Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.2.1280
Rasmita Adelina, I. Suliansyah, A. Syarif
Salacca sumatrana (Becc.), known locally as the Sidimpuan snake fruit, is one of the specialties prime local commodities of Padangsidimpuan City in Sumatra. The fruit is known for its sweet, sour and astringent taste which differentiates it from Pondoh and Balinese snake fruits. Recently, the snake fruit farmers have noticed a continuous decrease in production resulting from the failure in its fruit-setting, particularly during the off-season. The use of fertilization and drip irrigation in the off-season had been currently explored as part of the solution. Hence, this research investigates the use of these methods in overcoming the fruit setting failure and guaranteeing subsequent production of Sidimpuan snake fruit all-year round. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the optimal dosage of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and drip irrigation for fruit setting during the offseason. This research used a split-plot design with the main plot for drip irrigation and the subplot for ammonium sulfate. The observed parameters included the number of flower and fruit bunches, fruit set percentage and a nutrient analysis of the leaves. Drip irrigation significantly affected the fruit setting percentage and the number of harvested fruit bunches. The best treatment combination was at 400 g ammonium sulfate fertilizer per plant and drip irrigation of 3,000 mL/plant. The fertilization period in July-September produced an off season harvest that was comparable to the fruit set percentage (10.76% difference) and number of fruit bunches (25.65% difference) that were observed in the April-June fertilization for the on-season harvest. This indicated that applying ammonium sulfate with drip irrigation could overcome fruit set failure in Sidimpuan snake fruit, particularly, during the off-season.
Salacca sumatrana (Becc.)，在当地被称为Sidimpuan蛇果，是苏门答腊岛Padangsidimpuan市的特产之一。这种水果以其甜、酸和涩的味道而闻名，这与蓬都和巴厘岛的蛇果不同。最近，蛇果农注意到，由于果实坐果失败，特别是在淡季，蛇果农的产量持续下降。作为解决办法的一部分，目前正在探索在淡季使用施肥和滴灌。因此，本研究探讨了这些方法在克服坐果失败和一年四季保证四丁笼蛇果后续生产中的应用。具体而言，本研究旨在确定淡季坐果时硫酸铵肥和滴灌的最佳用量。本研究采用分畦设计，主畦为滴灌小区，次畦为硫酸铵小区。观察到的参数包括花和果束的数量、坐果率和叶片的营养分析。滴灌对坐果率和收获果串数有显著影响。最佳处理组合为每株施用硫酸铵400 g +滴灌3000 mL/株。7 - 9月施肥产生的淡季收获与4 - 6月施肥时观察到的坐果率(差异10.76%)和果串数(差异25.65%)相当。结果表明，施用硫酸铵配合滴灌能有效克服四丁笼蛇果坐果失败的问题，特别是在淡季。
{"title":"SULFATE AMMONIUM FERTILIZER ON THE OFF-SEASON PRODUCTION OF SNAKE FRUIT (Salacca sumatrana Becc.)","authors":"Rasmita Adelina, I. Suliansyah, A. Syarif","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.2.1280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.2.1280","url":null,"abstract":"Salacca sumatrana (Becc.), known locally as the Sidimpuan snake fruit, is one of the specialties prime local commodities of Padangsidimpuan City in Sumatra. The fruit is known for its sweet, sour and astringent taste which differentiates it from Pondoh and Balinese snake fruits. Recently, the snake fruit farmers have noticed a continuous decrease in production resulting from the failure in its fruit-setting, particularly during the off-season. The use of fertilization and drip irrigation in the off-season had been currently explored as part of the solution. Hence, this research investigates the use of these methods in overcoming the fruit setting failure and guaranteeing subsequent production of Sidimpuan snake fruit all-year round. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the optimal dosage of ammonium sulfate fertilizer and drip irrigation for fruit setting during the offseason. This research used a split-plot design with the main plot for drip irrigation and the subplot for ammonium sulfate. The observed parameters included the number of flower and fruit bunches, fruit set percentage and a nutrient analysis of the leaves. Drip irrigation significantly affected the fruit setting percentage and the number of harvested fruit bunches. The best treatment combination was at 400 g ammonium sulfate fertilizer per plant and drip irrigation of 3,000 mL/plant. The fertilization period in July-September produced an off season harvest that was comparable to the fruit set percentage (10.76% difference) and number of fruit bunches (25.65% difference) that were observed in the April-June fertilization for the on-season harvest. This indicated that applying ammonium sulfate with drip irrigation could overcome fruit set failure in Sidimpuan snake fruit, particularly, during the off-season.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"63 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88047567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.11598/BTB.2021.28.2.1296
Mashitah ShikhMaidin
The aim of this review paper is to present some aspects of environmental stress, such as climate change and food limitation that could affect nonhuman primate population due to poor reproductive performance. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists more than a third of world’s primates are critically endangered or vulnerable. Nonhuman primates, which are the closest biological relative to humans, are threatened with extinction from human activities and environmental stress. Deforestation is the main problem that intercalates with climate change. Either, indirectly or directly, those extinction factors are able to interrupt the physiological basis of reproduction in nonhuman primates. Many research on other species showed that high temperature or heat stress has a negative effect on reproductive performance by interfering the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Therefore, to conserve and prolong the survivability and sustainability of nonhuman primates in captive and wild nature, more works and research have to be done.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF NON-HUMAN PRIMATES","authors":"Mashitah ShikhMaidin","doi":"10.11598/BTB.2021.28.2.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/BTB.2021.28.2.1296","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review paper is to present some aspects of environmental stress, such as climate change and food limitation that could affect nonhuman primate population due to poor reproductive performance. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists more than a third of world’s primates are critically endangered or vulnerable. Nonhuman primates, which are the closest biological relative to humans, are threatened with extinction from human activities and environmental stress. Deforestation is the main problem that intercalates with climate change. Either, indirectly or directly, those extinction factors are able to interrupt the physiological basis of reproduction in nonhuman primates. Many research on other species showed that high temperature or heat stress has a negative effect on reproductive performance by interfering the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Therefore, to conserve and prolong the survivability and sustainability of nonhuman primates in captive and wild nature, more works and research have to be done.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74157431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge about pollen of Ixora coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ to be collected for basic investigations or plant breeding purposes is limited. Under a light microscope, I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen was generally prolate in shape which was different from that of I. congesta and I. arborea. In addition, the quantity, viability and germinability of pollen collected at different times from 8 am to 4 pm in a summer day from the flowers of I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ were investigated. Pollen quantity was determined using a haemacytometer while the viable and germinable pollen was examined after staining with 1% acetocarmine and germinating on a modified agar-gelled germination medium, respectively. The I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen collected at 10 am exhibited the highest pollen density and germination percentage of 53.3A—104 pollen/ml and 72.05%, respectively. When these pollen were germinated on the artificial medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations, the highest in vitro ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen germinability was found on a medium containing 10% sucrose. It was concluded that the best time to collect I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen was at 10 am. Further studies would be worthwhile to investigate more closely the effect of changes in the environmental factors (for example, ambient temperature and humidity) even within the same day on harvestable pollen quantity and quality as well as pistil phenology to develop a more complete breeding strategy for Ixora.
关于瓢虫花粉的认识。收集用于基础调查或植物育种目的的矮红球菌a€™是有限的。光镜下，I. coccinea, cv。与of I. congesta和I. arborea不同，矮秆红coccinea €™花粉一般呈长形。此外，在夏季上午8时至下午4时采集的瓢虫(I. coccinea, cv.)花花粉的数量、活力和发芽率进行了比较。对矮秆红球菌a进行了研究。用血细胞计测定花粉数量，用1%乙酰胭脂红染色和在改良的琼脂凝胶萌发培养基上发芽，分别检测活花粉和可发芽花粉。球菌，cv。上午10点采集的矮秆红球菌a花粉的花粉密度和发芽率最高，分别为53.3A-104花粉/ml和72.05%。当这些花粉在添加不同蔗糖浓度的人工培养基上萌发时，发现在含有10%蔗糖的培养基上，体外萌发率最高的是矮红球菌a花粉。结果表明，采收葡萄球菌的最佳时机为:矮秆红球菌a花粉在上午10点。进一步研究当天环境因素(如环境温度和湿度)的变化对可采花粉数量和质量以及雌蕊物候学的影响是值得的，以制定更完整的Ixora育种策略。
{"title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT POLLEN HARVESTING TIMES ON QUANTITY, VIABILITY AND IN VITRO GERMINABILITY OF Ixora coccinea ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ POLLEN","authors":"D. Leung","doi":"10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1159","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about pollen of Ixora coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ to be collected for basic investigations or plant breeding purposes is limited. Under a light microscope, I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen was generally prolate in shape which was different from that of I. congesta and I. arborea. In addition, the quantity, viability and germinability of pollen collected at different times from 8 am to 4 pm in a summer day from the flowers of I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ were investigated. Pollen quantity was determined using a haemacytometer while the viable and germinable pollen was examined after staining with 1% acetocarmine and germinating on a modified agar-gelled germination medium, respectively. The I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen collected at 10 am exhibited the highest pollen density and germination percentage of 53.3A—104 pollen/ml and 72.05%, respectively. When these pollen were germinated on the artificial medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations, the highest in vitro ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen germinability was found on a medium containing 10% sucrose. It was concluded that the best time to collect I. coccinea, cv. ‘Dwarf Red Coccinea’ pollen was at 10 am. Further studies would be worthwhile to investigate more closely the effect of changes in the environmental factors (for example, ambient temperature and humidity) even within the same day on harvestable pollen quantity and quality as well as pistil phenology to develop a more complete breeding strategy for Ixora.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45487230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conformity of abiotic factors in the growing environment of crops determines the successful result of crop production. This study aims to assess and evaluate land suitability for plant growth and result of patchouli development in Dilem wilis, Bendungan Distric, Trenggalek Regency. The study was initiated with the survey and continued by utilizing analysis method to adjust the data with the criteria according to the classification of land suitability clashing and crops cultivation as indicator for assessing land suitability. The research was conducted on 3 locations from May to July 2017 for land suitability and from July to November 2017 for patchouli crops cultivation experiment. The result indicated from the three sampling Locations, specifically Location 1 presented the land suitability of N class, conforming that this Location was not suitable with the limiting factor of low K2O content of 0.08 me / 100 g. Meanwhile, both Location 2 and Location 3 presented similar land suitability class of S3s, tc, f, n conforming as less appropriate. The results of this study also depicted the influence of land suitability classes on plant growth; however, the difference in land classes (in this case S3 compared to N) did not demonstrate a correlation for oil yield and patchouli alcohol, where the element Potassium becomes a limiting factor.
{"title":"ASSESSING AND EVALUATING LAND SUITABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin) EFFECT ON PATCHOULI ESSENTIAL OIL","authors":"A. Setiawan","doi":"10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1092","url":null,"abstract":"The conformity of abiotic factors in the growing environment of crops determines the successful result of crop production. This study aims to assess and evaluate land suitability for plant growth and result of patchouli development in Dilem wilis, Bendungan Distric, Trenggalek Regency. The study was initiated with the survey and continued by utilizing analysis method to adjust the data with the criteria according to the classification of land suitability clashing and crops cultivation as indicator for assessing land suitability. The research was conducted on 3 locations from May to July 2017 for land suitability and from July to November 2017 for patchouli crops cultivation experiment. The result indicated from the three sampling Locations, specifically Location 1 presented the land suitability of N class, conforming that this Location was not suitable with the limiting factor of low K2O content of 0.08 me / 100 g. Meanwhile, both Location 2 and Location 3 presented similar land suitability class of S3s, tc, f, n conforming as less appropriate. The results of this study also depicted the influence of land suitability classes on plant growth; however, the difference in land classes (in this case S3 compared to N) did not demonstrate a correlation for oil yield and patchouli alcohol, where the element Potassium becomes a limiting factor.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. E. Putra, Yenyen Fatmalasari, A. Permana, I. Kinasih, M. Rosmiati
One of the materials with great potency for future nutrition source for animal feed is prepupae of black soldier fly larvae (BSFP) (Hermetia illucens) which is fed on organic wastes. This study was designed to observe the accumulation of specific substance (omega-3) of organic wastes (marine fish offal and tofu dregs) inside harvested biomass of BSFP. A total of 150 gram food consist of marine fish offal and tofu dreg with different proportion (10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 100% tofu dregs) was fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for 21 days.At the end of feeding trial, all BSFL were harvested, weighed, and then analyzed for omega-3 fatty acids content. Fatty acid content was analyzed using Gas Cromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Result of the experiment showed BSFL reared with 25% marine fish offal produced highest biomass (8.1 g / 50 larvae) with least development time (19 days). The total of omega-3 recorded from application of 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of marine fish offal was 0.02%, 0.87%, 2.16% and 2.61% in 100 g of dry weight, respectively. This result showed the possibility of transferring specific nutrient from organic wastes biomass of BSFP which provides base knowledgement for further application in design of specific animal feed from BSFP.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF OMEGA-3 CONTENT OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY PREPUPA (Hermetia illucens) FED WITH COMBINATION OF MARINE FISH OFFAL AND TOFU DREG","authors":"R. E. Putra, Yenyen Fatmalasari, A. Permana, I. Kinasih, M. Rosmiati","doi":"10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1082","url":null,"abstract":"One of the materials with great potency for future nutrition source for animal feed is prepupae of black soldier fly larvae (BSFP) (Hermetia illucens) which is fed on organic wastes. This study was designed to observe the accumulation of specific substance (omega-3) of organic wastes (marine fish offal and tofu dregs) inside harvested biomass of BSFP. A total of 150 gram food consist of marine fish offal and tofu dreg with different proportion (10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 100% tofu dregs) was fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for 21 days.At the end of feeding trial, all BSFL were harvested, weighed, and then analyzed for omega-3 fatty acids content. Fatty acid content was analyzed using Gas Cromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Result of the experiment showed BSFL reared with 25% marine fish offal produced highest biomass (8.1 g / 50 larvae) with least development time (19 days). The total of omega-3 recorded from application of 0%, 10%, 25%, and 50% of marine fish offal was 0.02%, 0.87%, 2.16% and 2.61% in 100 g of dry weight, respectively. This result showed the possibility of transferring specific nutrient from organic wastes biomass of BSFP which provides base knowledgement for further application in design of specific animal feed from BSFP.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1082
Ramadhas, I. I. I. YENYEN FATMALASARI', '. Agusdanapermana, Mia ROSMIATIl, E. Riana
One of the most promising materials with great potential as a nutrition source of animal feed is the black soldier fly prepupae (BSFP) (Hemetia illucens) which is fed with organic wastes. This study was designed to observe the accumulation of omega-3 from the organic wastes of marine fish offal and tofu dregs converted as the biomass of the harvested BSFP. A total of 150 g food consisted of marine fish offal and tofu dreg with different proportions of fish offa1:tofu dreg at 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 100% tofu dregs were fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for 21 days. At the end of the feeding period, all BSFL were harvested, weighed, and then analyzed for omega-3 fatty acids content using Gas Cromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Results showed that BSFL reared with 25% marine fish offal produced the highest biomass (8.1 g/50 larvae) with the least development time (19 days). The total omega-3 recorded from the application of OO/o, 10°/o, 25%, and 50% of marine fish offal was 0.02%, 0.87%, 2.16% and 2.61% in 100 g of dry weight, respectively. These results showed the possibility of producing specific nutrients from BSFP biomass converted from organic wastes, thereby providing baseline knowledge for further formulation of specific animal feed from BSFP.
{"title":"OMEGA-3 CONTENT OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY PREPUPA (Hermetia illucens) FED WITH MARINE FISH OFFAL AND TOFU DREG","authors":"Ramadhas, I. I. I. YENYEN FATMALASARI', '. Agusdanapermana, Mia ROSMIATIl, E. Riana","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1082","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most promising materials with great potential as a nutrition source of animal feed is the black soldier fly prepupae (BSFP) (Hemetia illucens) which is fed with organic wastes. This study was designed to observe the accumulation of omega-3 from the organic wastes of marine fish offal and tofu dregs converted as the biomass of the harvested BSFP. A total of 150 g food consisted of marine fish offal and tofu dreg with different proportions of fish offa1:tofu dreg at 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 100% tofu dregs were fed to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for 21 days. At the end of the feeding period, all BSFL were harvested, weighed, and then analyzed for omega-3 fatty acids content using Gas Cromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Results showed that BSFL reared with 25% marine fish offal produced the highest biomass (8.1 g/50 larvae) with the least development time (19 days). The total omega-3 recorded from the application of OO/o, 10°/o, 25%, and 50% of marine fish offal was 0.02%, 0.87%, 2.16% and 2.61% in 100 g of dry weight, respectively. These results showed the possibility of producing specific nutrients from BSFP biomass converted from organic wastes, thereby providing baseline knowledge for further formulation of specific animal feed from BSFP.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83659831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bahtiar, La Anadi, Wa Nurgayah, M. Hamzah, U. Hernawan
The freshwater clam, locally known as Pokea, (Batissa violacea var celebensis, von Martens 1897; Bivalvia: Corbulidae) is a popular and widely consumed food in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Despite its popularity, basic information required for conservation managenment, such as reproductive biology, is lacking. This study aims to examine the reproductive biology of the clam obtained from the Pohara River, Kendari. Pokea samples were collected monthly from February 2012 to January 2013. We recorded parameters of reproductive biology, including sex ratio, stage of gonadal maturity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, and size of the first mature gonad from each sample. Data were analysed using chi-square test and linear regression in the package Sigma Plot v.6.0. Pokea population in the Pohara River was male-biased. The population spawns throughout the year and the peak spawning season was August-September. Mature gonad was found at small shell size (indicating early sexual maturity). Food availability might have influenced the gonadal development in Pokea. This baseline information is very relevant for conservation practices of Pokea population in the Pohara River.
{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE FRESHWATER CLAM POKEA (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, VON MARTEN 1897) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) IN THE POHARA RIVER, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA","authors":"B. Bahtiar, La Anadi, Wa Nurgayah, M. Hamzah, U. Hernawan","doi":"10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.623","url":null,"abstract":"The freshwater clam, locally known as Pokea, (Batissa violacea var celebensis, von Martens 1897; Bivalvia: Corbulidae) is a popular and widely consumed food in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Despite its popularity, basic information required for conservation managenment, such as reproductive biology, is lacking. This study aims to examine the reproductive biology of the clam obtained from the Pohara River, Kendari. Pokea samples were collected monthly from February 2012 to January 2013. We recorded parameters of reproductive biology, including sex ratio, stage of gonadal maturity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, and size of the first mature gonad from each sample. Data were analysed using chi-square test and linear regression in the package Sigma Plot v.6.0. Pokea population in the Pohara River was male-biased. The population spawns throughout the year and the peak spawning season was August-September. Mature gonad was found at small shell size (indicating early sexual maturity). Food availability might have influenced the gonadal development in Pokea. This baseline information is very relevant for conservation practices of Pokea population in the Pohara River.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91355582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digestive disorders rank among the most common problems faced in Indonesia, especially for the Baduy people in Banten Province. Although the Baduy live in water-rich areas, their lack of sanitation facilities and unawareness of methods of disease prevention have prompted high morbidity and mortality rates in their communities, largely due to digestive system disorders that they continue to treat with medicinal plants. This survey was undertaken to document Baduy indigenous medicinal plants that were used to treat and prevent different types of digestive system disorders in their communities using quantitative ethnobotanical approaches. Ethno medicinal data were collected from 30 informants regarding their knowledge on medicinal plants. Quantitative approaches were used to determine the use value and informant consensus factor values of collected data. The results revealed that the Baduy currently use 54 medicinal plant species belonging to 30 families to treat digestive system disorders. Additional research is required, however, to validate the function of the medicinal plants and identify their active compounds.
{"title":"ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS DISORDERS IN BADUY ETHNIC, INDONESIA","authors":"R. Khastini, Indri Wahyuni, I. Saraswati","doi":"10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/BTB.0.0.0.1055","url":null,"abstract":"Digestive disorders rank among the most common problems faced in Indonesia, especially for the Baduy people in Banten Province. Although the Baduy live in water-rich areas, their lack of sanitation facilities and unawareness of methods of disease prevention have prompted high morbidity and mortality rates in their communities, largely due to digestive system disorders that they continue to treat with medicinal plants. This survey was undertaken to document Baduy indigenous medicinal plants that were used to treat and prevent different types of digestive system disorders in their communities using quantitative ethnobotanical approaches. Ethno medicinal data were collected from 30 informants regarding their knowledge on medicinal plants. Quantitative approaches were used to determine the use value and informant consensus factor values of collected data. The results revealed that the Baduy currently use 54 medicinal plant species belonging to 30 families to treat digestive system disorders. Additional research is required, however, to validate the function of the medicinal plants and identify their active compounds.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78175162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1159
D. Leung
The cultivated variety of the non-native I. coccinea, Dwarf Red Coccinea @RC), is most popular and widely spread all over Thailand. However, knowledge about its pollen morphology and fertility for plant breeding purposes, is limited. This study aimed to investigate the quantity, viability and germinability of pollen grains collected from the flowers of DRC at different times on a summer day, particularly from 8 AM to 4 PM. Pollen quantity was determined using a haemacytometer while its viability and germinability were examined after staining with 1% acetocarmine and allowing the pollen to germinate on a modified agar-gelled germination medium. The pollen collected at 10 AM had the highest pollen density (53.3x104 pollen/mL) and viability percentage (72.05'/0). When these pollen were allowed to germinate on an artificial medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations, the highest in vitro pollen germinability was found at the medium containing 10% sucrose. Hence, the best time to collect the I. coccinea, cv. 'Dwarf Red Coccinea' pollen was at 10 AM. However, further investigations are recommended on the effects of daily or hourly environmental changes particularly, ambient temperature and humidity, on the quantity and quality of harvestable pollen as well as on the pistil phenology, to develop a more complete breeding strategy for the Ixora species.
{"title":"HARVESTING TIME AND VIABILITY OF Ixora coccinea 'Dwarf Red Coccinea' POLLEN","authors":"D. Leung","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1159","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivated variety of the non-native I. coccinea, Dwarf Red Coccinea @RC), is most popular and widely spread all over Thailand. However, knowledge about its pollen morphology and fertility for plant breeding purposes, is limited. This study aimed to investigate the quantity, viability and germinability of pollen grains collected from the flowers of DRC at different times on a summer day, particularly from 8 AM to 4 PM. Pollen quantity was determined using a haemacytometer while its viability and germinability were examined after staining with 1% acetocarmine and allowing the pollen to germinate on a modified agar-gelled germination medium. The pollen collected at 10 AM had the highest pollen density (53.3x104 pollen/mL) and viability percentage (72.05'/0). When these pollen were allowed to germinate on an artificial medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations, the highest in vitro pollen germinability was found at the medium containing 10% sucrose. Hence, the best time to collect the I. coccinea, cv. 'Dwarf Red Coccinea' pollen was at 10 AM. However, further investigations are recommended on the effects of daily or hourly environmental changes particularly, ambient temperature and humidity, on the quantity and quality of harvestable pollen as well as on the pistil phenology, to develop a more complete breeding strategy for the Ixora species.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79217857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-12DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1092
{"title":"LAND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR PATCHOULI (Pogostemon cablin) DEVELOPMENT AND ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION","authors":"","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.1.1092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85831757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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