Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00398-6
Eman Attia Abdou, Wafaa Haggag, Khaled Abdelmoez Anwar, Haydy Sayed, Omneya Ibrahim
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging critical medical condition among adolescents and young adults worldwide. They use different methods for expressing their emotional needs. The aim of this study was to identify the methods of NSSI used by adolescents and young adults who presented with different psychiatric disorders, and their utilized functions. A case–control study was done on 100 late adolescent and young adult patients who attended Suez Canal University with psychiatric disorders. Sociodemographic data was obtained then they were assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Brief Non-suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool. Among the case group, 54% used scratching for self-harm while 36% used cutting. The most common body areas were hands (44%) and arms (42%). Eighty percent of the case group endorsed non-suicidal self-harm for dealing with anger, while 78% to cope with uncomfortable feelings and 72% to relieve stress with no statistically significant difference between males or females, nor among psychiatric comorbidities. The most common method of NSSI was scratching and it was followed by cutting and banging. The most common body areas were hands and arms. Patients endorsed NSSI for various motives and several functions. However, Items on the automatic negative reinforcement scales were the most common functions, especially when dealing with anger.
{"title":"Methods and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in an adolescent and young adult clinical sample","authors":"Eman Attia Abdou, Wafaa Haggag, Khaled Abdelmoez Anwar, Haydy Sayed, Omneya Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00398-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00398-6","url":null,"abstract":"Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging critical medical condition among adolescents and young adults worldwide. They use different methods for expressing their emotional needs. The aim of this study was to identify the methods of NSSI used by adolescents and young adults who presented with different psychiatric disorders, and their utilized functions. A case–control study was done on 100 late adolescent and young adult patients who attended Suez Canal University with psychiatric disorders. Sociodemographic data was obtained then they were assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Brief Non-suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool. Among the case group, 54% used scratching for self-harm while 36% used cutting. The most common body areas were hands (44%) and arms (42%). Eighty percent of the case group endorsed non-suicidal self-harm for dealing with anger, while 78% to cope with uncomfortable feelings and 72% to relieve stress with no statistically significant difference between males or females, nor among psychiatric comorbidities. The most common method of NSSI was scratching and it was followed by cutting and banging. The most common body areas were hands and arms. Patients endorsed NSSI for various motives and several functions. However, Items on the automatic negative reinforcement scales were the most common functions, especially when dealing with anger.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139690420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00397-7
Gellan K. Ahmed, Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan, Khaled Elbeh, Nourelhoda A. Haridy
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. While its exact causes remain unknown, emerging evidence suggests that infections and inflammation may contribute to disease development in a subset of individuals. This review comprehensively summarizes the evidence linking infections, immune system dysfunction, and schizophrenia risk. Several population-based studies have linked serious prenatal or childhood infections requiring hospitalization to increased risk of later schizophrenia diagnosis, especially in individuals with genetic predisposition. Both central nervous system infections and systemic infections appear to confer risk. Specific pathogens including Toxoplasma gondii, herpesviruses, Chlamydophila, and more have been implicated. Autoimmune diseases are also associated with increased schizophrenia susceptibility, possibly due to blood-brain barrier disruption allowing brain-reactive antibodies access. The recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raises questions about SARS-CoV-2 as a risk factor for new-onset psychosis. The mechanisms underlying the infection-schizophrenia link likely involve inflammation, cytokines, microglial activation, and tryptophan/kynurenine pathway modulation. Treatments targeting inflammation showed some efficacy in schizophrenia, further supporting an inflammation hypothesis. While the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence is substantial, further research is needed to conclusively determine the exact mechanisms linking immune dysfunction to schizophrenia requires further study. The evidence suggests immune system abnormalities likely play a role, perhaps by interacting with genetic and environmental factors, in instigating schizophrenia pathophysiology in a subset of patients. More research is needed to understand these connections more clearly which may aid future prevention and personalized treatment approaches tailored to specific illness subtypes.
{"title":"The role of infections and inflammation in schizophrenia: review of the evidence","authors":"Gellan K. Ahmed, Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan, Khaled Elbeh, Nourelhoda A. Haridy","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00397-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00397-7","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. While its exact causes remain unknown, emerging evidence suggests that infections and inflammation may contribute to disease development in a subset of individuals. This review comprehensively summarizes the evidence linking infections, immune system dysfunction, and schizophrenia risk. Several population-based studies have linked serious prenatal or childhood infections requiring hospitalization to increased risk of later schizophrenia diagnosis, especially in individuals with genetic predisposition. Both central nervous system infections and systemic infections appear to confer risk. Specific pathogens including Toxoplasma gondii, herpesviruses, Chlamydophila, and more have been implicated. Autoimmune diseases are also associated with increased schizophrenia susceptibility, possibly due to blood-brain barrier disruption allowing brain-reactive antibodies access. The recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raises questions about SARS-CoV-2 as a risk factor for new-onset psychosis. The mechanisms underlying the infection-schizophrenia link likely involve inflammation, cytokines, microglial activation, and tryptophan/kynurenine pathway modulation. Treatments targeting inflammation showed some efficacy in schizophrenia, further supporting an inflammation hypothesis. While the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence is substantial, further research is needed to conclusively determine the exact mechanisms linking immune dysfunction to schizophrenia requires further study. The evidence suggests immune system abnormalities likely play a role, perhaps by interacting with genetic and environmental factors, in instigating schizophrenia pathophysiology in a subset of patients. More research is needed to understand these connections more clearly which may aid future prevention and personalized treatment approaches tailored to specific illness subtypes.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139662262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00400-1
Ramin Abdi Dezfouli, Ali Hosseinpour, Shera Ketabforoush, Elnaz Daneshzad
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in managing ADHD symptoms compared to placebo, stimulants, or compared as pre- and post-treatment. Clinical trials assessing the potency of SNRIs in treating ADHD patients were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Random- and fixed- effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the data. Publication bias and study heterogeneity were assessed. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was utilized to determine the risk of bias. The certainty of outcomes was evaluated by the Grade criteria. Of the initial 830 studies, 13 were finally imported after two screening stages which two separate researchers carried out. The pooled standardized mean difference (95% CI) of reducing the score of different ADHD questionnaires (showing reduction in total inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms) by SNRIs, venlafaxine, and duloxetine were − 2.20 [− 3.00, − 1.40], − 1.86 [− 2.69, − 1.02], − 2.65 [− 3.35, − 1.96], respectively. While the most reported side effects were nausea, abdominal pain, and sedation, all studies reported that side effects were not serious and were well tolerated. Outcomes for the effectiveness of venlafaxine and duloxetine got high and moderate certainty, respectively. Duloxetine and venlafaxine can be administered to treat symptoms of ADHD while being well tolerated. It seems that duloxetine is more potent in reducing ADHD symptoms. It can also be concluded that venlafaxine is more effective in females, and is more effective on inattentive symptoms of ADHD rather than hyperactive symptoms.
{"title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in controlling ADHD symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ramin Abdi Dezfouli, Ali Hosseinpour, Shera Ketabforoush, Elnaz Daneshzad","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00400-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00400-1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in managing ADHD symptoms compared to placebo, stimulants, or compared as pre- and post-treatment. Clinical trials assessing the potency of SNRIs in treating ADHD patients were imported from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (until February 2023). Data were extracted by two independent researchers. Random- and fixed- effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the data. Publication bias and study heterogeneity were assessed. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was utilized to determine the risk of bias. The certainty of outcomes was evaluated by the Grade criteria. Of the initial 830 studies, 13 were finally imported after two screening stages which two separate researchers carried out. The pooled standardized mean difference (95% CI) of reducing the score of different ADHD questionnaires (showing reduction in total inattentive and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms) by SNRIs, venlafaxine, and duloxetine were − 2.20 [− 3.00, − 1.40], − 1.86 [− 2.69, − 1.02], − 2.65 [− 3.35, − 1.96], respectively. While the most reported side effects were nausea, abdominal pain, and sedation, all studies reported that side effects were not serious and were well tolerated. Outcomes for the effectiveness of venlafaxine and duloxetine got high and moderate certainty, respectively. Duloxetine and venlafaxine can be administered to treat symptoms of ADHD while being well tolerated. It seems that duloxetine is more potent in reducing ADHD symptoms. It can also be concluded that venlafaxine is more effective in females, and is more effective on inattentive symptoms of ADHD rather than hyperactive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00394-w
Tuti Kurnianingsih, Patricia Beta Ayu Lumbantoruan, Irvan Afriandi, Veranita Pandia, Meita Dhamayanti
The Stigma Affiliation Scale (ASS) is an instrument to assess affiliation stigma used widely worldwide. This study aims to adapt the ASS to the Indonesian language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ASS among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 94 schizophrenia patients’ family caregivers in communities, i.e., an items analysis, construct validity using the known-group method, and internal consistency reliability. The consistency between items and overall scores using Pearson product-moment correlation shows that all the items had Pearson’s coefficient correlation ≥ 0.300, indicating good and acceptable discriminant power. The construct validity using the Mann–Whitney U test comparing the ASS scores between the primary caregivers and other family members of schizophrenic patients showed higher scores in the primary caregivers than the other family members in the three domains (p < 0.0001), indicating excellent construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.80–0.89 and above 0.90, which indicate good and excellent reliability, respectively. The Indonesian version of ASS shows good psychometric properties among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Indonesia.
隶属耻辱感量表（ASS）是一种评估隶属耻辱感的工具，在全球范围内被广泛使用。本研究旨在将该量表改编成印尼语，并评估该量表在印尼精神分裂症患者家庭照顾者中的心理测量特性。本研究对 94 名精神分裂症患者的社区家庭照顾者进行了横断面研究，即项目分析、采用已知群体法进行的构建效度和内部一致性可靠性。采用皮尔逊积矩相关法进行的项目与总分之间的一致性分析表明，所有项目的皮尔逊系数相关性均≥0.300，表明具有良好的、可接受的判别力。使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验比较精神分裂症患者的主要照顾者和其他家庭成员的 ASS 得分，结果显示主要照顾者在三个领域的得分均高于其他家庭成员（P < 0.0001），表明其具有良好的建构效度。Cronbach's alpha 分别为 0.80-0.89 和 0.90 以上，表明信度良好和出色。印尼版 ASS 在印尼精神分裂症患者家庭照顾者中显示出良好的心理测量特性。
{"title":"Psychometric evaluation and adaptation of the stigma affiliation scale into the Indonesian language in primary family caregivers of schizophrenia patients","authors":"Tuti Kurnianingsih, Patricia Beta Ayu Lumbantoruan, Irvan Afriandi, Veranita Pandia, Meita Dhamayanti","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00394-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00394-w","url":null,"abstract":"The Stigma Affiliation Scale (ASS) is an instrument to assess affiliation stigma used widely worldwide. This study aims to adapt the ASS to the Indonesian language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the ASS among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 94 schizophrenia patients’ family caregivers in communities, i.e., an items analysis, construct validity using the known-group method, and internal consistency reliability. The consistency between items and overall scores using Pearson product-moment correlation shows that all the items had Pearson’s coefficient correlation ≥ 0.300, indicating good and acceptable discriminant power. The construct validity using the Mann–Whitney U test comparing the ASS scores between the primary caregivers and other family members of schizophrenic patients showed higher scores in the primary caregivers than the other family members in the three domains (p < 0.0001), indicating excellent construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.80–0.89 and above 0.90, which indicate good and excellent reliability, respectively. The Indonesian version of ASS shows good psychometric properties among family caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Indonesia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00393-x
Esraa Darwish, Ahmed Mubarak, Mai Eissa, Reham Amer
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mental illness that is usually associated with significant morbidity causing critical impairment in socio-occupational functioning and even mortality. Social rhythm therapy (SRT) has been suggested as an adjunctive psychotherapy in BD treatment protocols, with its proposed benefits of accelerating recovery from bipolar episodes, delaying relapses, and upgrading patients’ functioning. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of combining SRT with pharmacological treatment, as compared to pharmacotherapy alone, in a sample of Egyptian BD patients. Sixty eligible bipolar patients were enrolled in this comparative study by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups for comparison; group I included 30 BD-I patients treated as usual (TAU) with pharmacological treatment only, while group II included 30 BD patients treated with social rhythm therapy in addition to the traditional psychotropic medications. Manic and depressive symptoms as well as socio-occupational functioning were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Socio-occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Patients treated with SRT therapy showed significant improvement in their manic and depressive symptoms as well as socio-occupational functioning after 3 months of treatment by 65.76%, 55.87%, and 52.5%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that the gender and age of the patient could significantly predict improvement of MDQ% in group II, while none of the studied variables could significantly predict the percentage of change in HDRS or SOFAS. SRT could be a promising adjunctive therapy promoting early recovery of BD patients compared to standalone pharmacological treatment.
{"title":"Effect of combining social rhythm therapy to treatment of bipolar disorder versus treatment as usual: a comparative study on a sample of Egyptian patients","authors":"Esraa Darwish, Ahmed Mubarak, Mai Eissa, Reham Amer","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00393-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00393-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mental illness that is usually associated with significant morbidity causing critical impairment in socio-occupational functioning and even mortality. Social rhythm therapy (SRT) has been suggested as an adjunctive psychotherapy in BD treatment protocols, with its proposed benefits of accelerating recovery from bipolar episodes, delaying relapses, and upgrading patients’ functioning. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of combining SRT with pharmacological treatment, as compared to pharmacotherapy alone, in a sample of Egyptian BD patients. Sixty eligible bipolar patients were enrolled in this comparative study by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups for comparison; group I included 30 BD-I patients treated as usual (TAU) with pharmacological treatment only, while group II included 30 BD patients treated with social rhythm therapy in addition to the traditional psychotropic medications. Manic and depressive symptoms as well as socio-occupational functioning were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Socio-occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Patients treated with SRT therapy showed significant improvement in their manic and depressive symptoms as well as socio-occupational functioning after 3 months of treatment by 65.76%, 55.87%, and 52.5%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that the gender and age of the patient could significantly predict improvement of MDQ% in group II, while none of the studied variables could significantly predict the percentage of change in HDRS or SOFAS. SRT could be a promising adjunctive therapy promoting early recovery of BD patients compared to standalone pharmacological treatment.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00396-8
Asem Abdualziz S. Alageel
The prevalence of any disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) is 34.2% in Saudi Arabia over the course of a person's lifetime. Young Saudis are more likely to develop major depressive disorder than older Saudis. Globally, postgraduate students are more vulnerable to developing depression compared to the general population. According to a national study carried out in Saudi Arabia, a small proportion of individuals experiencing psychiatric disorders over a period of 12 months receive any kind of treatment. This highlights the importance of community education aimed at enhancing mental health awareness. A web-based Arabic cross-sectional survey was conducted among Saudi postgraduate students from October 2019 to August 2020. The survey included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, sources of information, depression literacy (D-Lit), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, and the participants’ attitudes toward depression. A total of 517 participants took part in the survey, with 46% of them screened positive for depression. The mean D-Lit score was 10.65, which was lower than that reported in studies conducted among medical students and hospital staff. No significant differences were found in D-Lit scores across all sociodemographic characteristics, except for gender and specialty (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). The Internet, awareness posters, a doctor (previously diagnosed with depression), and awareness activities related to depression showed significant differences in the mean score of D-Lit (p < 0.001, 0.005, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). In Saudi Arabia, this study found that postgraduate students have a notably higher occurrence of depression compared to the general population. However, despite their higher educational level, these students lacked sufficient awareness and understanding of depression to recognize it and seek help. Consequently, it is important to initiate awareness campaigns aimed at enhancing the mental well-being of postgraduate student
{"title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression literacy (D-Lit) among Saudi postgraduate students","authors":"Asem Abdualziz S. Alageel","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00396-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00396-8","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of any disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) is 34.2% in Saudi Arabia over the course of a person's lifetime. Young Saudis are more likely to develop major depressive disorder than older Saudis. Globally, postgraduate students are more vulnerable to developing depression compared to the general population. According to a national study carried out in Saudi Arabia, a small proportion of individuals experiencing psychiatric disorders over a period of 12 months receive any kind of treatment. This highlights the importance of community education aimed at enhancing mental health awareness. A web-based Arabic cross-sectional survey was conducted among Saudi postgraduate students from October 2019 to August 2020. The survey included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, sources of information, depression literacy (D-Lit), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, and the participants’ attitudes toward depression. A total of 517 participants took part in the survey, with 46% of them screened positive for depression. The mean D-Lit score was 10.65, which was lower than that reported in studies conducted among medical students and hospital staff. No significant differences were found in D-Lit scores across all sociodemographic characteristics, except for gender and specialty (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). The Internet, awareness posters, a doctor (previously diagnosed with depression), and awareness activities related to depression showed significant differences in the mean score of D-Lit (p < 0.001, 0.005, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively). In Saudi Arabia, this study found that postgraduate students have a notably higher occurrence of depression compared to the general population. However, despite their higher educational level, these students lacked sufficient awareness and understanding of depression to recognize it and seek help. Consequently, it is important to initiate awareness campaigns aimed at enhancing the mental well-being of postgraduate student","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00391-z
Sabah E. Fathy, Amany M. AbdAllah, Hala Ahmed El-Maghawry, Lamis Ibrahim Ali, Rania Y. Helal
Psychiatric comorbidities, and sleep disorders, are prevalent in adults with epilepsy (AWE). Good control of epilepsy can help AWE lead a normal fruitful life and incorporate in daily activities as others. This study aims to assess the frequency, risk factors of depression, and poor sleep quality among patients with epilepsy and examine their relation with epilepsy control. This cross-sectional study was accomplished during the period from January to October 2023 involving 179 AWE. All were exposed to complete history taking: stressing on personal data, evaluation of medication adherence using the modified Morisky scale, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depressive symptoms evaluated by the Zagazig Depression Scale. Depression was reported in 22.2% of studied patients; while 44.4% had poorer epilepsy control. Poor sleep quality was reported in 35.2% of epilepsy patients and was associated with non-adherence and poor seizure control. Depression increased the risk of poor control by about 16-folds. Non-adherence was associated with depression and poor sleep quality and was one of the predictors of poor epilepsy control. Depression and poor sleep quality can impair the outcome of PWE and also there is a strong association between depression and poor sleep quality among PWE and both impair seizure control.
{"title":"Depression and poor sleep: neglected prevalent issues among adult epileptic patients","authors":"Sabah E. Fathy, Amany M. AbdAllah, Hala Ahmed El-Maghawry, Lamis Ibrahim Ali, Rania Y. Helal","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00391-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00391-z","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric comorbidities, and sleep disorders, are prevalent in adults with epilepsy (AWE). Good control of epilepsy can help AWE lead a normal fruitful life and incorporate in daily activities as others. This study aims to assess the frequency, risk factors of depression, and poor sleep quality among patients with epilepsy and examine their relation with epilepsy control. This cross-sectional study was accomplished during the period from January to October 2023 involving 179 AWE. All were exposed to complete history taking: stressing on personal data, evaluation of medication adherence using the modified Morisky scale, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and depressive symptoms evaluated by the Zagazig Depression Scale. Depression was reported in 22.2% of studied patients; while 44.4% had poorer epilepsy control. Poor sleep quality was reported in 35.2% of epilepsy patients and was associated with non-adherence and poor seizure control. Depression increased the risk of poor control by about 16-folds. Non-adherence was associated with depression and poor sleep quality and was one of the predictors of poor epilepsy control. Depression and poor sleep quality can impair the outcome of PWE and also there is a strong association between depression and poor sleep quality among PWE and both impair seizure control.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00392-y
Aristides Fernandes Neto, Letícia Paviani, Rafaela Sirtoli, Camilo M. Guidoni, Edmarlon Girotto, Arthur Eumann Mesas, Renne Rodrigues
This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties and the convergent validity of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and linear regression adjusted for confounding factors were performed to obtain the adjusted beta value (βadj) for sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), burnout (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). The study population consisted of 3187 young adult university students. The CFA indicated adequate fits for the one- and two-factor structure of the ASSIST, with better indices for the two-factor model. Convergent validity results confirmed the best fit of the one-factor model (version 3.1), in which individuals classified as “suggestive of dependence” showed a greater effect on worse sleep quality (βadj 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.84), burnout (βadj 12.25, 95% CI 8.43–16.06), and depressive symptoms (βadj 6.69, 95% CI 5.37–8.00). The results and the literature review indicated that the one-factor presents an adequate factor structure and better convergent validity.
这项横断面研究旨在评估酗酒、吸烟和药物依赖筛查测试（ASSIST）的心理测量特性和收敛效度。研究人员对睡眠质量（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数）、职业倦怠（哥本哈根职业倦怠量表）和抑郁症状（患者健康问卷-9）进行了确认性因素分析（CFA）和线性回归，并对混杂因素进行了调整，以获得调整后的β值（βadj）。研究对象包括 3187 名青年大学生。CFA结果表明，ASSIST的单因素和双因素结构拟合充分，双因素模型的指数更好。收敛效度结果证实了单因素模型（3.1 版）的最佳拟合，其中被归类为 "暗示依赖 "的个体对睡眠质量（βadj 2.16，95% 置信区间 (CI) 1.48-2.84）、职业倦怠（βadj 12.25，95% CI 8.43-16.06）和抑郁症状（βadj 6.69，95% CI 5.37-8.00）的影响更大。研究结果和文献综述表明，单因素模型具有适当的因素结构和较好的收敛效度。
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00395-9
Gellan K. Ahmed, Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan, Khaled Elbeh, Nourelhoda A. Haridy
Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis and can influence neurodevelopment and mental health outcomes. This review summarizes the current evidence on the associations between gut microbiota alterations and various psychiatric illnesses. The composition of the gut microbiome evolves from birth through old age, and disruptions during critical periods may increase disease risk. Factors like diet, medications, stress, and infections can disturb the gut microenvironment and lead to dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been linked to conditions like depression, anxiety, autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. Proposed mechanisms involve microbial regulation of neurotransmitters, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier permeability, and the immune system. Therapeutic strategies like probiotics, prebiotics, and faecal transplantation may modulate the gut-brain axis and microbial ecosystem. However, more research is needed to elucidate the causal microbiota-psychiatry relationship. Understanding gut-brain interactions may uncover new possibilities for preventing and managing psychiatric disorders. A growing body of research points to a close relationship between gut microbiota and mental health. While the field is still emerging, dysbiosis of gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions. The underlying mechanisms likely involve the microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling pathways. Additional research with larger samples is required to establish causal links between specific microbial changes and psychiatric outcomes.
{"title":"Bridging the gap: associations between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders","authors":"Gellan K. Ahmed, Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan, Khaled Elbeh, Nourelhoda A. Haridy","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00395-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00395-9","url":null,"abstract":" Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis and can influence neurodevelopment and mental health outcomes. This review summarizes the current evidence on the associations between gut microbiota alterations and various psychiatric illnesses. The composition of the gut microbiome evolves from birth through old age, and disruptions during critical periods may increase disease risk. Factors like diet, medications, stress, and infections can disturb the gut microenvironment and lead to dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been linked to conditions like depression, anxiety, autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia. Proposed mechanisms involve microbial regulation of neurotransmitters, inflammation, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier permeability, and the immune system. Therapeutic strategies like probiotics, prebiotics, and faecal transplantation may modulate the gut-brain axis and microbial ecosystem. However, more research is needed to elucidate the causal microbiota-psychiatry relationship. Understanding gut-brain interactions may uncover new possibilities for preventing and managing psychiatric disorders. A growing body of research points to a close relationship between gut microbiota and mental health. While the field is still emerging, dysbiosis of gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions. The underlying mechanisms likely involve the microbiota-gut-brain axis signalling pathways. Additional research with larger samples is required to establish causal links between specific microbial changes and psychiatric outcomes.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00390-6
Rasha Saad Hussein, Shaimaa Samy Yousef
Suicide is a significant public health issue that has long-term impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Perceived social support can reduce the frequency of suicidal ideation (SI), which is an important precursor to later attempted and completed suicide. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of SI and perceived social support among students at Ain Shams University, compare SI and perceived social support among medical and non-medical students, and identify the factors affecting SI. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 745 students recruited from two medical and two non-medical faculties at Ain Shams University. The data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire, including socio-demographic characteristics, family relationships, daily habits, the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS), and the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). The mean age of participants was 20.1 ± 1.4, (58.1%) were females, and (7.2%) were cigarette smokers. SIS was statistically higher among non-medical students (19.89 ± 8.58) versus (16.60 ± 7.56) among medical ones. On the other hand, OSSS-3 was statistically higher among medical students, where (48.9%) of non-medical students reported poor social support versus (43.3%) among medical ones, and only (7.1%) of non-medical students reported strong social support versus (15.1%) among medical ones. The ordinal logistic regression revealed that non-medical education (OR = 1.74), smoking (OR = 2.16), dissatisfaction and neutral satisfaction regarding family relationships (OR = 6.49 and OR = 3.24, respectively), and low and moderate degrees of perceived social support (OR = 3.11 and OR = 1.81, respectively) are significant positive predictors of SI severity. Since SI is a serious issue among Ain Shams University students, screening is required as a secure element of initiatives to prevent youth suicide. As poor perceived social support was a significant predictor of SI severity, teaching parenting strategies to enhance family relationships and coping with stressful situations through lectures and media must be intensified.
自杀是一个重大的公共卫生问题，对个人、家庭和社区都有长期影响。感知到的社会支持可以降低自杀意念（SI）的发生频率，而自杀意念是日后企图自杀和自杀未遂的重要前兆。本研究旨在测量艾因夏姆斯大学（Ain Shams University）学生中自杀意念和感知到的社会支持的发生率，比较医学生和非医学生中自杀意念和感知到的社会支持，并确定影响自杀意念的因素。本研究对艾因夏姆斯大学两个医学系和两个非医学系的 745 名学生进行了横断面研究。数据通过自填式问卷收集，包括社会人口学特征、家庭关系、日常习惯、自杀意念量表（SIS）和奥斯陆社会支持量表（OSSS-3）。参与者的平均年龄为（20.1 ± 1.4）岁，女性（58.1%），吸烟者（7.2%）。据统计，非医科学生的 SIS（19.89 ± 8.58）高于医科学生的（16.60 ± 7.56）。另一方面，据统计，医科学生的 OSSS-3 较高，其中（48.9%）非医科学生表示社会支持较差，而医科学生则为（43.3%）；只有（7.1%）非医科学生表示社会支持较强，而医科学生则为（15.1%）。序数逻辑回归显示，非医学教育（OR = 1.74）、吸烟（OR = 2.16）、对家庭关系的不满意和中度满意（OR = 6.49 和 OR = 3.24）以及低度和中度感知社会支持（OR = 3.11 和 OR = 1.81）是 SI 严重程度的显著正向预测因素。由于SI是艾因夏姆斯大学学生中的一个严重问题，因此需要进行筛查，作为预防青少年自杀措施的一个安全要素。由于感知到的社会支持不足是 SI 严重程度的一个重要预测因素，因此必须通过讲座和媒体加强教导亲子策略，以增进家庭关系和应对压力情况。
{"title":"Impact of perceived social support on suicidal ideation among students at Ain Shams University","authors":"Rasha Saad Hussein, Shaimaa Samy Yousef","doi":"10.1186/s43045-023-00390-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00390-6","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is a significant public health issue that has long-term impacts on individuals, families, and communities. Perceived social support can reduce the frequency of suicidal ideation (SI), which is an important precursor to later attempted and completed suicide. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence of SI and perceived social support among students at Ain Shams University, compare SI and perceived social support among medical and non-medical students, and identify the factors affecting SI. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 745 students recruited from two medical and two non-medical faculties at Ain Shams University. The data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire, including socio-demographic characteristics, family relationships, daily habits, the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS), and the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). The mean age of participants was 20.1 ± 1.4, (58.1%) were females, and (7.2%) were cigarette smokers. SIS was statistically higher among non-medical students (19.89 ± 8.58) versus (16.60 ± 7.56) among medical ones. On the other hand, OSSS-3 was statistically higher among medical students, where (48.9%) of non-medical students reported poor social support versus (43.3%) among medical ones, and only (7.1%) of non-medical students reported strong social support versus (15.1%) among medical ones. The ordinal logistic regression revealed that non-medical education (OR = 1.74), smoking (OR = 2.16), dissatisfaction and neutral satisfaction regarding family relationships (OR = 6.49 and OR = 3.24, respectively), and low and moderate degrees of perceived social support (OR = 3.11 and OR = 1.81, respectively) are significant positive predictors of SI severity. Since SI is a serious issue among Ain Shams University students, screening is required as a secure element of initiatives to prevent youth suicide. As poor perceived social support was a significant predictor of SI severity, teaching parenting strategies to enhance family relationships and coping with stressful situations through lectures and media must be intensified.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139078334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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