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Diskursus Pembatasan Kekuasaan di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme 从宪法和宪政主义的角度探讨印度尼西亚的权力限制问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.595
Erham Erham*, Aman Ma’arij, Gufran Gufran
The purpose of this research is to describe the constitution as the most important legal document. The constitution is a very important rule for every nation and state, both those that have been independent for a long time and those that have just gained their independence. Because the state is an organization of power that includes a very large number of people, it is necessary to have a system of control (an effective system of restrictions). This is done through law (both written and unwritten, namely the constitution or basic laws). This research method is legal research. This article is the result of research on the issue of limiting the power of state government in terms of the constitution and the underlying constitutionalism. The discourse regarding limiting power is an integral part in countries that base themselves on constitutional democracy, such as the Republic of Indonesia, where the constitution actually acts as an instrument or means for regulating and controlling power.The idea that government power needs to be limited because the State is run by humans and that humans are without exception inherent in many weaknesses. His proposition which later became famous reads as follows: "humans who have power tend to abuse that power, but humans who have unlimited power will certainly abuse it in an unlimited way (power tends to corrupt, but absolute power corrupts absolutely)
本研究的目的是描述宪法这一最重要的法律文件。宪法对于每个民族和国家来说都是非常重要的规则,无论是独立已久的民族和国家,还是刚刚获得独立的民族和国家。由于国家是一个包含大量人口的权力组织,因此有必要建立一个控制系统(有效的限制系统)。这是通过法律(成文法和不成文法,即宪法或基本法)来实现的。这种研究方法就是法律研究。本文是从宪法和基本宪法学的角度对限制国家政府权力问题进行研究的成果。在以宪政民主为基础的国家,如印度尼西亚共和国,有关限制权力的论述是不可或缺的一部分,在这些国家,宪法实际上是规范和控制权力的工具或手段。他的主张后来成为名言,其内容如下"拥有权力的人往往会滥用权力,但拥有无限权力的人一定会无限地滥用权力(权力趋于腐败,但绝对权力绝对腐败)。
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引用次数: 0
Urgensi Penyatuan Lembaga Penegak Hukum di Laut Indonesia 统一印度尼西亚海域执法机构的紧迫性
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.556
Andi Muhammad Ridha, Moh Heri, Bayu Tri Setiaji
In its efforts to enforce law at sea, Indonesia has 13 law enforcement agencies at sea. Six of these institutions have maritime patrol task forces. The number of law enforcement agencies in Indonesian seas is considered negative by several parties because of the potential for the authority of each agency to overlap. This research aims to find out what the condition of maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia is and what are the considerations for unifying maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia. This research is normative research related to maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia. There are at least 13 law enforcement agencies in Indonesian seas. The unification of maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia is necessary because unclear roles and authority, as well as a lack of coordination between agencies, have resulted in ineffectiveness in law enforcement and maritime security management. Indonesia needs unification of authority to strengthen all security, safety and maritime law enforcement functions in Indonesia
在海上执法方面,印度尼西亚有 13 个海上执法机构。其中六个机构拥有海上巡逻特遣部队。印尼海上执法机构的数量被多方认为是负面的,因为每个机构的权力有可能重叠。本研究旨在了解印尼海上执法机构的状况,以及统一印尼海上执法机构的考虑因素。本研究是与印尼海事执法机构相关的规范性研究。印度尼西亚海域至少有 13 个执法机构。印尼海事执法机构的统一是必要的,因为职责和权限不明确以及机构间缺乏协调,导致执法和海事安全管理效率低下。印尼需要统一权力,以加强印尼的所有安保、安全和海事执法职能
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引用次数: 0
Efektivitas Ketentuan Insentif dan Disinsentif Terkait Perizinan Pemanfaatan Ruang Pada Zona Perdagangan dan Jasa Berdasarkan Perda Nomor 5 Tahun 2012 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Sungai Penuh Tahun 2011 – 2031 根据 2012 年第 5 号区域法规,有关 2011 - 2031 年双溪槟城区域空间规划的贸易和服务区空间使用许可证相关激励和抑制条款的有效性。
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.590
Harifinal Harifinal, Abdul Bari Azed, S. Supeno
Even though the Regional Regulation on the Regional RTRW of Sungai Banyak City has been stipulated, the use of existing space is not yet in accordance with the plans that have been determined. This is indicated by the fact that the building does not meet the building construction requirements for both KDB, GSB and KDH. Provisions on Incentives and Disincentives Related to Licensing for Space Utilization in Trade and Service Zones based on the Regional Regulation on the RTRW of Sungai Banyak City have not been implemented effectively, this can be seen from the 182 Building Approvals that have been issued by the Sungai Full City Government from 2021 to 2023, they are not implemented provisions for incentives and disincentives for controlling space utilization. Factors that become obstacles include the fact that the Regional Regulation has not yet been established, there is still a lack of Satpol PP members, the facilities and infrastructure are still not complete, the community's legal awareness is still low, and people are building houses using the process of adjunct direction from traditional institutions. The efforts made by the Regional Government of Sungai Banyak City to overcome these obstacles include drafting the Draft Regional Regulation on the RTRW Revision, proposing additional members of the Civil Service Police Unit, maximizing honorary personnel, procuring facilities and infrastructure, socializing the Regional Regulation on Spatial Planning to the community, collaborating with traditional institutions in the planning process , utilization and control of the spatial planning of Sungai Banyak City.
尽管《双溪班亚克市区域零售和零售设施工程区域条例》已做出规定,但现有空间的 使用仍不符合已确定的计划。这表现在该建筑不符合 KDB、GSB 和 KDH 的建筑要求。根据《双溪班亚克市区域性贸易和服务设施管理条例》,有关贸易和服务区空间使用许可 的奖惩规定并未得到有效实施,这一点从双溪满市政府在 2021 年至 2023 年期间颁发的 182 份建筑批准书中可以看出,这些批准书并未实施有关控制空间使用的奖惩规定。成为障碍的因素包括:区域法规尚未建立、Satpol PP 成员仍然缺乏、设施和基础设施仍然不完善、社区法律意识仍然淡薄、人们在建房过程中使用传统机构的辅助指导。为克服这些障碍,双溪邦雅市区域政府所做的努力包括:起草《区域条例》(RTRW)修订草案、建议增加公务员警察部队成员、最大限度地增加荣誉人员、采购设施和基础设施、向社区宣传《区域空间规划条例》、在规划过程中与传统机构合作、利用和控制双溪邦雅市的空间规划。
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引用次数: 0
Pemidanaan Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Oleh Suami Terhadap Istri 将丈夫对妻子实施家庭暴力的行为人定罪
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.588
Nyimas Enny Fitriya Wardhany
Domestic violence, especially that committed by husbands against their wives, is actually not a new thing. However, so far it has always been kept secret or covered up by the family, as well as by the victim himself or the family. Violence that occurs in the household contains something specific or special. The impact of violence experienced by wives can have psychological consequences such as anxiety, moodiness, depression, insecurity, loss of trust in their husbands, self-blame and so on. Physical consequences such as bruises, broken bones, physical disabilities, menstrual disorders, uterine damage, miscarriages, infectious diseases, psychomatic diseases and even death. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the punishment of perpetrators of domestic violence by husbands against wives.
家庭暴力,尤其是丈夫对妻子的家庭暴力,其实并不是什么新鲜事。然而,迄今为止,它总是被家庭、受害者本人或家庭所隐瞒或掩盖。发生在家庭中的暴力有其特殊性。妻子遭受暴力的影响会造成心理后果,如焦虑、情绪低落、抑郁、缺乏安全感、对丈夫失去信任、自责等。身体方面的后果包括瘀伤、骨折、身体残疾、月经失调、子宫损伤、流产、传染病、精神疾病甚至死亡。因此,本文旨在分析丈夫对妻子实施家庭暴力的施暴者应受到的惩罚。
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引用次数: 0
Sanksi Adat Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perzinaan di Desa Tangkit Kecamatan Sungai Gelam Kabupaten Muaro Jambi 穆阿罗占碑县双溪格兰分区唐吉村对通奸罪犯罪人的习俗制裁
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.591
I. Hidayat, M. C. Idrah
This research discusses customary sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of adultery in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The formulation of the problem of this research is how the existence of customary sanctions in the criminal act of adultery through customary law in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency, what are the obstacles faced in resolving the criminal act of adultery through customary law in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency and what efforts are made to overcome the obstacles to the criminal act of adultery through customary law in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency. To analyse these problems, the approach used in research on customary sanctions against perpetrators of adultery in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam District, Muaro Jambi Regency as one of the sources of law is empirical, namely an approach to the problem studied by looking at the provisions contained in the applicable laws and regulations and then whether the regulations are applied properly or not in the implementation of law enforcement. To examine the three existing problems, the theory of criminal sanctions is used. The results of this study indicate that the form of settlement of adultery cases in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi Regency is carried out in a way, namely: expulsion from the village / village but previously a village wash was held first, namely giving one buffalo, 100 bushels of rice, 50 coconuts and selemak semanis. Then the perpetrator apologised for his actions and signed the peace agreement on a stamp duty of RP. 6,000.00 (Surat Setih) in 8 (eight) copies to be forwarded to the Regent, local police, sub-district head, village head, customary chief, relatives and the person concerned. The customary decision must be implemented by the perpetrator with a maximum grace period of 3 months to implement it. When the sanctions have been imposed by the customary institution for adultery, but the perpetrator is unable to fulfil them, the customary institution obliges the extended family of each party to participate in the customary settlement. Problems encountered in the settlement of adultery cases in Tangkit Village, Sungai Gelam Sub-District, Muaro Jambi Regency, namely: There is a difference of opinion between the enforcement of customary punishment between the youth and the tengganai elders and adultery cases that are resolved by national criminal law, the legal process takes a long time and is expensive, causing a lot of suffering to the perpetrator. Efforts to overcome the problems that occurred included a personal approach from the youth and tengganai elders to continue to apply customary criminal law as the original law of the Indonesian people, by means of all parties deliberating in a traditional meeting to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of national criminal law and customary criminal law and finally in a
本研究讨论了穆阿罗占碑省双溪格兰县唐吉村对通奸犯罪行为人的习俗制裁。本研究问题的提出是:在穆阿罗占碑省双溪格兰县 Tangkit 村,如何通过习惯法对通奸犯罪行为进行习惯性制裁;在通过习惯法解决 Tangkit 村通奸犯罪行为时面临哪些障碍、在通过习惯法解决武阿罗占碑县 Sungai Gelam 分区 Tangkit 村的通奸犯罪行为时面临哪些障碍,以及武阿罗占碑县 Sungai Gelam 分区 Tangkit 村为克服通奸犯罪行为的障碍做出了哪些努力。为了分析这些问题,在研究作为法律渊源之一的穆阿罗占碑省双溪格兰县唐吉村对通奸犯罪者的习惯制裁时所采用的方法是实证法,即通过考察适用法律法规中包含的规定,然后在执法过程中是否正确应用了这些规定来解决所研究的问题。为了研究现存的三个问题,采用了刑事制裁理论。研究结果表明,在武阿罗占碑省双溪格兰分区唐吉村,通奸案件的解决方式是:驱逐出村/村,但之前要先举行村洗,即给予一头水牛、100 蒲式耳大米、50 个椰子和 selemak semanis。然后,肇事者为自己的行为道歉,并在印花税为 6 000.00 尼泊尔卢比的和平协议上签字。6,000.00 印尼盾(Surat Setih),一式八份,分别送交摄政王、当地警察、分区负责人、村长、习俗首领、亲属和当事人。行为人必须在最长 3 个月的宽限期内执行习俗决定。如果习俗机构对通奸行为进行了处罚,但行为人无法履行处罚,则习俗机构会责成双方的大家庭参与习俗解决。在 Muaro Jambi 县 Sungai Gelam 分区 Tangkit 村解决通奸案件时遇到的问题有青年和 tengganai 长老之间在执行习俗惩罚和通过国家刑法解决通奸案件方面存在意见分歧,法律程序耗时长、费用高,给犯罪者造成了很大痛苦。为解决这些问题所做的努力包括:青年和 tengganai 长老亲自出面,继续适用作为印度尼西亚人民原始法律的习惯刑法;各方在传统会议上商议,权衡国家刑法和习惯刑法的利弊,最终在传统会议上决定使用习惯刑法解决这起通奸案件,因为法律程序时间不长,费用也可以承受;Muaro Jambi 摄政区 Sungai Gelam 县 Tangkit 村的习惯机构出面。在占碑习惯法(即 Induk Undan Nan Lima、Pucuk undang Nan Eight 和 Anak undang Nan Twelve)的基础上,向社区提供社会化教育,使人们知道习惯刑法仍然存在、适用并具有永久的法律效力。建议占碑省政府提供并要求每个社区参加宗教活动,如诵经和定期讲座,从而加强社区的虔诚和信仰,而不仅仅是欲望,以避免偏差行为,占碑省的习俗机构应能够根据占碑习惯法提供社会化和咨询、在这方面,《占碑省习惯法》(即 Induk undang Nan Lima、Pucuk undang Nan Eight 和 Anak undang Nan twelve)指出,习惯刑法可以快速解决通奸案件,法律程序不长,费用也在可承受范围之内。
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引用次数: 0
HAM Beragama dalam perspektif Filsafat Ilmu Hukum 法律哲学视角下的宗教人权
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.589
Fatriansyah Fatriansyah, Bunyamin Alamsyah
Religious human rights have a very important position. Religious Human Rights are autonomous as a consequence of God-given nature for human glory. In modern thought, these natural rights can be formulated humanistically through rational reasoning without having to relate to the existence of God. Therefore, human rights must be fully given the same freedom and opportunity.
宗教人权具有非常重要的地位。宗教人权是上帝赋予人类荣耀的自然结果。在现代思想中,这些自然权利可以通过理性推理以人文主义的方式加以表述,而不必涉及上帝的存在。因此,必须充分给予人权同样的自由和机会。
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引用次数: 0
Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jambi Nomor: 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Jmb Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencabulan Terhadap Anak 对占碑地区法院第 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Jmb 号关于猥亵儿童罪判决的司法分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.592
Indah Rizeki Febriani Sari, S. Sahabuddin, R. A. Gani
Children are a gift given by God Almighty, whether a man or a woman. Children are the future successors of the nation who will be the country's main asset to achieve prosperity in the future. Therefore, it is appropriate for children to receive good treatment by being cared for, educated, looked after and protected by the state. However, currently there is still a lot of violence against children, especially in the form of sexual violence. The objectives of the research are 1.) To find out and analyze how the judge considered in deciding case Number 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jmb., 2.) To find out and analyze the judge's decision in case Number 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jmb. has fulfilled the sense of justice or not
无论是男人还是女人,孩子都是万能的上帝赐予的礼物。儿童是国家未来的接班人,是国家未来实现繁荣昌盛的主要财富。因此,儿童理应得到良好的待遇,受到国家的关爱、教育、照顾和保护。然而,目前针对儿童的暴力事件仍然很多,尤其是性暴力。本研究的目标是 1)2) 了解并分析法官在第 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jmb.号案件中的判决是否符合正义感; 3) 了解并分析法官在第 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jmb.号案件中的判决是否符合正义感; 4) 了解并分析法官在第 276/Pid.Sus/2023/PN Jmb.号案件中的判决是否符合正义感。
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引用次数: 0
Perencanaan dan Penggunaan Alokasi Dana Desa (Studi Kasus Desa Sungai Bertam, Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi) 村庄基金分配的规划与利用(占碑省 Muaro Jambi Luar Kota 县 Sungai Bertam 村案例研究)
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.576
Nazifah Nazifah, Nadia Indah Sari
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan dan penggunaan alokasi dana desa, kendala dan Upaya mengatasi kendala dalam perencanaan dan penggunaan alokasi dana desa ,Studi Kasus Desa Sungai Bertam Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan socio legal research, tekning pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan informan yaitu kepala desa tahun 2023 Metode analisis data menggunakan Teknik deskriptif analytic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proses pengelolaan alokasi dana desa sudah melalui tahap perencanaan yang melibatkan partisipasi Masyarakat dengan prioritas Pembangunan fisik berupa jalan rabat beton dan sumur bor hanya saja dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat beberapa kendala cuaca dan kerusakan alat sumur bor yang tidak di prediksi dalam proses perencanaan sehingga dapat menghambat Pembangunan
本研究旨在确定村庄资金分配的规划和使用情况,以及在规划和使用村庄资金分配过程中遇到的障碍和为克服这些障碍所做的努力。采用的研究类型是规范法学与社会法学研究方法,数据收集技术是通过对信息提供者(即 2023 年的村长)进行有目的的抽样访谈,数据分析方法采用描述性分析技术。结果表明,村级资金分配的管理过程经历了一个有社区参与的规划阶段,优先考虑的是以混凝土回填道路和打井形式进行的物质发展,只是在实施过程中出现了一些在规划过程中没有预测到的天气限制和打井工具损坏,从而阻碍了发展。
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引用次数: 0
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Tenaga Medis Yang Melakukan Pengguguran Kandungan 实施产科流产的医务人员的刑事责任
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.587
Muhammad Bima Alfaresi, Muhmmad Zen Abdullah, Sarbaini Sarbaini
Medical personnel have a code of ethics in carrying out their duties in providing health services to patients. However, it is found that medical personnel perform abortion, then this fulfils the elements of a criminal offence and is accountable as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP) prohibiting abortion without exception, then the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 Year 2009. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the Criminal Liability of Medical Personnel Who Perform Obstetric Miscarriages
医务人员在履行为患者提供医疗服务的职责时,必须遵守职业道德规范。然而,如果发现医务人员实施堕胎,那么这就符合刑事犯罪的要件,应按照《刑法典》(KUHP)关于无一例外禁止堕胎的规定以及《印度尼西亚共和国 2009 年第 36 号法》的规定追究其责任。因此,本文旨在分析实施产科流产的医务人员的刑事责任。
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引用次数: 0
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Debitor Terhadap Penarikan Objek Jaminan Yang Masih Terikat Dalam Hubungan Perlindungan Angsuran Kreditur Debitur 防止债务人撤回仍受分期付款保护关系约束的抵押物的法律保护 债权人 债务人
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.33087/legalitas.v16i1.586
Aidil Munsaf, Suzanalisa Suzanalisa, Fatriansyah Fatriansyah
Finance companies in providing financing credit to their consumers use a Fiduciary guarantee system. Legal protection for debtors upon withdrawal of fiduciary collateral objects following the constitutional court decision Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 has been regulated in a preventive and repressive manner. Preventively, legal protection for debtors upon withdrawal of fiduciary collateral objects has been regulated in the provisions of the Fiduciary Guarantee Law which was then confirmed in the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 130/PMK.010/2012. Apart from that, preventive protection is also emphasized in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 2/PUU-XIX/2021 in conjunction with the Constitutional Court Decision 18/PUU-XVII/2019. If the debtor objects to having his vehicle taken, the leasing party or debt collector may not take the vehicle by force. This vehicle may be taken if there has been a court decision with permanent legal force. What the public needs to know is that the way to enforce unlawful acts committed by consumers who are in arrears on motor vehicle loans is by applying for execution in court, not by being taken by force. as for how to deal with Finance business actors and Debt Collectors who carry out their work.
金融公司在向其消费者提供融资信贷时使用信托担保制度。根据宪法法院第 2/PUU-XIX/2021 号裁决,在撤销信托抵押品时对债务人的法律保护以预防和压制的方式进行了规定。预防性方面,《信托担保法》的条款规定了在撤销信托抵押品时对债务人的法律保护,印度尼西亚共和国财政部长第130/PMK.010/2012号条例随后确认了该规定。此外,宪法法院第 2/PUU-XIX/2021 号决定和宪法法院第 18/PUU-XVII/2019 号决定也强调了预防性保护。如果债务人反对收回其车辆,租赁方或收债方不得强行收回车辆。如果法院判决具有永久法律效力,则可以扣押车辆。公众需要知道的是,对拖欠机动车贷款的消费者所实施的不法行为的强制执行方式是向法院申请执行,而不是被强行扣押。
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Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum
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