Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2064
Juliet Bangi, Fatima Sheirene M. Marajuli
Fermented seaweed extract (FSE) was used as fertilizer in peanut production at MSU Sulu –BARMM, Philippines. The experiment was set up in a 3 x 5 factorial in split-plot randomized complete block design (RCBD), with the main plot (A) as the frequency of the fertilizer applied - once a week, twice a week, and once a month while, the sub-plot (B) as the concentration at 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The application of fermented seaweed extract significantly influenced the growth parameters and yield responses in peanut production. The treatment combinations of once- and twice-a-week application of 5-10% fermented seaweed extract provided the best results in peanut growth and yield. FSE applied twice a week at 5% concentration gave the highest yield of 2.49 tons per hectare. Peanut applied with FSE once a week at a 5% concentration gave the lowest cost of expenses and the highest return on investment of 179%.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF FERMENTED SEAWEED EXTRACT AS FOLIAR FERTILIZER AT VARYING FREQUENCY AND CONCENTRATION IN PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) PRODUCTION","authors":"Juliet Bangi, Fatima Sheirene M. Marajuli","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2064","url":null,"abstract":"Fermented seaweed extract (FSE) was used as fertilizer in peanut production at MSU Sulu –BARMM, Philippines. The experiment was set up in a 3 x 5 factorial in split-plot randomized complete block design (RCBD), with the main plot (A) as the frequency of the fertilizer applied - once a week, twice a week, and once a month while, the sub-plot (B) as the concentration at 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The application of fermented seaweed extract significantly influenced the growth parameters and yield responses in peanut production. The treatment combinations of once- and twice-a-week application of 5-10% fermented seaweed extract provided the best results in peanut growth and yield. FSE applied twice a week at 5% concentration gave the highest yield of 2.49 tons per hectare. Peanut applied with FSE once a week at a 5% concentration gave the lowest cost of expenses and the highest return on investment of 179%.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1926
R. Pratiwi, Musyarofah Zuhri, Indah Oktaviani
Sapindus rarak is a plant native to Indonesia. Its fruit contains abundant saponins and serves as a detergent for washing batik and baby cloth diapers. This study aims to determine the trends in the S. rarak research based on a bibliometrics and scoping review. The bibliometrics analysis was conducted by defining the search keywords, extracting publications, refining the results, compiling metadata, and mapping authors, keywords, and collaboration. There were 32 publications regarding S. rarak based on Scopus, written by 23 authors between 1992 and 2022, with 387 citations, and 201 publications with 1176 citations due to Google Scholar. Indonesia, the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, and Elizabeth Wina was the most influential country, institution, and author, respectively. The research was clustered to chemistry, biology, medicine, and physics approach. Bio-prospection of S. rarak fruit extract for livestock supplementation was a hot topic. All articles reported S. rarak fruit or seed as the promising organ—no one study about the potency of leaves whereas leaves are also an abundant source of saponin. However, the potency of S. rarak leaves is still overlooked. Research on the efficacy of detergents has not been published in a highly reputable international journal, even though it has been utilized traditionally for a long time. Bibliometrics and scoping review can provide insights for further research roadmaps in this field.
{"title":"HOW CAN THE WORLD OVERLOOK Sapindus rarak BIOPROSPECTION? A NICHE FOR INDONESIA","authors":"R. Pratiwi, Musyarofah Zuhri, Indah Oktaviani","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1926","url":null,"abstract":"Sapindus rarak is a plant native to Indonesia. Its fruit contains abundant saponins and serves as a detergent for washing batik and baby cloth diapers. This study aims to determine the trends in the S. rarak research based on a bibliometrics and scoping review. The bibliometrics analysis was conducted by defining the search keywords, extracting publications, refining the results, compiling metadata, and mapping authors, keywords, and collaboration. There were 32 publications regarding S. rarak based on Scopus, written by 23 authors between 1992 and 2022, with 387 citations, and 201 publications with 1176 citations due to Google Scholar. Indonesia, the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, and Elizabeth Wina was the most influential country, institution, and author, respectively. The research was clustered to chemistry, biology, medicine, and physics approach. Bio-prospection of S. rarak fruit extract for livestock supplementation was a hot topic. All articles reported S. rarak fruit or seed as the promising organ—no one study about the potency of leaves whereas leaves are also an abundant source of saponin. However, the potency of S. rarak leaves is still overlooked. Research on the efficacy of detergents has not been published in a highly reputable international journal, even though it has been utilized traditionally for a long time. Bibliometrics and scoping review can provide insights for further research roadmaps in this field.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2030
R. W. Idayanti, Tatik Rohani, Fendi Yayuki, Alfian Nur Syahrul, Ajeng Ayu Saputri, Endang Puji Lestari, Agung Purnomoadi, Endang Purbowati, Mukh Arifin Hadi
This research was conducted to determine the chemical composition and anti-nutritional content of Carica Dieng seeds (Carica pubescens) and their in vitro digestibility after boiling. The process of boiling is frequently employed to reduce antinutrient content and increase the digestibility of nutrients. This research used a completely randomized design, consisting of three treatments with boiling durations of 0, 10, and 20 minutes, each repeated six times. The research revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the tannin and saponin levels of Carica Dieng seeds following the boiling process. The concentration of carica seed tannin was lowered to a range of 36-48%, while the saponin content decreased by 52-58%. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was conducted to assess the nutritional and amino acid composition of the seeds after boiling them for a duration of 10 minutes. Lysine (1.57% w/w) dominated the essential amino acids in Carica pubescens seeds, and glutamic acid (3.19% w/w) dominated the non-essential amino acids The digestibility of boiling carica seeds as feed was assessed by including them into complete feed at different proportions: 0% (T0), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), and 15% (T4). This experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The variables included in-vitro dry matter (DMD) and organic (OMD) digestibility. The DMD of carica seeds at a concentration of 0% showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) when compared to the addition of 5% carica seeds. However, there was no significant difference in DMD between adding carica seeds at levels of 10% and 15% in the total meal. The organic material digestibility variable showed that the treatment without carica seeds was not significantly different from adding 10% carica seeds but was substantially different from adding 5 and 15% carica seeds. Carica pubescens seed supplementation of up to 10-15% remains viable for inclusion in whole feed since it does not reduce digestibility.
{"title":"EFFECT OF BOILING CARICA PUBESCENS SEEDS ON ANTINUTRIENT CONTENT AND IN VITRO NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY","authors":"R. W. Idayanti, Tatik Rohani, Fendi Yayuki, Alfian Nur Syahrul, Ajeng Ayu Saputri, Endang Puji Lestari, Agung Purnomoadi, Endang Purbowati, Mukh Arifin Hadi","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2030","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to determine the chemical composition and anti-nutritional content of Carica Dieng seeds (Carica pubescens) and their in vitro digestibility after boiling. The process of boiling is frequently employed to reduce antinutrient content and increase the digestibility of nutrients. This research used a completely randomized design, consisting of three treatments with boiling durations of 0, 10, and 20 minutes, each repeated six times. The research revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the tannin and saponin levels of Carica Dieng seeds following the boiling process. The concentration of carica seed tannin was lowered to a range of 36-48%, while the saponin content decreased by 52-58%. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was conducted to assess the nutritional and amino acid composition of the seeds after boiling them for a duration of 10 minutes. Lysine (1.57% w/w) dominated the essential amino acids in Carica pubescens seeds, and glutamic acid (3.19% w/w) dominated the non-essential amino acids The digestibility of boiling carica seeds as feed was assessed by including them into complete feed at different proportions: 0% (T0), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), and 15% (T4). This experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The variables included in-vitro dry matter (DMD) and organic (OMD) digestibility. The DMD of carica seeds at a concentration of 0% showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) when compared to the addition of 5% carica seeds. However, there was no significant difference in DMD between adding carica seeds at levels of 10% and 15% in the total meal. The organic material digestibility variable showed that the treatment without carica seeds was not significantly different from adding 10% carica seeds but was substantially different from adding 5 and 15% carica seeds. Carica pubescens seed supplementation of up to 10-15% remains viable for inclusion in whole feed since it does not reduce digestibility.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1839
Fadjri Maarif, Cesar Andi Mappatoba
Forest and land fires in Indonesia need concern in handling it, specifically in conservation areas. Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL) is a conservation area that plays a role in preserving endemic plants and animals and their habitats. Research on the factors that influence forest fires in TNLL needs to be carried out to protect and prevent the risk of forest fires to protect the ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rainfall and land cover on the number of hotspots as an indicator of forest fires in TNLL in 2017-2021. Thus, preventive strategies can be carried out as early as possible to prevent forest fires. This research was conducted by analyzing spatially and statistically 2017-2021 rainfall data in Sigi and Poso Regencies, hotspot data from the TERRA/AQUA, SNPP, and MODIS-NASA satellite in 2017-2021 in TNLL, and TNLL land cover data. In statistical analysis, rainfall data for hotspots was analyzed using Bivariate Pearson, and land cover data for hotspots was analyzed spatially using ArcMap. The results showed 55 hotspots in TNLL from 2017-2021. The Bivariate Pearson correlation test results between rainfall and hotspots are -0.028. The relationship between rainfall and hotspots shows a non-directional correlation. The lower the rainfall intensity, the more hotspots are found. Spatially, the highest number of hotspots occurred in areas with the land cover of secondary dryland forest types, with a total of 29 spots.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL AND LAND COVER ON THE NUMBER OF HOTSPOTS IN LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK","authors":"Fadjri Maarif, Cesar Andi Mappatoba","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.1839","url":null,"abstract":"Forest and land fires in Indonesia need concern in handling it, specifically in conservation areas. Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL) is a conservation area that plays a role in preserving endemic plants and animals and their habitats. Research on the factors that influence forest fires in TNLL needs to be carried out to protect and prevent the risk of forest fires to protect the ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rainfall and land cover on the number of hotspots as an indicator of forest fires in TNLL in 2017-2021. Thus, preventive strategies can be carried out as early as possible to prevent forest fires. This research was conducted by analyzing spatially and statistically 2017-2021 rainfall data in Sigi and Poso Regencies, hotspot data from the TERRA/AQUA, SNPP, and MODIS-NASA satellite in 2017-2021 in TNLL, and TNLL land cover data. In statistical analysis, rainfall data for hotspots was analyzed using Bivariate Pearson, and land cover data for hotspots was analyzed spatially using ArcMap. The results showed 55 hotspots in TNLL from 2017-2021. The Bivariate Pearson correlation test results between rainfall and hotspots are -0.028. The relationship between rainfall and hotspots shows a non-directional correlation. The lower the rainfall intensity, the more hotspots are found. Spatially, the highest number of hotspots occurred in areas with the land cover of secondary dryland forest types, with a total of 29 spots.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2054
R. Masithoh, Farid R Abadi, Lilik Sutiarso, Sri Rahayoe
Soybean characterization is essential to ensure product quality during distribution according to internal values. In this context, non-destructive characterization method, such as spectroscopy, offer an effective and efficient approach to testing soybean quality in field applications. Among the instruments that are widely used for testing soybean quality, the semi-portable visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectrometer operating at a specific range of 345 to 1033 nm has been proven effective. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate soybean seeds characterization using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with PCA and PLSR chemometric methods. The investigation was carried out using soybean seeds consisting of eight varieties locally produced on Java Island, Indonesia, including Dega1, Dena1, Deja2, Dering1, Devon1, Yellow Flap, Green, and Detam4, in the form of intact, crumble, flour, and paste. Several quality parameters such as protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, ash, water, chlorophyll, total carotene, vitamin C, and L*, a*, and b* values were measured across intact, crumble, flour, and paste samples. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that sample form and genotypes affected soybean classification. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) showed adequate model calibration for crude fiber, chlorophyll, total carotene, and vitamin C parameters. Based on this analysis, it could be concluded that Vis-NIR spectroscopy proved to be suitable for the classification and prediction of soybean characterization.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF INDONESIAN LOCAL SOYBEAN BASED ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VISIBLE - NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA WITH CHEMOMETRICS","authors":"R. Masithoh, Farid R Abadi, Lilik Sutiarso, Sri Rahayoe","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2054","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean characterization is essential to ensure product quality during distribution according to internal values. In this context, non-destructive characterization method, such as spectroscopy, offer an effective and efficient approach to testing soybean quality in field applications. Among the instruments that are widely used for testing soybean quality, the semi-portable visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectrometer operating at a specific range of 345 to 1033 nm has been proven effective. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate soybean seeds characterization using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with PCA and PLSR chemometric methods. The investigation was carried out using soybean seeds consisting of eight varieties locally produced on Java Island, Indonesia, including Dega1, Dena1, Deja2, Dering1, Devon1, Yellow Flap, Green, and Detam4, in the form of intact, crumble, flour, and paste. Several quality parameters such as protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, ash, water, chlorophyll, total carotene, vitamin C, and L*, a*, and b* values were measured across intact, crumble, flour, and paste samples. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that sample form and genotypes affected soybean classification. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) showed adequate model calibration for crude fiber, chlorophyll, total carotene, and vitamin C parameters. Based on this analysis, it could be concluded that Vis-NIR spectroscopy proved to be suitable for the classification and prediction of soybean characterization.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2159
Phong V. Nguyen, Hảo Vĩnh Lưu Nguyễn, Đạm T. Lê, Hạnh H. T. Nguyễn
This study investigated the dual role of Streptomyces rochei BT02 in promoting tomato growth and suppressing Fusarium solani, the causative agent of tomato root rot disease. Various assays were conducted to evaluate the plant growth-promoting attributes of strain BT02 including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Under in vitro conditions, strain BT02 exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics such as cellulose degradation, phosphate solubilization, IAA synthesis, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Application of strain BT02 significantly improved tomato seed germination (26.7%), with enhanced sprout and radicle lengths and seed vigor (38.6%). Greenhouse experiments revealed substantial increases in plant height, leaf and branch numbers, inflorescence, and flower number, emphasizing the positive impact of strain BT02 on overall plant growth. The BT02 strain demonstrated antagonistic efficacy of 45.3 to 58.9% against Fusarium solani, as evidenced by the dual culture and agar well diffusion methods. Under greenhouse conditions, strain BT02 significantly reduced disease incidence and demonstrated control efficacy of 41.6% against Fusarium solani, highlighting its biocontrol potential. This study provides insights into the mechanisms employed by Streptomyces rochei BT02 to enhance plant growth and suppress root rot disease, paving the way for its application as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATO GROWTH AND BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM SOLANI ROOT ROT DISEASE BY STREPTOMYCES ROCHEI BT02","authors":"Phong V. Nguyen, Hảo Vĩnh Lưu Nguyễn, Đạm T. Lê, Hạnh H. T. Nguyễn","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2159","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the dual role of Streptomyces rochei BT02 in promoting tomato growth and suppressing Fusarium solani, the causative agent of tomato root rot disease. Various assays were conducted to evaluate the plant growth-promoting attributes of strain BT02 including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Under in vitro conditions, strain BT02 exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics such as cellulose degradation, phosphate solubilization, IAA synthesis, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Application of strain BT02 significantly improved tomato seed germination (26.7%), with enhanced sprout and radicle lengths and seed vigor (38.6%). Greenhouse experiments revealed substantial increases in plant height, leaf and branch numbers, inflorescence, and flower number, emphasizing the positive impact of strain BT02 on overall plant growth. The BT02 strain demonstrated antagonistic efficacy of 45.3 to 58.9% against Fusarium solani, as evidenced by the dual culture and agar well diffusion methods. Under greenhouse conditions, strain BT02 significantly reduced disease incidence and demonstrated control efficacy of 41.6% against Fusarium solani, highlighting its biocontrol potential. This study provides insights into the mechanisms employed by Streptomyces rochei BT02 to enhance plant growth and suppress root rot disease, paving the way for its application as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2020
Pei Sin Tong, Ker Ning Chew, Hoe Yin Yik, Jin Zhe Tan
A paradigm shift from the prevailing reliance on chemical methods to alternative weed-control approaches is necessary to achieve sustainable weed management. However, the understanding of weed biology explaining “how” and “why” remains insufficient in facilitating this shift. This study employed a trait-based approach — examined the number of leaves, number of inflorescences, and height — to investigate the growth and developmental patterns of Amaranthus viridis, a weed species in the tropics, in response to NPK fertilization. The experiments were carried out in three sets of weeds — wild population (untreated and not transplanted; n = 6), NPK 15:15:15 (transplanted and fertilized with NPK 15:15:15 from March 2020 to September 2020; n = 30), and NPK 12:12:17 (transplanted and fertilized with NPK 12:12:17 from May 2021 to September 2021). The NPK treatment sets comprised five treatments, including one untreated control, with six replications for each treatment. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression (R2) in three models were estimated using leaves, inflorescences and height as dependent and independent variables. In Model 1, the number of leaves was the dependent variable and plant height was the independent variable; Model 2 included the number of inflorescences as the dependent variable and the number of leaves as the independent variable, whereas the number of inflorescences as the dependent variable and number of leaves and height as the independent variables were used in Model 3. All models exhibited a significantly positive correlation and R2 (p < 0.01). Specifically, Model 3, examining the interactions of inflorescence with leaf numbers and plant height, demonstrated higher values for both r and R2. In conclusion, this study reveals the distinct patterns of functional traits in A. viridis in response to fertilizers and within wild populations, providing predictive models applicable to diverse data types, with implications for understanding inherent growth and responses of weed species for sustainable weed management practices, particularly in collaboration with smallholder farmers.
{"title":"RESPONSE OF Amaranthus viridis PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS TO NPK 12:12:17 AND NPK 15:15:15 FERTILIZERS","authors":"Pei Sin Tong, Ker Ning Chew, Hoe Yin Yik, Jin Zhe Tan","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2020","url":null,"abstract":" A paradigm shift from the prevailing reliance on chemical methods to alternative weed-control approaches is necessary to achieve sustainable weed management. However, the understanding of weed biology explaining “how” and “why” remains insufficient in facilitating this shift. This study employed a trait-based approach — examined the number of leaves, number of inflorescences, and height — to investigate the growth and developmental patterns of Amaranthus viridis, a weed species in the tropics, in response to NPK fertilization. The experiments were carried out in three sets of weeds — wild population (untreated and not transplanted; n = 6), NPK 15:15:15 (transplanted and fertilized with NPK 15:15:15 from March 2020 to September 2020; n = 30), and NPK 12:12:17 (transplanted and fertilized with NPK 12:12:17 from May 2021 to September 2021). The NPK treatment sets comprised five treatments, including one untreated control, with six replications for each treatment. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression (R2) in three models were estimated using leaves, inflorescences and height as dependent and independent variables. In Model 1, the number of leaves was the dependent variable and plant height was the independent variable; Model 2 included the number of inflorescences as the dependent variable and the number of leaves as the independent variable, whereas the number of inflorescences as the dependent variable and number of leaves and height as the independent variables were used in Model 3. All models exhibited a significantly positive correlation and R2 (p < 0.01). Specifically, Model 3, examining the interactions of inflorescence with leaf numbers and plant height, demonstrated higher values for both r and R2. In conclusion, this study reveals the distinct patterns of functional traits in A. viridis in response to fertilizers and within wild populations, providing predictive models applicable to diverse data types, with implications for understanding inherent growth and responses of weed species for sustainable weed management practices, particularly in collaboration with smallholder farmers.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2136
Kristianto Nugroho, M. Kosmiatin, Tri Joko Santoso, Dewi Sukma, Agus Purwito, Ali Husni, C. Martasari
Plant regeneration post-genetic transformation play an important an role in genome editing activities that should be optimized via several factors such as the composition of the medium and the concentration of plant growth regulators. This study aimed to optimize the kinetin concentrations and medium compositions for shoot multiplication originating from cotyledon node explants of several local citrus cultivars. The cotyledonary nodes from three citrus cultivars (Batu 55, Siam Madu, and Proksi-1 Agrihorti) were incubated in MS medium with Morel and Wetmore vitamins (VMW) supplemented with several kinetin concentrations (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1 mg/L). The best kinetin concentrations for number of shoots variable were then combined with MT medium. The results showed that kinetin concentration at 0.8 mg/L gave the best number of shoot in Batu 55 cultivar as well as 1 mg/L concentration in Siam Madu and Proksi-1 Agrihorti cultivars. The combination 1 mg/L kinetin with Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium showed the best number of shoots, percentage of shoot formation, number of leaves, number of nodes, and shoot length in this study. This medium composition could be further used for shoot multiplication in genetic transformation in those three citrus cultivars, including genome editing activities in development of new improved citrus varieties.
基因转化后的植物再生在基因组编辑活动中发挥着重要作用，应通过培养基的成分和植物生长调节剂的浓度等因素对其进行优化。本研究的目的是，优化从几个本地柑橘栽培品种的子叶节外植体中获得芽繁殖所需的激肽浓度和培养基成分。将三个柑橘栽培品种（Batu 55、Siam Madu 和 Proksi-1 Agrihorti）的子叶节培养在含有莫莱尔和韦特莫尔维生素（VMW）并添加了不同浓度（0；0.2；0.4；0.6；0.8 和 1 mg/L）生物素的 MS 培养基中。然后将对芽数量变量影响最佳的生物素浓度与 MT 培养基结合。结果表明，0.8 毫克/升浓度的松香素对 Batu 55 栽培品种和 1 毫克/升浓度的 Siam Madu 和 Proksi-1 Agrihorti 栽培品种的芽数最多。在本研究中，1 毫克/升酮素与 Murashige and Tucker（MT）培养基的组合在芽数、芽形成率、叶片数、节数和芽长方面均表现最佳。这种培养基组合可进一步用于这三种柑橘栽培品种的芽繁殖遗传转化，包括开发新的柑橘改良品种的基因组编辑活动。
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF KINETIN CONCENTRATIONS AND MEDIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR CITRUS SHOOT MULTIPLICATION FROM COTILEDONARY NODE","authors":"Kristianto Nugroho, M. Kosmiatin, Tri Joko Santoso, Dewi Sukma, Agus Purwito, Ali Husni, C. Martasari","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2136","url":null,"abstract":"Plant regeneration post-genetic transformation play an important an role in genome editing activities that should be optimized via several factors such as the composition of the medium and the concentration of plant growth regulators. This study aimed to optimize the kinetin concentrations and medium compositions for shoot multiplication originating from cotyledon node explants of several local citrus cultivars. The cotyledonary nodes from three citrus cultivars (Batu 55, Siam Madu, and Proksi-1 Agrihorti) were incubated in MS medium with Morel and Wetmore vitamins (VMW) supplemented with several kinetin concentrations (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1 mg/L). The best kinetin concentrations for number of shoots variable were then combined with MT medium. The results showed that kinetin concentration at 0.8 mg/L gave the best number of shoot in Batu 55 cultivar as well as 1 mg/L concentration in Siam Madu and Proksi-1 Agrihorti cultivars. The combination 1 mg/L kinetin with Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium showed the best number of shoots, percentage of shoot formation, number of leaves, number of nodes, and shoot length in this study. This medium composition could be further used for shoot multiplication in genetic transformation in those three citrus cultivars, including genome editing activities in development of new improved citrus varieties.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2172
Ivan Permana Putra, Oktan Dwi Nurhayat, Wahyu Aji Mahardika, Okta Yulia Sari
Clarkeinda trachodes is an interesting agaric and has been acknowledged as one of the poisonous mushrooms worldwide. This species has mentioned to be found in tropical regions of Asia, including Indonesia. However, no clear record has been found regarding the primary information and herbarium collection of this species in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom foraging at IPB University campus forest Indonesia, the basidiomata of Clarkeinda was encountered. The current study aimed to confirm the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. Fresh basidomata was observed on the macro- and micromorphological features. The molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were done based on ITS 1/2 sequence. The combination of morphological and molecular evidence confirmed our specimen as C. trachodes. Morphologically, Clarkeinda trachodes BO24637 can be determined by a large basidiocarp of Agaricales, prominent pellicle on disc pileus, notable ring, reddish brown context and stipe when injured, and truncate apex of basidiospores. The BLAST result showed that our specimen has a high similarity to C. trachodes as the top hits. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed by ITS sequence committed specimen BO24637 as C. trachodes with 100% BS value. The current study resolves a clear and accessible document of C. trachodes in Indonesia. In addition, we provided the morphological and molecular information as well as herbarium collection of C. trachodes in Indonesia, which can be used for future study of this species.
Clarkeinda trachodes 是一种有趣的姬松茸，是世界公认的毒蘑菇之一。该物种曾在亚洲热带地区被发现，包括印度尼西亚。不过，在印尼还没有关于该物种的原始信息和标本馆收集的明确记录。我们经常在印尼 IPB 大学校园森林中觅食蘑菇，期间遇到了 Clarkeinda 的基生菌。目前的研究旨在根据形态学和分子证据确认标本的分类位置。从宏观和微观形态特征上观察到了新鲜的基瘤。根据 ITS 1/2 序列进行了分子分析和系统发生树的构建。结合形态学和分子证据，确认我们的标本为沙眼衣壳虫。从形态学上看，Clarkeinda trachodes BO24637 的基部为大的姬松果，花盘绒毛上有明显的小柱，有明显的环纹，上下文和柄受伤后呈红褐色，基生孢子的先端截形。BLAST 结果表明，我们的标本与 C. trachodes 的相似度很高，为点击率最高的标本。此外，根据 ITS 序列构建的系统发生树将标本 BO24637 定义为 C. trachodes，BS 值为 100%。目前的研究为印度尼西亚的 C. trachodes 提供了清晰易懂的文献。此外，我们还提供了印度尼西亚 C. trachodes 的形态学和分子信息以及标本馆藏品，可用于今后对该物种的研究。
{"title":"RECENT COLLECTION OF THE POISONOUS MUSHROOM, Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.) FOR INDONESIA","authors":"Ivan Permana Putra, Oktan Dwi Nurhayat, Wahyu Aji Mahardika, Okta Yulia Sari","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2172","url":null,"abstract":"Clarkeinda trachodes is an interesting agaric and has been acknowledged as one of the poisonous mushrooms worldwide. This species has mentioned to be found in tropical regions of Asia, including Indonesia. However, no clear record has been found regarding the primary information and herbarium collection of this species in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom foraging at IPB University campus forest Indonesia, the basidiomata of Clarkeinda was encountered. The current study aimed to confirm the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. Fresh basidomata was observed on the macro- and micromorphological features. The molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were done based on ITS 1/2 sequence. The combination of morphological and molecular evidence confirmed our specimen as C. trachodes. Morphologically, Clarkeinda trachodes BO24637 can be determined by a large basidiocarp of Agaricales, prominent pellicle on disc pileus, notable ring, reddish brown context and stipe when injured, and truncate apex of basidiospores. The BLAST result showed that our specimen has a high similarity to C. trachodes as the top hits. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed by ITS sequence committed specimen BO24637 as C. trachodes with 100% BS value. The current study resolves a clear and accessible document of C. trachodes in Indonesia. In addition, we provided the morphological and molecular information as well as herbarium collection of C. trachodes in Indonesia, which can be used for future study of this species.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the marine organisms that are of significant economic importance. The habitat is distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia, within the extensive mangrove ecosystems, such as the estuary of Beladen in Dompak, Tanjungpinang. The Beladen estuary area features a flourishing mangrove ecosystem, which supports a diverse range of crab species, with a particular focus on the populations. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain several aspects of mangrove crab in the Beladen estuary, Tanjungpinang. Sampling by the census method was also carried out once every two weeks from May to June 2022. The results showed that the size composition of mangrove crab had a carapace width (CW) of 70-144 mm. The length-weight relationship reported that female and male exhibited a negative and positive allometric growth pattern (b < 3) and (b > 3), respectively. The proportion of male and female was 63% compared to 37% (sex ratio 1:0.59). The value of gonadal maturity index (GMI) in each size class ranged from 2,6512-7,1445 and 1,8751-6,7979 for male and female mangrove crab. Male and female gonadal maturity levels were predominantly categorized as II and III, indicating that crab with mature gonads was not encountered.
{"title":"BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MANGROVE CRAB (Scylla serrata) AT THE BELADEN ESTUARY, DOMPAK, TANJUNGPINANG, RIAU ISLANDS","authors":"Susiana Susiana, Dedy Kurniawan, Rochmady Rochmady, Isnaini Nurwisti, Bintan Rezky, Febrianti Lestari","doi":"10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2036","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the marine organisms that are of significant economic importance. The habitat is distributed in the coastal areas of Indonesia, within the extensive mangrove ecosystems, such as the estuary of Beladen in Dompak, Tanjungpinang. The Beladen estuary area features a flourishing mangrove ecosystem, which supports a diverse range of crab species, with a particular focus on the populations. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain several aspects of mangrove crab in the Beladen estuary, Tanjungpinang. Sampling by the census method was also carried out once every two weeks from May to June 2022. The results showed that the size composition of mangrove crab had a carapace width (CW) of 70-144 mm. The length-weight relationship reported that female and male exhibited a negative and positive allometric growth pattern (b < 3) and (b > 3), respectively. The proportion of male and female was 63% compared to 37% (sex ratio 1:0.59). The value of gonadal maturity index (GMI) in each size class ranged from 2,6512-7,1445 and 1,8751-6,7979 for male and female mangrove crab. Male and female gonadal maturity levels were predominantly categorized as II and III, indicating that crab with mature gonads was not encountered.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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