Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1551
R. Susanti, Karima Widiyastuti
Meat is part of duck carcass mostly consumed by humans compared to other parts. This study aimed to analyze the heavy metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of duck meat and its possible risks to human health. A total of 25 duck samples with their drinking water and feed were taken from five intensive duck farms in Central Java Province, i.e., Semarang (A), Temanggung (B), Magelang (C), Pati (D) and Salatiga (E). Heavy metals concentration (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were measured following the ICP-OES method. Heavy metals concentration data obtained were then compared with the quality standard. The BAF value was calculated and the risks to human health were assessed. Our study found that drinking water provided for ducks in all farms contained heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations exceeding the quality standards. Hg concentration of 0.089 - 5.01 ppm in duck feed exceeded the quality standard. Concentrations of Cd (0.0713 - 0.075 ppm) and Hg (3.1 - 4.84 ppm) in duck meat exceeded the quality standard. The average of BAF duck meat values was in the range of 0.443 - 0.955. The EDI value of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) for adults and children through consumption of duck meat in the Central Java region was lower than RfD. This study showed that the health risk parameters (EDI, HQ, and HI) were within safe limits. Exposure to heavy metals through duck meat consumption both in adults and children was unlikely to cause adverse health effects.
{"title":"HEAVY METAL BIOACCUMULATION IN DUCKS AND POSSIBLE RISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH","authors":"R. Susanti, Karima Widiyastuti","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1551","url":null,"abstract":"Meat is part of duck carcass mostly consumed by humans compared to other parts. This study aimed to analyze the heavy metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of duck meat and its possible risks to human health. A total of 25 duck samples with their drinking water and feed were taken from five intensive duck farms in Central Java Province, i.e., Semarang (A), Temanggung (B), Magelang (C), Pati (D) and Salatiga (E). Heavy metals concentration (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were measured following the ICP-OES method. Heavy metals concentration data obtained were then compared with the quality standard. The BAF value was calculated and the risks to human health were assessed. Our study found that drinking water provided for ducks in all farms contained heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations exceeding the quality standards. Hg concentration of 0.089 - 5.01 ppm in duck feed exceeded the quality standard. Concentrations of Cd (0.0713 - 0.075 ppm) and Hg (3.1 - 4.84 ppm) in duck meat exceeded the quality standard. The average of BAF duck meat values was in the range of 0.443 - 0.955. The EDI value of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) for adults and children through consumption of duck meat in the Central Java region was lower than RfD. This study showed that the health risk parameters (EDI, HQ, and HI) were within safe limits. Exposure to heavy metals through duck meat consumption both in adults and children was unlikely to cause adverse health effects.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78971294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1792
{"title":"MACROFUNGAL DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT VEGETATION COMPOSITIONS IN TEGHARI COMMUNITY FOREST, KAILALI, WEST NEPAL","authors":"","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1792","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1583
Abdulla- Al-Asif, A. Al-Asif
{"title":"THE MOLECULAR APPROACH REVEALS THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG VENUS CLAMS (Meretrix spp.) COMMUNITY IN MALAYSIA","authors":"Abdulla- Al-Asif, A. Al-Asif","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89701849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1669
{"title":"CADMIUM, NICKEL, AND LEAD CONCENTRATION OF MUNICIPAL DUMPSITE IN WESTERN SAMAR, PHILIPPINES","authors":"","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.3.1669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79049281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1690
S. Endayani, Andrew Stefano, Fathiah, Purbawati, I. Rosanti
A study was conducted to compare the urban forest management in three urban forests in Samarinda City. The application of GIS (Geographic Information System) is one of the alternatives to conduct a variety of processes such as: providing geographical information system, identifying the areas of urban forests in Samarinda, helping to plan the process of map digitalization and performing overlay process. The main method used for the data analysis process on the map was the overlay process data analysis technique. The research findings showed that: 1) the appointment of urban forests as the initial step of urban forest development needed more implementation from the government; 2) the urban forest determination needed more socialization to the owner of the urban forest and the public in 1992 and 2019; 3) the urban forests needed more management. There were some similarities and differences in the management of urban forests in the three study locations. The similarities among the three locations were that the three locations had already met the minimum standards of one urban forest location even though there was still one location outside of these three locations which did not meet the minimum standard. The differences were in managing the urban forests. These differences indicated that the urban forest policy was not fully implemented in Samarinda City.
对萨马林达市3个城市森林的城市森林管理进行了比较研究。GIS (Geographic Information System)的应用是提供地理信息系统、确定萨马林达城市森林区域、帮助规划地图数字化过程和进行覆盖过程等多种过程的替代方案之一。在地图上进行数据分析的主要方法是叠加过程数据分析技术。研究结果表明:1)城市森林作为城市森林发展的第一步，需要政府更多的实施;(2) 1992年和2019年城市森林的确定需要对城市森林所有者和公众进行更多的社会化;3)城市森林需要加强管理。三个研究地点的城市森林管理存在一定的相似性和差异性。这三个地点的相似之处在于，这三个地点已经达到了一个城市森林地点的最低标准，尽管在这三个地点之外还有一个地点没有达到最低标准。不同之处在于对城市森林的管理。这些差异表明城市森林政策在萨马林达市没有得到充分执行。
{"title":"MONITORING FOREST AREA CHANGE USING QUICKBIRD","authors":"S. Endayani, Andrew Stefano, Fathiah, Purbawati, I. Rosanti","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1690","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to compare the urban forest management in three urban forests in Samarinda City. The application of GIS (Geographic Information System) is one of the alternatives to conduct a variety of processes such as: providing geographical information system, identifying the areas of urban forests in Samarinda, helping to plan the process of map digitalization and performing overlay process. The main method used for the data analysis process on the map was the overlay process data analysis technique. The research findings showed that: 1) the appointment of urban forests as the initial step of urban forest development needed more implementation from the government; 2) the urban forest determination needed more socialization to the owner of the urban forest and the public in 1992 and 2019; 3) the urban forests needed more management. There were some similarities and differences in the management of urban forests in the three study locations. The similarities among the three locations were that the three locations had already met the minimum standards of one urban forest location even though there was still one location outside of these three locations which did not meet the minimum standard. The differences were in managing the urban forests. These differences indicated that the urban forest policy was not fully implemented in Samarinda City.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82403297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1625
B. Manguntungi, A. Sari, Ari Ariandi, A. Masniawati, L. R. Vanggy, Robby Erlangga, Muhammad Abdi Mahesa
Pathogenic bacterial contamination was a serious matter due to its capability in reducing food quality and health. This study aimed to select various types of algae in Luk Coast, Sumbawa Regency that have the potential to produce antibacterial compounds for natural food preservatives. Algae on Luk Coast was identified by means of morphological characters, followed by sample preparation and extraction of secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds). Algae extracts were used in antibacterial tests against food spoilage bacteria, such as Escherecia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella thypi , Enterobacter cloacae and Pantoea agglomerans . Five types of algae identified were Padina sp., Halimeda opuntia , Sargassum horneri , Sargassum crassifolium and Galaxaura rugose . The five algae have the growth-inhibiting ability toward the tested bacteria. The highest inhibition zone was obtained from the 100% algae extract concentration.
{"title":"SECONDARY METABOLITE OF SUMBAWA ALGAE AND ITS POTENTIAL AS A NATURAL PRESERVATIVE","authors":"B. Manguntungi, A. Sari, Ari Ariandi, A. Masniawati, L. R. Vanggy, Robby Erlangga, Muhammad Abdi Mahesa","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1625","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic bacterial contamination was a serious matter due to its capability in reducing food quality and health. This study aimed to select various types of algae in Luk Coast, Sumbawa Regency that have the potential to produce antibacterial compounds for natural food preservatives. Algae on Luk Coast was identified by means of morphological characters, followed by sample preparation and extraction of secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds). Algae extracts were used in antibacterial tests against food spoilage bacteria, such as Escherecia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella thypi , Enterobacter cloacae and Pantoea agglomerans . Five types of algae identified were Padina sp., Halimeda opuntia , Sargassum horneri , Sargassum crassifolium and Galaxaura rugose . The five algae have the growth-inhibiting ability toward the tested bacteria. The highest inhibition zone was obtained from the 100% algae extract concentration.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84084187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1656
{"title":"DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHO-ANATOMY AND GERMINATION OF THE SEEDS OF Pterocarpus indicus f. echinatus Willd. VARIANTS","authors":"","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86993795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1664
R. Indarjani, S. Nurhayati
The study of macrozoobenthic in seaweed culture in Muara Gembong Estuary, Bekasi District, West Java Province, was conducted in May to July 2018. The study was aimed at understanding the roles of macrozoobenthic organisms as ecosystem engineering in seaweed habitat by identifying macrozoobenthic community structures using various biological indices. Sampling sites were conducted at three selected intertidal ponds used for seaweed culture at different distances and perpendicular to the coastline. Samples of macrozoobenthic organisms were collected using an Ekman grab during low tide periods. The study results showed that the macrozoobenthic community from the three ponds were consisted of 9 major benthic families and 14 genera with a total of 139 individuals. The results also showed that gastropod of the genus Cerithiidae was the dominant taxa found in every pond which contributed to 42.45% of the total macrozoobenthic found in the three ponds and became the main contributing taxa to the macrozoobenthic community structure. In addition, genus Platynereis of the Polychaeta Class was found to be another important taxon which contributed to 14.39% of the total macrozoobenthic found in the three ponds. The genus Platynereis were mostly found in the second pond with muddy coarse sandy sediment substrate containing more silt compared to the other two ponds. The rare taxon was the genus Lithophaga from family Mytilidae represented by 1 individual. Our study concluded that the macrozoobenthic community structure in the three ponds was categorized as poorly diverse indicating that the pond system was unstable. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) was only 0.87 on average with the highest diversity index (H’=1.47) was found in the third pond located at the farthest area of the coastline. Meanwhile, the average of Evenness Index was 0.34 indicating that the distribution of the taxa was uneven with a tendency of being dominated by certain taxa.
{"title":"MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURES IN SEAWEED CULTURE PONDS IN MUARA GEMBONG ESTUARY, BEKASI , WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA","authors":"R. Indarjani, S. Nurhayati","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1664","url":null,"abstract":"The study of macrozoobenthic in seaweed culture in Muara Gembong Estuary, Bekasi District, West Java Province, was conducted in May to July 2018. The study was aimed at understanding the roles of macrozoobenthic organisms as ecosystem engineering in seaweed habitat by identifying macrozoobenthic community structures using various biological indices. Sampling sites were conducted at three selected intertidal ponds used for seaweed culture at different distances and perpendicular to the coastline. Samples of macrozoobenthic organisms were collected using an Ekman grab during low tide periods. The study results showed that the macrozoobenthic community from the three ponds were consisted of 9 major benthic families and 14 genera with a total of 139 individuals. The results also showed that gastropod of the genus Cerithiidae was the dominant taxa found in every pond which contributed to 42.45% of the total macrozoobenthic found in the three ponds and became the main contributing taxa to the macrozoobenthic community structure. In addition, genus Platynereis of the Polychaeta Class was found to be another important taxon which contributed to 14.39% of the total macrozoobenthic found in the three ponds. The genus Platynereis were mostly found in the second pond with muddy coarse sandy sediment substrate containing more silt compared to the other two ponds. The rare taxon was the genus Lithophaga from family Mytilidae represented by 1 individual. Our study concluded that the macrozoobenthic community structure in the three ponds was categorized as poorly diverse indicating that the pond system was unstable. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) was only 0.87 on average with the highest diversity index (H’=1.47) was found in the third pond located at the farthest area of the coastline. Meanwhile, the average of Evenness Index was 0.34 indicating that the distribution of the taxa was uneven with a tendency of being dominated by certain taxa.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84269486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-26DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1680
Bela Prapitasari, Ardyan Pramudya Kurniawan
The Curug Cibereum path as a tourist attraction in the Mount Gede Pangrango area is dominated by a lush tree, making it a suitable place to find a diversity of epiphytic orchids. This study aimed to determine the distribution pattern and diversity of epiphytic orchids along the Curug Cibereum path which is influenced by environtmental parameters. The research method was carried out by plotting ten plots on the right and left sides of the path, with each plot measuring 500 x 5 m and the distance between plots was 100 m. The results showed that there were 31 species of epiphytic orchids from 12 genera. The distribution pattern of epiphytic orchids was mostly clustered except for Oberonia lotsyana, which had a uniform pattern. The epiphytic orchid species with the highest INP were Bulbophyllum gibbosum with an INP value of 35% and Coelogyne speciosa with an INP value of 20%. Species diversity (H ') was moderate (H '=2.54), the evenness index (E) was high (E=0.73), the dominance index (D) was low (D=0.13). The measurements of environmental parameters showed optimal conditions for the growth of epiphytic orchids, namely with a temperature of 24.5 o C, soil moisture of 76.5%, air humidity of 70%, pH 5.1, the light intensity of 6351 lux and wind speed of 0.03 m/s.
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND DIVERSITY OF EPIPHYTIC ORCHIDS IN THE CURUG CIBEREUM PATH, MOUNT GEDE PANGRANGO, INDONESIA","authors":"Bela Prapitasari, Ardyan Pramudya Kurniawan","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.2.1680","url":null,"abstract":"The Curug Cibereum path as a tourist attraction in the Mount Gede Pangrango area is dominated by a lush tree, making it a suitable place to find a diversity of epiphytic orchids. This study aimed to determine the distribution pattern and diversity of epiphytic orchids along the Curug Cibereum path which is influenced by environtmental parameters. The research method was carried out by plotting ten plots on the right and left sides of the path, with each plot measuring 500 x 5 m and the distance between plots was 100 m. The results showed that there were 31 species of epiphytic orchids from 12 genera. The distribution pattern of epiphytic orchids was mostly clustered except for Oberonia lotsyana, which had a uniform pattern. The epiphytic orchid species with the highest INP were Bulbophyllum gibbosum with an INP value of 35% and Coelogyne speciosa with an INP value of 20%. Species diversity (H ') was moderate (H '=2.54), the evenness index (E) was high (E=0.73), the dominance index (D) was low (D=0.13). The measurements of environmental parameters showed optimal conditions for the growth of epiphytic orchids, namely with a temperature of 24.5 o C, soil moisture of 76.5%, air humidity of 70%, pH 5.1, the light intensity of 6351 lux and wind speed of 0.03 m/s.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78892883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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