Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1623
Maranta arundinacea, I. Yogyakarta, Bernardinus Danang, Icrisna Aji
The cultivation of arrowroot (Maranta amndinacea L.) in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta Province has a great potential to be developed. This study aimed to determine genetic variability and analyze the intraspecific relations of arrowroot using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers to be used as basic information in considering characters selection of arrowroot cultivation in Yogyakarta. Exploratory survey method was conducted in Gunungkidul, Iculon Progo, Sleman, and Bantu1 Districts to collect cultivar accessions. Accessions were replanted in Sawitsari Research Station. DNA isolation from the leaves of 7-month-old accessions was carried out using CTAB buffer solution. The DNA fingerprinting analysis was carried out using the result of DNA amplification with 4 ISSR markers. The polymorphism data were then used for phenetic analysis using UPGMA algorithm and Baroni-Urbani Busser similarity coefficient to form a dendrogram. A total of 5 local cultivars were found, identified as 'Sili', 'Sembowo', 'Sugo', 'Kebo', and 'Teropong'. Each cultivar showed distinct rhizome morphological characteristics. The ISSR-PCR analysis resulted in high polymorphism with a 68.17% polymorphism mean. The mean of polymorphic band was 6.75. The dendrogram was developed based on the analyses and consisted of 4 clusters with 80% similarity index. Cluster A, B.I. and B.1I.b consisted of 'Sili', 'Teropong', and 'Kebo' cultivars, respectively, while cluster B.1I.a gathered 'Sugo' and 'Sembowo' cultivars.
{"title":"GENETIC VARIABILITY OF ARROWROOT (Maranta arundinacea L.) IN YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE, INDONESIA BASED ON ISSR ANALYSIS","authors":"Maranta arundinacea, I. Yogyakarta, Bernardinus Danang, Icrisna Aji","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1623","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of arrowroot (Maranta amndinacea L.) in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta Province has a great potential to be developed. This study aimed to determine genetic variability and analyze the intraspecific relations of arrowroot using Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers to be used as basic information in considering characters selection of arrowroot cultivation in Yogyakarta. Exploratory survey method was conducted in Gunungkidul, Iculon Progo, Sleman, and Bantu1 Districts to collect cultivar accessions. Accessions were replanted in Sawitsari Research Station. DNA isolation from the leaves of 7-month-old accessions was carried out using CTAB buffer solution. The DNA fingerprinting analysis was carried out using the result of DNA amplification with 4 ISSR markers. The polymorphism data were then used for phenetic analysis using UPGMA algorithm and Baroni-Urbani Busser similarity coefficient to form a dendrogram. A total of 5 local cultivars were found, identified as 'Sili', 'Sembowo', 'Sugo', 'Kebo', and 'Teropong'. Each cultivar showed distinct rhizome morphological characteristics. The ISSR-PCR analysis resulted in high polymorphism with a 68.17% polymorphism mean. The mean of polymorphic band was 6.75. The dendrogram was developed based on the analyses and consisted of 4 clusters with 80% similarity index. Cluster A, B.I. and B.1I.b consisted of 'Sili', 'Teropong', and 'Kebo' cultivars, respectively, while cluster B.1I.a gathered 'Sugo' and 'Sembowo' cultivars.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88562399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.29.1.1584
Ietut Arte Widane, Annisaa Widyasariz, E. Retnaningrum
The coastal sand dune ecosystem at the Parangtritis Coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia has unique characteristics such as low moisture sandy soil, high salinity and low nutrient content. Fimbristylis ymosa is one of the plant species having the capability to survive in that unique ecosystem. In this study, rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of E gmosa were isolated to be further analyzed on their phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic properties against Fusamim oxysporum which cause the Wilt disease. The isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSR) having the most potential capabilities were then polyphasically identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characters followed by 16s rDNA sequencing. The results showed that four PSR isolates 08, Ill, I12 and 124) have high phosphate dissolution indices. The highest indtces were observed in isolates I11 (3.08) and I12 (3.44), respectively. Analysis of the dual plate experiments for PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates against the growth of E o y . p o m also showed quite high inhibitory activities, i.e., isolate PSR I11 was 42.40%, while isolate PSR I12 was 42.08%. The two isolates were polyphasically identified as Burkholderia dolosa. This study clearly showed that PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates are very potential and prospective to be used as marginal land inoculants and as providers of phosphorus. This study also showed that the isolates are useful as biocontrol agents against E oxysporzrm in plants.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION AND POLYPHASIC IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL RHIZOBACTERIA STRAIN ISOLATED FROM SAND DUNES ECOSYSTEM","authors":"Ietut Arte Widane, Annisaa Widyasariz, E. Retnaningrum","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.29.1.1584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.29.1.1584","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal sand dune ecosystem at the Parangtritis Coast of Yogyakarta, Indonesia has unique characteristics such as low moisture sandy soil, high salinity and low nutrient content. Fimbristylis ymosa is one of the plant species having the capability to survive in that unique ecosystem. In this study, rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of E gmosa were isolated to be further analyzed on their phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic properties against Fusamim oxysporum which cause the Wilt disease. The isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria (PSR) having the most potential capabilities were then polyphasically identified based on phenotypic and genotypic characters followed by 16s rDNA sequencing. The results showed that four PSR isolates 08, Ill, I12 and 124) have high phosphate dissolution indices. The highest indtces were observed in isolates I11 (3.08) and I12 (3.44), respectively. Analysis of the dual plate experiments for PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates against the growth of E o y . p o m also showed quite high inhibitory activities, i.e., isolate PSR I11 was 42.40%, while isolate PSR I12 was 42.08%. The two isolates were polyphasically identified as Burkholderia dolosa. This study clearly showed that PSR I11 and PSR I12 isolates are very potential and prospective to be used as marginal land inoculants and as providers of phosphorus. This study also showed that the isolates are useful as biocontrol agents against E oxysporzrm in plants.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83695092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1626
Rini Umiyatii, C. Hidayat, R. Millati
The cross-linking agent plays an important role in bioplastic mechanical properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of Sodium Hyaluronate (SoHA) as a synthetic cross-linking agent and the addition of Nyamplung Cake Extract (NCE) as an antimicrobial agent in the manufacture of bioplastic with hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) as based ingredient using the thermo-compression method. The novelty of the study was thiocyanate (SCN) formation in zone 3 (2161.66-2162.02/cm) and cyanate (C-N=O) in zone 6 (1,411.57-1,412.61/cm) of (1,2 and 3%) SoHA bioplastic and cyanate formation in zone 6 and 7 (1,411.37-1,558.59/cm) of (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE combined bioplastic originating from acetanilide group in SoHA and amide group in NCE. The formation of SCN and C-N=O in 2 and 3% SoHA bioplastic improved its sensitivity against gram-positive bacteria (Staph_ylococczls aurezls) indicated by 0.6 mm and 0.45 mm inhibition zone, respectively. C-N=O formed in (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE combined with bioplastic had 3.25 mm average inhibition zone against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), 2.75 mm against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coh), and 0.71 mm against fungi (AspetgilIus nniger). The analysis of mechanical properties showed that an addition of 3% SoHA was able to increase tensile strength and modulus of elasticity while reducing elongation, water solubility and water vapor permeability. Addition of (1,2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE resulted in a reverse effect.
{"title":"INCORPORATION OF SODIUM HYALURONATE AND NYAMPLUNG (Calophylum inophyllum) CAKE EXTRACT TO IMPROVE BIOPLASTIC CHARACTERISTIC","authors":"Rini Umiyatii, C. Hidayat, R. Millati","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1626","url":null,"abstract":"The cross-linking agent plays an important role in bioplastic mechanical properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of Sodium Hyaluronate (SoHA) as a synthetic cross-linking agent and the addition of Nyamplung Cake Extract (NCE) as an antimicrobial agent in the manufacture of bioplastic with hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) as based ingredient using the thermo-compression method. The novelty of the study was thiocyanate (SCN) formation in zone 3 (2161.66-2162.02/cm) and cyanate (C-N=O) in zone 6 (1,411.57-1,412.61/cm) of (1,2 and 3%) SoHA bioplastic and cyanate formation in zone 6 and 7 (1,411.37-1,558.59/cm) of (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE combined bioplastic originating from acetanilide group in SoHA and amide group in NCE. The formation of SCN and C-N=O in 2 and 3% SoHA bioplastic improved its sensitivity against gram-positive bacteria (Staph_ylococczls aurezls) indicated by 0.6 mm and 0.45 mm inhibition zone, respectively. C-N=O formed in (1, 2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE combined with bioplastic had 3.25 mm average inhibition zone against gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), 2.75 mm against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coh), and 0.71 mm against fungi (AspetgilIus nniger). The analysis of mechanical properties showed that an addition of 3% SoHA was able to increase tensile strength and modulus of elasticity while reducing elongation, water solubility and water vapor permeability. Addition of (1,2 and 3%) SoHA-20% NCE resulted in a reverse effect.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79408300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1278
{"title":"THE RANGE EXPANSION OF Parachromis managuensis GÜNTHER, 1867 (PERCIFORMES, CICHLIDAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA","authors":"","doi":"10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2022.29.1.1278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76110190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1339
Nurul Huwaidah MD Nizam, Dayang Fatin Zafira Awg Zainal Abidin, N. M. Nazri, N. I. Zainudin
Plant-associated microbes are among essential natural resources that abundantly exist in a natural environment, such as endophyuc fungi. Studies on endophytic fungi in medicinal plants have allowed the discovery of numerous fungi species and their hidden potentials. Therefore, this study focused on the isolation and identification of endophyuc fungi from several plant parts of tamarind (T. indica), such as leaves and fruits. A total of 69 fungal cultures were successfully isolated and identified into 31 distinct species from 15 genera based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis using a Maximum Likelihood method. A high diversity of endophytic fungi associated with T. indica were observed by ShannonWiener index H' (3.083). There were six different species obtained from the genus Colletotrichzlm (C. aenigma, C. brevisporum, C. cobbittiense, C. fmcticola, C. gloeosporiaides and C. siamense), and Diaporthe (D. arecae, D. ceratoxamiae, D. phaseolorzrm, D. pseudomangzjirae, D. pseudooctlii and D. pseudophoenicicala), four species of Aspergilzlzls (A. aczlleatzrs, A. carbonarizls, A.flautls and A. tzlbingensis), two species of Czlrvzrlank/Cochliobolzrs (C. geniculatzrs and C. lunata) and lV&rospora (N. lacticolonia and N. oryxae), two species of Lasiod$lodia (L. psetldotheobromae and L theobmmae) and Penicillm (P. m@ii and P. verruczllos~m). Other fungal species that were also identified are Botyosphaeria mamane, Fusaritlm solani, Tmncospora tephropora, Ph_yllostictafallopiae, Sarcostroma bisettllatnm, Tiichodema asperelhm and Xylarid j2ejeensi.r.
植物相关微生物是大量存在于自然环境中的重要自然资源之一，如内生真菌。对药用植物内生真菌的研究使许多真菌种类及其潜在潜力得以发现。因此，本研究主要从罗望子(T. indica)的叶片和果实等部分植物中分离鉴定内生真菌。利用最大似然法对69份真菌培养物进行形态特征分析和ITS序列分析，鉴定为15属31种。shannon - wiener指数H′(3.083)表明，籼稻内生真菌多样性较高。从炭黑属(C. aenigma, C. brevisporum, C. cobbittiense, C. fmcticola, C. gloeosporiaides和C. siamense)和Diaporthe (D. arecae, D. ceratoxamiae, D. phaseolorzrm, D. pseudomangzjirae, D. pseudoctlii和D. pseudophoenicicala)中获得6种不同的炭黑属(A. aczlleatzrs, A. carbonarizls, A.flautls和A. tzlbingensis)，曲霉属(A. aczlleatzrs) 4种。青霉菌属2种(P. m@ii和P. verruczllos~m);青霉菌属2种(P. m@ii和P. verruczllos~m)。其他鉴定的真菌种类有:mamane Botyosphaeria、Fusaritlm solani、Tmncospora tephropora、Ph_yllostictafallopiae、Sarcostroma bisettllatnm、Tiichodema asperelhm和Xylarid j2ejeensi.r。
{"title":"Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Fruits and Leaves of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Based on Its Ribosomal DNA Sequences","authors":"Nurul Huwaidah MD Nizam, Dayang Fatin Zafira Awg Zainal Abidin, N. M. Nazri, N. I. Zainudin","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1339","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-associated microbes are among essential natural resources that abundantly exist in a natural environment, such as endophyuc fungi. Studies on endophytic fungi in medicinal plants have allowed the discovery of numerous fungi species and their hidden potentials. Therefore, this study focused on the isolation and identification of endophyuc fungi from several plant parts of tamarind (T. indica), such as leaves and fruits. A total of 69 fungal cultures were successfully isolated and identified into 31 distinct species from 15 genera based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis using a Maximum Likelihood method. A high diversity of endophytic fungi associated with T. indica were observed by ShannonWiener index H' (3.083). There were six different species obtained from the genus Colletotrichzlm (C. aenigma, C. brevisporum, C. cobbittiense, C. fmcticola, C. gloeosporiaides and C. siamense), and Diaporthe (D. arecae, D. ceratoxamiae, D. phaseolorzrm, D. pseudomangzjirae, D. pseudooctlii and D. pseudophoenicicala), four species of Aspergilzlzls (A. aczlleatzrs, A. carbonarizls, A.flautls and A. tzlbingensis), two species of Czlrvzrlank/Cochliobolzrs (C. geniculatzrs and C. lunata) and lV&rospora (N. lacticolonia and N. oryxae), two species of Lasiod$lodia (L. psetldotheobromae and L theobmmae) and Penicillm (P. m@ii and P. verruczllos~m). Other fungal species that were also identified are Botyosphaeria mamane, Fusaritlm solani, Tmncospora tephropora, Ph_yllostictafallopiae, Sarcostroma bisettllatnm, Tiichodema asperelhm and Xylarid j2ejeensi.r.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76971327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1416
I. N. Pasaman, West Sumatera
This is an analysis of the composition and structure of tree community of Bukit Badindiang sacred forest in Nagari Simpang, Pasaman, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The study aimed to: 1. to obtain a representative account of the structure and composition of tree community of the sacred forest; 2. to estimate the Aboveground Carbon Stock (c-Stock) accumulated on the tree community. A one-hectare plot was divided into 25 subplots of 20 x 20 m each for tree and debris data collection. In each subplots, there were a 5 x 5 m sapling subplots. Planting of 1 x 1 m seedling, understorey plant and litter subplots were nested inside. A total of 446 trees were recorded, representing 139 species from 49 families with a total basal area of 38.59 m2. The most dominant tree species was Campnospemza anriculata pmportance Value (IV) of 19.1 91. The other prevalent species were Ficus benjamina (IV ~ 1 6 . 5 0 ) and Mallotzls caudatus (IV ~14.78) . A total of 62 species (44.6O/o) was considered locally rare with density of 1 tree/ha. Mallotzls candatus had the highest density (37 trees/ha) and Ficus benjamina had the highest Basal Area P A ) (5.61 m2 = 14.51% of the total). Euphorbiaceae (IV= 37.40) was the dominant family. The richest families were Euphorbiaceae (10) and Lauraceae (10). The total estimated Aboveground C-Stock was 190.62 MgC/ha, with the highest C was contributed by trees (178.85 MgC/ha or 93.8% of total). Trees with diameter class of 10 69.99 cm stored 62% of total tree carbon. The species richness, tree density and C-Stock of Bakit Badindiang sacred forest were relatively higher than those in several disturbed lowland forests in Sumatera.
{"title":"Tree Community Structure and Aboveground Carbon Stock of Sacred Forest in Pasaman, West Sumatera","authors":"I. N. Pasaman, West Sumatera","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1416","url":null,"abstract":"This is an analysis of the composition and structure of tree community of Bukit Badindiang sacred forest in Nagari Simpang, Pasaman, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The study aimed to: 1. to obtain a representative account of the structure and composition of tree community of the sacred forest; 2. to estimate the Aboveground Carbon Stock (c-Stock) accumulated on the tree community. A one-hectare plot was divided into 25 subplots of 20 x 20 m each for tree and debris data collection. In each subplots, there were a 5 x 5 m sapling subplots. Planting of 1 x 1 m seedling, understorey plant and litter subplots were nested inside. A total of 446 trees were recorded, representing 139 species from 49 families with a total basal area of 38.59 m2. The most dominant tree species was Campnospemza anriculata pmportance Value (IV) of 19.1 91. The other prevalent species were Ficus benjamina (IV ~ 1 6 . 5 0 ) and Mallotzls caudatus (IV ~14.78) . A total of 62 species (44.6O/o) was considered locally rare with density of 1 tree/ha. Mallotzls candatus had the highest density (37 trees/ha) and Ficus benjamina had the highest Basal Area P A ) (5.61 m2 = 14.51% of the total). Euphorbiaceae (IV= 37.40) was the dominant family. The richest families were Euphorbiaceae (10) and Lauraceae (10). The total estimated Aboveground C-Stock was 190.62 MgC/ha, with the highest C was contributed by trees (178.85 MgC/ha or 93.8% of total). Trees with diameter class of 10 69.99 cm stored 62% of total tree carbon. The species richness, tree density and C-Stock of Bakit Badindiang sacred forest were relatively higher than those in several disturbed lowland forests in Sumatera.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87069128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1333
N. Rai, Ketut Suada, Wayan Wiraatmaja, N. K. A. Astiari
46 Organically cultivated salak (Salacca zalacca) on dry land has limited production in Bali. 47 Typically, fertilization is carried out using leaf litter or other organic fertilizers because the fertility 48 of the soil is low for salak plantations. The present study analyzed the effectiveness of an 49 indigenous endomycorrhizal biofertilizer on the nutrient and total carbohydrate content of salak 50 leaves and fruits. The study used a randomized block design with nine replicates. The treatment 51 consisted of three levels, i.e., fertilization with leaf litter only as the farmers’ way and control (C), 52 fertilization with indigenous endomycorrhizae biofertilizer prototype (P), and combined fertilization 53 with leaf litter and indigenous endomycorrhizae biofertilizer prototype (PM). Spores of indigenous 54 endomycorrhizae from salak plantations were used for making a biofertilizer prototype. The results 55 showed that P and CP treatments: 1) significantly increase the chlorophyll and relative water 56 content of leaves, and the number and weight of fruits per tree, 2) improve fruit quality by 57 increasing sweetness and weight per fruit, and 3) have a positive effect on water uptake and nutrient 58 absorption as indicated by high N and P of leaf tissue and high carbohydrate content of leaves. 59 60
{"title":"Effectiveness of Indigenous Endomycorrhizal Biofertilizer Prototype on Organic Salak Leaves and Fruits in Bali","authors":"N. Rai, Ketut Suada, Wayan Wiraatmaja, N. K. A. Astiari","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1333","url":null,"abstract":"46 Organically cultivated salak (Salacca zalacca) on dry land has limited production in Bali. 47 Typically, fertilization is carried out using leaf litter or other organic fertilizers because the fertility 48 of the soil is low for salak plantations. The present study analyzed the effectiveness of an 49 indigenous endomycorrhizal biofertilizer on the nutrient and total carbohydrate content of salak 50 leaves and fruits. The study used a randomized block design with nine replicates. The treatment 51 consisted of three levels, i.e., fertilization with leaf litter only as the farmers’ way and control (C), 52 fertilization with indigenous endomycorrhizae biofertilizer prototype (P), and combined fertilization 53 with leaf litter and indigenous endomycorrhizae biofertilizer prototype (PM). Spores of indigenous 54 endomycorrhizae from salak plantations were used for making a biofertilizer prototype. The results 55 showed that P and CP treatments: 1) significantly increase the chlorophyll and relative water 56 content of leaves, and the number and weight of fruits per tree, 2) improve fruit quality by 57 increasing sweetness and weight per fruit, and 3) have a positive effect on water uptake and nutrient 58 absorption as indicated by high N and P of leaf tissue and high carbohydrate content of leaves. 59 60","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86376615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1344
Y. Ramona
There has been excessive use of chemical-based pesticides globally resulting in significant environmental consequences with adverse effects on human health. Therefore, more sustainable environment friendly alternative solutions are needed to counter such environmental and health challenges. Development of biocontrol method is a sustainable solution to these challenges. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of potential antagonist bacteria to inhibit important fungal plant pathogens in uitro by applying dual culture assays on potato dextrose agar FDA) or trypticase soya agar (TSA) media, with a view to isolate and screen potential antagonists for development of future biocontrol agents. The target pathogens were Fasariam o y p o r m , Ceratoystis sp., Apergilasj7au.w and Apergillz~s niger, commonly found to infect horticultural plants in Bedugul village in north Bali island. The antagonist bacteria were isolated from various sources such as soil of rhizosphere zone and roots of lettuce plants and mature compost. The potential of antagonist candidates was screened on the basis of inhibitory activity against targeted fungal pathogens. Bacterial antagonists with highest zone of inhibition were identified up to genus level using biochemical tests, and the results were matched with those specified in the Bergey's Manual of determinative bacteriology. Fifteen bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from various sources, and 60% of these isolates showed antagonistic activity in vitm against fungal pathogens with various degree of inhibition. This indicated the initial potential to develop as biocontrol agents. Based on preliminary identification, genera of BaciIIas and Psezldomonas were found to be the predominant isolates and in addition genus Acinetobacter was also identified in this study.
{"title":"Growth Inhibition of Fungal Plant Pathogens by Antagonist Bacteria Using Dual Culture Assays","authors":"Y. Ramona","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1344","url":null,"abstract":"There has been excessive use of chemical-based pesticides globally resulting in significant environmental consequences with adverse effects on human health. Therefore, more sustainable environment friendly alternative solutions are needed to counter such environmental and health challenges. Development of biocontrol method is a sustainable solution to these challenges. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of potential antagonist bacteria to inhibit important fungal plant pathogens in uitro by applying dual culture assays on potato dextrose agar FDA) or trypticase soya agar (TSA) media, with a view to isolate and screen potential antagonists for development of future biocontrol agents. The target pathogens were Fasariam o y p o r m , Ceratoystis sp., Apergilasj7au.w and Apergillz~s niger, commonly found to infect horticultural plants in Bedugul village in north Bali island. The antagonist bacteria were isolated from various sources such as soil of rhizosphere zone and roots of lettuce plants and mature compost. The potential of antagonist candidates was screened on the basis of inhibitory activity against targeted fungal pathogens. Bacterial antagonists with highest zone of inhibition were identified up to genus level using biochemical tests, and the results were matched with those specified in the Bergey's Manual of determinative bacteriology. Fifteen bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from various sources, and 60% of these isolates showed antagonistic activity in vitm against fungal pathogens with various degree of inhibition. This indicated the initial potential to develop as biocontrol agents. Based on preliminary identification, genera of BaciIIas and Psezldomonas were found to be the predominant isolates and in addition genus Acinetobacter was also identified in this study.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-24DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1469
Rey, '. Gascontecsow, Florenda C. Ballesteros-Temanel, J. Jacob
Soil fungi are a critical component of the agroecosystems and provide ecological services affecting food and bioproduct production. Awareness of the composition and distribution of local species is necessary to maximize the productivity and sustainability of the agroecosystems. This study aimed at isolating fungi from the soil samples collected from a corn plantation at Echague, Isabela, morphologically defining, characterizing, and determining the diversity of fungal isolates species. Soil samples from five (5) different sampling units were collected and microbiological techniques were used to isolate the fungi. Identification was performed by morphological characterization of fungal isolates guided by taxonomic keys and textbooks. Fungal diversity was assessed using Simpson's indices of diversity. Sixteen (16) fungal isolates were found; 12 were known and four (4) were unidentified. Ten (10) species belong to the Ascomycota group, and two (2) belong to the Zygomycota class. The Aspergillns species dominated the region amongst all the species isolated and established. Aspergillzj famigatus and Aspel.gillzlssflauas are densely populated and well distributed. A potent biocontrol agent was also identified, namely Tn'chodemna hayanam and Tnkhodem viride. The Mncor sp. and the Mippw stoloniferous, Zygomycota fungi, were also identified.
{"title":"Species Diversity of Soil Fungi from a Corn Plantation at Echague, Philippines","authors":"Rey, '. Gascontecsow, Florenda C. Ballesteros-Temanel, J. Jacob","doi":"10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1469","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fungi are a critical component of the agroecosystems and provide ecological services affecting food and bioproduct production. Awareness of the composition and distribution of local species is necessary to maximize the productivity and sustainability of the agroecosystems. This study aimed at isolating fungi from the soil samples collected from a corn plantation at Echague, Isabela, morphologically defining, characterizing, and determining the diversity of fungal isolates species. Soil samples from five (5) different sampling units were collected and microbiological techniques were used to isolate the fungi. Identification was performed by morphological characterization of fungal isolates guided by taxonomic keys and textbooks. Fungal diversity was assessed using Simpson's indices of diversity. Sixteen (16) fungal isolates were found; 12 were known and four (4) were unidentified. Ten (10) species belong to the Ascomycota group, and two (2) belong to the Zygomycota class. The Aspergillns species dominated the region amongst all the species isolated and established. Aspergillzj famigatus and Aspel.gillzlssflauas are densely populated and well distributed. A potent biocontrol agent was also identified, namely Tn'chodemna hayanam and Tnkhodem viride. The Mncor sp. and the Mippw stoloniferous, Zygomycota fungi, were also identified.","PeriodicalId":38783,"journal":{"name":"Biotropia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81471956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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