depressive signs and symptoms: social rumination function (depressed person is thinking intensely, trying to solve his/her social problems; in contrast to research demonstrating that depressed person usually manages with social challenges worse than healthy people) and social motivation function. The latter postulates that depressive behavior, by diminishing the fitness of surrounding people, forces them to help for depressed person to terminate the fitness-reducing episode. Social motivation function is discussed according to John Maynard Smith’s idea of evolutionarily stable strategy. On that base two simple mathematical models are constructed. SNH can theoretically describe an evolutionarily stable strategy (the precondition is the relation between the duration time of the episode and remission given by a certain formula), but the prediction of SNH (episode duration shortened with the patient’s age) is contrary to epidemiological data. Presented models, based on simplistic mathematical assumptions, don’t take into account kin selection and inclusive fitness. SNH cannot explain the high prevalence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder. Falsification was possible only due to the mathematical formulation of the previously descriptively formulated hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00372-8
Ahmad Aldosary, Moath Aljohani, Meshari Alghorayer, Khalid Albaqami, Abdulrahman Alkhurayji, Awadh Alharbi, Sultan Almutairi, Khalid Alharbi, Hatim Alhudaithi
Anxiety is a widely recognized topic in medical education. Previous studies have found that medical students experience higher levels of anxiety than other students. An increasing corpus of research indicates a major association between mindfulness and mental wellness. This study included 418 respondents, of whom 394 were included in the final sample. Most were female (55.3%), while male participants comprised 44.7%. The mean age of the population was 22.4 years. Our results showed only 7.2% of the participants in the sample were diagnosed with mental health disorders. Moreover, 26% of the study population had minimal anxiety, and the proportions of those with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety ranged from 20.3% for mild, to 22.7% for moderate, to 31.1% for severe. The most commonly observed severe symptoms were fear of the worst happening, nervousness, and inability to relax. The mean score on the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was 27.7 (SD: 5.1) on a scale of 10–40. According to the short-form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15) evaluation of participants’ mindfulness, the average score was 41.6 (SD: 9.5) on a scale of 15–75. Gender, college attended, and presence of psychiatric diagnosis were the independent factors potentially influencing Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. Our findings revealed the prevalence of anxiety and mindfulness among healthcare students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Weak correlations were found among the GSE, FFMQ-15, and BAI scores.
{"title":"Anxiety, mindfulness and self-efficacy association among university healthcare specialties students in Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Ahmad Aldosary, Moath Aljohani, Meshari Alghorayer, Khalid Albaqami, Abdulrahman Alkhurayji, Awadh Alharbi, Sultan Almutairi, Khalid Alharbi, Hatim Alhudaithi","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00372-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00372-8","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is a widely recognized topic in medical education. Previous studies have found that medical students experience higher levels of anxiety than other students. An increasing corpus of research indicates a major association between mindfulness and mental wellness. This study included 418 respondents, of whom 394 were included in the final sample. Most were female (55.3%), while male participants comprised 44.7%. The mean age of the population was 22.4 years. Our results showed only 7.2% of the participants in the sample were diagnosed with mental health disorders. Moreover, 26% of the study population had minimal anxiety, and the proportions of those with mild, moderate, and severe anxiety ranged from 20.3% for mild, to 22.7% for moderate, to 31.1% for severe. The most commonly observed severe symptoms were fear of the worst happening, nervousness, and inability to relax. The mean score on the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was 27.7 (SD: 5.1) on a scale of 10–40. According to the short-form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15) evaluation of participants’ mindfulness, the average score was 41.6 (SD: 9.5) on a scale of 15–75. Gender, college attended, and presence of psychiatric diagnosis were the independent factors potentially influencing Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. Our findings revealed the prevalence of anxiety and mindfulness among healthcare students at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Weak correlations were found among the GSE, FFMQ-15, and BAI scores.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00386-2
Maged A. Gomaa, Asmaa A. Desoky, Dalal Amer, Doaa Alaa, Mohamed A. Khalil
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of infertility associated with multiple medical and psychiatric complications. The study compared suicide, impulsivity, and depression in females with PCOS to females with other causes of infertility. Sixty females with infertility were included in two groups. Group A included 30 females with PCOS and infertility, while group B included 30 females with infertility for other causes than PCOS. The assessment included infertility workup, medical history, hormonal profile, Beck depression inventory (BDI), Short Version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Group A had higher numbers of patients with depression (p-value = 0.04) and higher BDI (p-value = 0.001). Negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation-seeking were higher in PCOS patients (p-value = 0.001, 0.03, 0.04). A significant positive correlation was found between sensation-seeking, BDI scores (p = 0.01), and LH level (p = 0.03). It was concluded that patients with PCOS have more depression and impulsivity than patients with other causes of infertility. Suicide was not different in both groups.
{"title":"Impulsivity, depression, and suicide in female patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility","authors":"Maged A. Gomaa, Asmaa A. Desoky, Dalal Amer, Doaa Alaa, Mohamed A. Khalil","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00386-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00386-2","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of infertility associated with multiple medical and psychiatric complications. The study compared suicide, impulsivity, and depression in females with PCOS to females with other causes of infertility. Sixty females with infertility were included in two groups. Group A included 30 females with PCOS and infertility, while group B included 30 females with infertility for other causes than PCOS. The assessment included infertility workup, medical history, hormonal profile, Beck depression inventory (BDI), Short Version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Group A had higher numbers of patients with depression (p-value = 0.04) and higher BDI (p-value = 0.001). Negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation-seeking were higher in PCOS patients (p-value = 0.001, 0.03, 0.04). A significant positive correlation was found between sensation-seeking, BDI scores (p = 0.01), and LH level (p = 0.03). It was concluded that patients with PCOS have more depression and impulsivity than patients with other causes of infertility. Suicide was not different in both groups.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mental illness has a great impact not only on patients but also on their carers as it makes them more prone to stress, interferes with their daily life activities, and can negatively affect their social, psychological, and physical health quality of life. They neglect seeking medical help that may negatively affect clinical outcome of patients and quality of their life. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of burden on such caregivers and to investigate the coping strategies used by them in order to develop tailored biopsychosocial interventions to reduce their stress. To assess the magnitude of burden and patterns of coping with stress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. To assess the magnitude of burden and patterns of coping with stress in caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder. To compare both the coping strategies and burden stress scores among carers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar patients. This cross-sectional study was done on 100 caregivers to assess burden in caregivers of schizophrenia patients and caregivers of bipolar patients, the coping style used by the caregivers of both groups and comparing between two groups. There was statistically significant difference found between bipolar group and schizophrenia group regarding coping inventory scores make fun and behavioral withdrawal, which showed higher median score in schizophrenia group than bipolar group. Burden of caring and coping with this burden, affect each other mutually. As, according to the results of our study, rural residence of caregiver, positive reassessment ≤ 12 and denial > 8 were found significantly associated with high burden in bipolar group. While employed caregivers were associated with high burden among schizophrenia group. Burden is higher in bipolar group than schizophrenia group. The burden placed on caregivers has a significant impact on their capacity to offer service and care to patients. It also has an impact on how service providers adjust to and deal with their families' illnesses. Reduced caregiver load and increased awareness of the condition may help caregivers to use more flexible coping techniques.
{"title":"Coping strategies and burden stress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder","authors":"Rehab Serag Mohamed, Nivert Zaki Mahmoud, Dalia Abdel Moneim Mahmoud, Mohamed Fekry Eissa, Youssef Wael Zohdy, Yassmin Shawky Rateb Hafez","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00366-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00366-6","url":null,"abstract":"Mental illness has a great impact not only on patients but also on their carers as it makes them more prone to stress, interferes with their daily life activities, and can negatively affect their social, psychological, and physical health quality of life. They neglect seeking medical help that may negatively affect clinical outcome of patients and quality of their life. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of burden on such caregivers and to investigate the coping strategies used by them in order to develop tailored biopsychosocial interventions to reduce their stress. To assess the magnitude of burden and patterns of coping with stress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. To assess the magnitude of burden and patterns of coping with stress in caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder. To compare both the coping strategies and burden stress scores among carers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar patients. This cross-sectional study was done on 100 caregivers to assess burden in caregivers of schizophrenia patients and caregivers of bipolar patients, the coping style used by the caregivers of both groups and comparing between two groups. There was statistically significant difference found between bipolar group and schizophrenia group regarding coping inventory scores make fun and behavioral withdrawal, which showed higher median score in schizophrenia group than bipolar group. Burden of caring and coping with this burden, affect each other mutually. As, according to the results of our study, rural residence of caregiver, positive reassessment ≤ 12 and denial > 8 were found significantly associated with high burden in bipolar group. While employed caregivers were associated with high burden among schizophrenia group. Burden is higher in bipolar group than schizophrenia group. The burden placed on caregivers has a significant impact on their capacity to offer service and care to patients. It also has an impact on how service providers adjust to and deal with their families' illnesses. Reduced caregiver load and increased awareness of the condition may help caregivers to use more flexible coping techniques. ","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00389-z
Abd Rahim Nour El Huda, Abdull Jalil Mohd Asyraf, A. Talib Norlelawati, Mat Rasid Siti Norain, Wan Salleh Wan Muhamad Salahudin, Azman Norainin Sofiya, Norbaiyah Mohamed Bakrim
Numerous studies have explored the association between epigenetics and schizophrenia, yielding various findings and reports. Thus, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the studies that have investigated this association to provide an overview of the evolution of research on this topic and to determine the current status and areas for advancement in this field. We applied several methodologies, such as keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship analysis, to the SCOPUS database to analyze the most significant authors, institutions, and countries and the most cited publications. Several analytic tools were employed, namely Bibliomagika 2.2 and Bibliomagika 1.5 Split for frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Biblioshiny packages from R software to perform the bibliometric analysis. A total of 397 publications were retrieved, and most were published in 2013, revealing an increasing trend over the past decade. The most productive contributors based on the number of published documents were the Alessandro Guidotti (24 publications), the University of Illinois at Chicago (21 publications), the United States of America (159 publications), and the Journal of Schizophrenia Research (22 publications). The top keywords were schizophrenia (250 occurrences), DNA methylation (174 occurrences), and epigenetics (121 occurrences). The findings shed light on the research trends, country contributions, influential authors, and most active journals on the topic. This information can help researchers identify gaps and future directions in the field and can provide a platform for progressing knowledge in this field.
{"title":"Schizophrenia and epigenetics: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis","authors":"Abd Rahim Nour El Huda, Abdull Jalil Mohd Asyraf, A. Talib Norlelawati, Mat Rasid Siti Norain, Wan Salleh Wan Muhamad Salahudin, Azman Norainin Sofiya, Norbaiyah Mohamed Bakrim","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00389-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00389-z","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have explored the association between epigenetics and schizophrenia, yielding various findings and reports. Thus, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the studies that have investigated this association to provide an overview of the evolution of research on this topic and to determine the current status and areas for advancement in this field. We applied several methodologies, such as keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship analysis, to the SCOPUS database to analyze the most significant authors, institutions, and countries and the most cited publications. Several analytic tools were employed, namely Bibliomagika 2.2 and Bibliomagika 1.5 Split for frequency analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Biblioshiny packages from R software to perform the bibliometric analysis. A total of 397 publications were retrieved, and most were published in 2013, revealing an increasing trend over the past decade. The most productive contributors based on the number of published documents were the Alessandro Guidotti (24 publications), the University of Illinois at Chicago (21 publications), the United States of America (159 publications), and the Journal of Schizophrenia Research (22 publications). The top keywords were schizophrenia (250 occurrences), DNA methylation (174 occurrences), and epigenetics (121 occurrences). The findings shed light on the research trends, country contributions, influential authors, and most active journals on the topic. This information can help researchers identify gaps and future directions in the field and can provide a platform for progressing knowledge in this field.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00374-6
Mohamed A. Khalil, Noha M. Khalil, Amanne F. Esmael, Shirin M. El-Makawi, Alia A. Saleh, Doaa R. Ayoub
Tramadol—a synthetic opioid originally used as an analgesic—has been widely misused as an addictive drug in the middle east in the last twenty years. Brain changes associated with long-term tramadol use are understudied. This study aimed to detect the possible effects of tramadol use for at least one year on the brain. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive measure can assess changes in retinal thickness which reflects degenerative changes in the brain. Twenty-five patients fulfilling the tramadol use disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria were compared to 25 matched control subjects free of substance use disorders. Other psychiatric and medical conditions that may affect OCT were excluded from both groups. Patients were assessed using Addiction Severity Index; meanwhile, both groups were evaluated using OCT. Patients with tramadol use showed a lower thickness of most OCT parameters than healthy non-tramadol controls. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was not associated with tramadol dose, duration of use, or the age of first use. There were differences between the right and left eyes in RNFL and Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. Long-term tramadol use is associated with decreased thickness of RNFL that can be a potential marker and an early sign for degeneration detected by noninvasive techniques like OCT.
曲马多（Tramadol）是一种合成阿片类药物，最初用作镇痛剂，近二十年来在中东地区作为一种成瘾药物被广泛滥用。与长期使用曲马多有关的脑部变化尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在检测使用曲马多至少一年对大脑可能产生的影响。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）作为一种无创测量方法，可评估视网膜厚度的变化，而视网膜厚度的变化可反映大脑的退行性变化。研究人员将符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）标准的25名曲马多使用障碍患者与25名无药物使用障碍的匹配对照受试者进行了比较。两组患者均排除了可能影响 OCT 的其他精神和医疗状况。使用成瘾严重程度指数对患者进行评估，同时使用 OCT 对两组患者进行评估。与未服用曲马多的健康对照组相比，服用曲马多的患者大多数 OCT 参数的厚度较低。视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度与曲马多剂量、使用时间或首次使用年龄无关。左右眼的视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）和神经节细胞复合体（GCC）厚度存在差异。长期服用曲马多会导致RNFL厚度下降，而RNFL可能是通过OCT等非侵入性技术检测退化的潜在标志和早期信号。
{"title":"Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study","authors":"Mohamed A. Khalil, Noha M. Khalil, Amanne F. Esmael, Shirin M. El-Makawi, Alia A. Saleh, Doaa R. Ayoub","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00374-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00374-6","url":null,"abstract":"Tramadol—a synthetic opioid originally used as an analgesic—has been widely misused as an addictive drug in the middle east in the last twenty years. Brain changes associated with long-term tramadol use are understudied. This study aimed to detect the possible effects of tramadol use for at least one year on the brain. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive measure can assess changes in retinal thickness which reflects degenerative changes in the brain. Twenty-five patients fulfilling the tramadol use disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria were compared to 25 matched control subjects free of substance use disorders. Other psychiatric and medical conditions that may affect OCT were excluded from both groups. Patients were assessed using Addiction Severity Index; meanwhile, both groups were evaluated using OCT. Patients with tramadol use showed a lower thickness of most OCT parameters than healthy non-tramadol controls. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was not associated with tramadol dose, duration of use, or the age of first use. There were differences between the right and left eyes in RNFL and Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. Long-term tramadol use is associated with decreased thickness of RNFL that can be a potential marker and an early sign for degeneration detected by noninvasive techniques like OCT.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138569870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00373-7
Jaweher Boudabous, Ali Kerkeni, Mayssa Kraiem, Hela Ayadi, Yousr Moalla
Evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on Tunisian adolescents enrolled in secondary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study on a sample of Tunisian adolescents. Participants were randomly selected from two schools in the region of Hamma (southern of Tunisia). This survey took place during the period extending from 5 March to 26 May 2021. Students were asked to complete a pre-established information sheet which contains questions about socio-demographic features, medical history, knowledge about the pandemic of COVID-19, and personal or family history of being infected with this virus. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to screen for PTSD among students. The sample was composed of 326 students (92 boys and 234 girls; mean age 16.65 years). The prevalence of PTSD was 37.4% according to the CPSS. Adolescents had more PTSD symptoms when they lived in a conflictual family atmosphere (AOR = 3.1 [1.4–6.9]). Moreover, adolescents who were infected by the virus, or whose relatives were contaminated or dead because of the COVID-19 infection, were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms. We stated that students who estimated that their knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic were insufficient had a significant higher risk for PTSD (AOR = 2.5 [1.4–4.6]). Students seemed to have high frequency of PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of risk and protective factors are interesting to guide screening and prevention actions. • Adolescents were vulnerable to psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic, they were more exposed to develop post-traumatic stress disorder. • A total of 37.4% was the prevalence of PTSD among Tunisian adolescents. Sufficient information about the pandemic was protective. Conflictual family atmosphere constitutes a risk factor. • Family and social efforts should be directed toward supporting teenagers to cope with the pandemics’ mental health burden.
{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional Tunisian study","authors":"Jaweher Boudabous, Ali Kerkeni, Mayssa Kraiem, Hela Ayadi, Yousr Moalla","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00373-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00373-7","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on Tunisian adolescents enrolled in secondary schools during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study on a sample of Tunisian adolescents. Participants were randomly selected from two schools in the region of Hamma (southern of Tunisia). This survey took place during the period extending from 5 March to 26 May 2021. Students were asked to complete a pre-established information sheet which contains questions about socio-demographic features, medical history, knowledge about the pandemic of COVID-19, and personal or family history of being infected with this virus. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) was used to screen for PTSD among students. The sample was composed of 326 students (92 boys and 234 girls; mean age 16.65 years). The prevalence of PTSD was 37.4% according to the CPSS. Adolescents had more PTSD symptoms when they lived in a conflictual family atmosphere (AOR = 3.1 [1.4–6.9]). Moreover, adolescents who were infected by the virus, or whose relatives were contaminated or dead because of the COVID-19 infection, were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms. We stated that students who estimated that their knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic were insufficient had a significant higher risk for PTSD (AOR = 2.5 [1.4–4.6]). Students seemed to have high frequency of PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of risk and protective factors are interesting to guide screening and prevention actions. • Adolescents were vulnerable to psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic, they were more exposed to develop post-traumatic stress disorder. • A total of 37.4% was the prevalence of PTSD among Tunisian adolescents. Sufficient information about the pandemic was protective. Conflictual family atmosphere constitutes a risk factor. • Family and social efforts should be directed toward supporting teenagers to cope with the pandemics’ mental health burden.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138557013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00369-3
Nahida Nayaz Ahmed, Faisal Albishi, Suhail A. Khan, Ammar Alsayegh, Emmanuel Stip, Samer Makhoul
There is a high unmet need among patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as treatment with standard therapies is associated with low response and remission rates and high rates of relapse. Esketamine nasal spray, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is a novel, fast-acting treatment option for TRD. This article addresses common questions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries regarding esketamine nasal spray by discussing the latest clinical evidence and by providing expert opinions. Six expert psychiatrists from the GCC region with clinical experience in TRD reviewed and critically appraised published evidence on esketamine nasal spray for TRD and considered clinical guidelines, expert opinions and consensus statements. Consensus views were reached on clinical questions pertinent to implementing esketamine nasal spray for TRD in the GCC region. Clinical questions on patient identification, selection of serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, treatment duration, management of adverse events and clinical requirements for the safe administration of esketamine nasal spray were addressed. Esketamine nasal spray represents a new treatment paradigm for TRD. This article provides clinical guidance based on the latest evidence and clinical experience to help mental health practitioners implement esketamine nasal spray into everyday clinical practice.
{"title":"Management of treatment-resistant depression with esketamine nasal spray: clinical questions for daily practice in Gulf Cooperation Council countries","authors":"Nahida Nayaz Ahmed, Faisal Albishi, Suhail A. Khan, Ammar Alsayegh, Emmanuel Stip, Samer Makhoul","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00369-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00369-3","url":null,"abstract":"There is a high unmet need among patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as treatment with standard therapies is associated with low response and remission rates and high rates of relapse. Esketamine nasal spray, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is a novel, fast-acting treatment option for TRD. This article addresses common questions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries regarding esketamine nasal spray by discussing the latest clinical evidence and by providing expert opinions. Six expert psychiatrists from the GCC region with clinical experience in TRD reviewed and critically appraised published evidence on esketamine nasal spray for TRD and considered clinical guidelines, expert opinions and consensus statements. Consensus views were reached on clinical questions pertinent to implementing esketamine nasal spray for TRD in the GCC region. Clinical questions on patient identification, selection of serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, treatment duration, management of adverse events and clinical requirements for the safe administration of esketamine nasal spray were addressed. Esketamine nasal spray represents a new treatment paradigm for TRD. This article provides clinical guidance based on the latest evidence and clinical experience to help mental health practitioners implement esketamine nasal spray into everyday clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00371-9
Dalia Khalifa, Rehab Magdy, Doaa Mahmoud Khalil, Mona Hussein, Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel, Shaden Adel, Nadine Abdelhamied, Mohamed Adel Abdeltwab, Mazen Eltaweel, Alaa M. Essam, Amira Hassan, Mona Ali, Esraa Mohamed Naguib, Samar Fares, Hadeer Mohammed Abd El-Aziz, Alzahraa Ghareeb Eweis, Sara Desouki, Mennat-Allah Tarek
The widespread use of smartphones makes it imperative for researchers to study the adverse effect of smartphone addiction. We aimed to study the risk factors of smartphone addiction, insomnia, and attention deficit among smartphone users among a sample of Egyptian adolescents and adults. An online survey was disseminated among Egyptian social media groups. Participants were requested to complete Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale, and attention control scale (ACS). Two-thousand seven-hundred sixteen responded to our survey with a mean age of 31.4 ± 10.3 years. Smartphone addiction was documented in 2386 (87.8%) participants, with a median daily time for smartphone use of 5 h (IQR: 3–7). A significant association was found between smartphone addiction and younger age, higher educational levels, and urban residency (unadjusted or adjusted). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the only factor affecting the probability of moderate to severe insomnia was the higher SAS-SV score, either unadjusted (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.08–1.1) or adjusted (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08–1.11). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher scores on SAS-SV (P < 0.001) and ISI (P < 0.001), being female (P < 0.001), and being of rural residency (P = 0.025) were associated with lower total scores on ACS. On the other hand, older age (P < 0.001) and longer intervals between smartphone cessation and bedtime (P = 0.004) were found to increase the attention score. Smartphone addiction is prevalent in Egypt, which deserves special concern as it may have negative consequences such as insomnia and poor attention control, particularly in younger age groups.
{"title":"The impact of smartphone addiction on attention control and sleep in Egypt—an online survey","authors":"Dalia Khalifa, Rehab Magdy, Doaa Mahmoud Khalil, Mona Hussein, Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel, Shaden Adel, Nadine Abdelhamied, Mohamed Adel Abdeltwab, Mazen Eltaweel, Alaa M. Essam, Amira Hassan, Mona Ali, Esraa Mohamed Naguib, Samar Fares, Hadeer Mohammed Abd El-Aziz, Alzahraa Ghareeb Eweis, Sara Desouki, Mennat-Allah Tarek","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00371-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00371-9","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of smartphones makes it imperative for researchers to study the adverse effect of smartphone addiction. We aimed to study the risk factors of smartphone addiction, insomnia, and attention deficit among smartphone users among a sample of Egyptian adolescents and adults. An online survey was disseminated among Egyptian social media groups. Participants were requested to complete Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale, and attention control scale (ACS). Two-thousand seven-hundred sixteen responded to our survey with a mean age of 31.4 ± 10.3 years. Smartphone addiction was documented in 2386 (87.8%) participants, with a median daily time for smartphone use of 5 h (IQR: 3–7). A significant association was found between smartphone addiction and younger age, higher educational levels, and urban residency (unadjusted or adjusted). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the only factor affecting the probability of moderate to severe insomnia was the higher SAS-SV score, either unadjusted (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.08–1.1) or adjusted (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08–1.11). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher scores on SAS-SV (P < 0.001) and ISI (P < 0.001), being female (P < 0.001), and being of rural residency (P = 0.025) were associated with lower total scores on ACS. On the other hand, older age (P < 0.001) and longer intervals between smartphone cessation and bedtime (P = 0.004) were found to increase the attention score. Smartphone addiction is prevalent in Egypt, which deserves special concern as it may have negative consequences such as insomnia and poor attention control, particularly in younger age groups.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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