A. Mitroshenkova, V. Ilyina, S. Senator, E. Zibzeev, O. Kozlovskaya
The current state of the coenotic populations of Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae) were studied in the southeast of the European part of Russia (Samara Region). The phytocenotic confinement and population structure of the species were assessed. I. pumila preferred growing in steppe zonal communities. In total, 118 species of vascular plants were found in the communities, where I. pumila has been registered, and of which 34 (28.8%) were included into the Red List of the Samara Region and 8 species into the Red List of the Russian Federation. In the study area, populations of I. pumila were represented by a significant number of individuals and were in a stable state. According to the “delta-omega” criterion, the populations were mature (47.0%), transitional (23.5%), maturing (17.6%), and aging (11.9%), which testified to the diversity of population structure and thus to a satisfactory state of the species in the Samara Region. The populations recovered mainly due to individuals of vegetative origin, but this process was rather slow. Under unfavorable conditions, I. pumila populations were characterized by a vegetative settled way of life. Fires, grazing, and destruction of habitats had a significant impact on the population structure and absolute abundance in the Samara Region.
{"title":"Iris pumila L. and the State of Its Populations in the Samara Region (Southeast of the European Part of Russia)","authors":"A. Mitroshenkova, V. Ilyina, S. Senator, E. Zibzeev, O. Kozlovskaya","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14030046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030046","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of the coenotic populations of Iris pumila L. (Iridaceae) were studied in the southeast of the European part of Russia (Samara Region). The phytocenotic confinement and population structure of the species were assessed. I. pumila preferred growing in steppe zonal communities. In total, 118 species of vascular plants were found in the communities, where I. pumila has been registered, and of which 34 (28.8%) were included into the Red List of the Samara Region and 8 species into the Red List of the Russian Federation. In the study area, populations of I. pumila were represented by a significant number of individuals and were in a stable state. According to the “delta-omega” criterion, the populations were mature (47.0%), transitional (23.5%), maturing (17.6%), and aging (11.9%), which testified to the diversity of population structure and thus to a satisfactory state of the species in the Samara Region. The populations recovered mainly due to individuals of vegetative origin, but this process was rather slow. Under unfavorable conditions, I. pumila populations were characterized by a vegetative settled way of life. Fires, grazing, and destruction of habitats had a significant impact on the population structure and absolute abundance in the Samara Region.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81384182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Zampedri, N. Bernier, A. Zanella, R. Giannini, C. Menta, Francesca Visentin, P. Mairota, Giacomo Mei, Gabriele Zandegiacomo, Silvio Carollo, Alessio Brandolese, Jean-François Ponge
In recent years, three sections (Humipedon, Copedon and Lithopedon) were recognized in the soil profile. It was then possible to link the first and most biologically active section to the characteristics of the environment and soil genesis. In particular, it is now possible to distinguish organic horizons, mainly produced by arthropods and enchytraeids in cold and acidic or dry and arid environments, from organo-mineral horizons produced by earthworms in more temperate and mesotrophic environments. Each set of horizons can be associated with a humus system or form, with important implications for forestry. Anecic/endogeic earthworms and Mull or Amphi systems are more abundant in the early and late stages of sylvogenesis; by completely recycling litter, earthworms accelerate the availability of organic and inorganic soil nutrients to roots and pedofauna. On the other hand, arthropods and Moder or Tangel systems characterize the intermediate stages of sylvogenesis, where thickening in the organic horizons and the parallel impoverishment/reduction in the underlying organo-mineral horizons are observed. Recognizing the humus system at the right spatial and temporal scale is crucial for the biological management of a forest. This article includes a data review, new data from a doctoral thesis, and recent comparisons of Italian and French investigations.
{"title":"Soil, Humipedon, Forest Life and Management","authors":"R. Zampedri, N. Bernier, A. Zanella, R. Giannini, C. Menta, Francesca Visentin, P. Mairota, Giacomo Mei, Gabriele Zandegiacomo, Silvio Carollo, Alessio Brandolese, Jean-François Ponge","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14030045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030045","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, three sections (Humipedon, Copedon and Lithopedon) were recognized in the soil profile. It was then possible to link the first and most biologically active section to the characteristics of the environment and soil genesis. In particular, it is now possible to distinguish organic horizons, mainly produced by arthropods and enchytraeids in cold and acidic or dry and arid environments, from organo-mineral horizons produced by earthworms in more temperate and mesotrophic environments. Each set of horizons can be associated with a humus system or form, with important implications for forestry. Anecic/endogeic earthworms and Mull or Amphi systems are more abundant in the early and late stages of sylvogenesis; by completely recycling litter, earthworms accelerate the availability of organic and inorganic soil nutrients to roots and pedofauna. On the other hand, arthropods and Moder or Tangel systems characterize the intermediate stages of sylvogenesis, where thickening in the organic horizons and the parallel impoverishment/reduction in the underlying organo-mineral horizons are observed. Recognizing the humus system at the right spatial and temporal scale is crucial for the biological management of a forest. This article includes a data review, new data from a doctoral thesis, and recent comparisons of Italian and French investigations.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79461602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kushi Yadav, G. Nikalje, Dibyajyoti Pramanik, P. Suprasanna, M. Rai
Microalgae are a natural source of lipids, carotenoids, and other value-added compounds. The combination of nutrients and their precise ratio have a significant impact on the productivity of microalgae-mediated compounds. The biomass, lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid production of three microalgae species, namely, Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus, were investigated by employing standard photoautotrophic media, namely, BG-11, BBM, and HS CHU-10. BBM was found as the most effective medium since it obtained higher biomass, lipids, and carotenoids from microalgae. The lipids and carotenoids were identified using chromatographic and microscopy techniques. The findings showed that although the Monoraphidium sp. biomass productivity was the lowest, it emerged as a substantial producer of astaxanthin, whereas the Chlorella sorokiniana culture could grow in a variety of media and produced β-carotene as a major carotenoid. On the other hand, Scenedesmus obliquus was found to be a considerable source of lipids and β-carotene. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the appropriate medium selection in order to extract an assortment of value-added compounds from freshwater microalgae species.
微藻是脂质、类胡萝卜素和其他增值化合物的天然来源。营养物的组合及其精确比例对微藻介导化合物的生产效率有重要影响。采用标准光自养培养基BG-11、BBM和HS cu -10，研究了单藻(Monoraphidium sp.)、sorokiniana小球藻(Chlorella sorokiniana)和Scenedesmus obliquus 3种微藻的生物量、脂质、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素产量。BBM是最有效的培养基，因为它可以从微藻中获得更高的生物量、脂质和类胡萝卜素。利用色谱和显微技术鉴定了脂类和类胡萝卜素。结果表明，虽然单胞藻生物量生产力最低，但它是虾青素的主要生产者，而小球藻可以在多种培养基中生长，并产生β-胡萝卜素作为主要的类胡萝卜素。另一方面，斜花椰菜被发现是脂质和β-胡萝卜素的重要来源。该研究为从淡水微藻中提取各种增值化合物提供了合适的培养基选择的全面理解。
{"title":"Screening of the Most Effective Media for Bioprospecting Three Indigenous Freshwater Microalgae Species","authors":"Kushi Yadav, G. Nikalje, Dibyajyoti Pramanik, P. Suprasanna, M. Rai","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14030044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030044","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are a natural source of lipids, carotenoids, and other value-added compounds. The combination of nutrients and their precise ratio have a significant impact on the productivity of microalgae-mediated compounds. The biomass, lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid production of three microalgae species, namely, Monoraphidium sp., Chlorella sorokiniana, and Scenedesmus obliquus, were investigated by employing standard photoautotrophic media, namely, BG-11, BBM, and HS CHU-10. BBM was found as the most effective medium since it obtained higher biomass, lipids, and carotenoids from microalgae. The lipids and carotenoids were identified using chromatographic and microscopy techniques. The findings showed that although the Monoraphidium sp. biomass productivity was the lowest, it emerged as a substantial producer of astaxanthin, whereas the Chlorella sorokiniana culture could grow in a variety of media and produced β-carotene as a major carotenoid. On the other hand, Scenedesmus obliquus was found to be a considerable source of lipids and β-carotene. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the appropriate medium selection in order to extract an assortment of value-added compounds from freshwater microalgae species.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90561853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various methodologies, sensitivities, and types of interference affect the quantification of plant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. Modified ferrous oxidation xylenol orange (eFOX) assay and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2 assay are relatively accessible methods. However, their correlation is unknown, for example whether we can get the same results for different species in different environments. Leaf samples of Ambrosia trifida, Solidago altissima, Artemisia princeps, and Sicyos angulatus were collected from a riparian vegetation zone on sunny days. The H2O2 concentration in the plant leaves was evaluated in two groups. Nonfrozen leaf samples were prepared for analysis soon after arriving at the laboratory, and frozen leaf samples were stored at −80 °C for 25 days and prepared afterwards. The eFOX assay can measure even lower fluctuations in H2O2 concentration than the Ti(SO4)2 assay. A substantial correlation was observed between nonfrozen and frozen samples in the eFOX (r = 0.879, p < 0.001) and Ti(SO4)2 assays (r = 0.837, p < 0.001). Sample weight did not affect H2O2 quantification. Each species showed a substantial correlation between the eFOX and Ti(SO4)2 assays in nonfrozen conditions (Ambrosia trifida (r = 0.767, p < 0.001), Solidago altissima (r = 0.583, p < 0.001), Artemisia princeps (r = 0.672, p < 0.001), and Sicyos angulatus (r = 0.828, p < 0.001)). Therefore, both methods can be utilized easily and rapidly to quantify oxidative stress using H2O2.
各种方法、灵敏度和干扰类型影响植物过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度的定量。改性亚铁氧化二甲酚橙(eFOX)测定法和硫酸钛(Ti(SO4)2)测定法是相对容易获得的方法。然而，它们之间的相关性是未知的，例如，我们是否可以在不同的环境中对不同的物种得到相同的结果。在日照条件下，在河岸植被带采集了三叶草、一枝黄花、太子蒿和角叶蝉的叶片样本。测定两组植物叶片中H2O2浓度。非冷冻叶片样品在到达实验室后立即制备用于分析，冷冻叶片样品在- 80°C下保存25天并随后制备。与Ti(SO4)2法相比，eFOX法可以测量更低的H2O2浓度波动。在eFOX (r = 0.879, p < 0.001)和Ti(SO4)2 (r = 0.837, p < 0.001)检测中，非冷冻和冷冻样品之间存在显著相关性。样品重量不影响H2O2的定量。在非冷冻条件下，各种属的eFOX与Ti(SO4)2含量呈显著相关(Ambrosia triida (r = 0.767, p < 0.001)、Solidago altissima (r = 0.583, p < 0.001)、Artemisia prineps (r = 0.672, p < 0.001)和Sicyos angulatus (r = 0.828, p < 0.001)。因此，这两种方法都可以方便、快速地利用H2O2定量氧化应激。
{"title":"Hydrogen Peroxide Measurement Can Be Used to Monitor Plant Oxidative Stress Rapidly Using Modified Ferrous Oxidation Xylenol Orange and Titanium Sulfate Assay Correlation","authors":"Md Mizanur Rahman, T. Asaeda, Kiyotaka Fukahori, Fumiko Imamura, Akio Nohara, Masaomi Matsubayashi","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14030043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030043","url":null,"abstract":"Various methodologies, sensitivities, and types of interference affect the quantification of plant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. Modified ferrous oxidation xylenol orange (eFOX) assay and titanium sulfate (Ti(SO4)2 assay are relatively accessible methods. However, their correlation is unknown, for example whether we can get the same results for different species in different environments. Leaf samples of Ambrosia trifida, Solidago altissima, Artemisia princeps, and Sicyos angulatus were collected from a riparian vegetation zone on sunny days. The H2O2 concentration in the plant leaves was evaluated in two groups. Nonfrozen leaf samples were prepared for analysis soon after arriving at the laboratory, and frozen leaf samples were stored at −80 °C for 25 days and prepared afterwards. The eFOX assay can measure even lower fluctuations in H2O2 concentration than the Ti(SO4)2 assay. A substantial correlation was observed between nonfrozen and frozen samples in the eFOX (r = 0.879, p < 0.001) and Ti(SO4)2 assays (r = 0.837, p < 0.001). Sample weight did not affect H2O2 quantification. Each species showed a substantial correlation between the eFOX and Ti(SO4)2 assays in nonfrozen conditions (Ambrosia trifida (r = 0.767, p < 0.001), Solidago altissima (r = 0.583, p < 0.001), Artemisia princeps (r = 0.672, p < 0.001), and Sicyos angulatus (r = 0.828, p < 0.001)). Therefore, both methods can be utilized easily and rapidly to quantify oxidative stress using H2O2.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77572791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of in vitro callus cultures as experimental model systems allows us to get closer to understanding the patterns and features of morphogenesis in intact plants. In this regard, the problem of realizing the morphogenetic potential of callus cells due to their pluri- and totipotency properties is of great interest. To solve this problem, it is important to use the histological approach, which involves studying the structures of developing tissues, organs and organisms in their interactions and relationships. This review article analyzes data devoted to the study of the histological features of formed primary morphogenic calli (formation of morphogenetic centers and superficial meristematic zones), as well as the in vitro morphogenesis pathways in calli that lead to the formation of regenerants (de novo organogenesis and in vitro somatic embryogenesis). The terminology used is considered. Some questions for discussion are raised. The opinion is expressed that histological (structural) studies should be considered as a methodologic basis for further investigation of various morphogenetic scenarios in in vitro callus cultures, especially in economically valuable plants and for biotechnological purposes.
{"title":"Histological Approach to the Study of Morphogenesis in Callus Cultures In Vitro: A Review","authors":"N. Kruglova, A. Zinatullina, N. Yegorova","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14020042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020042","url":null,"abstract":"The use of in vitro callus cultures as experimental model systems allows us to get closer to understanding the patterns and features of morphogenesis in intact plants. In this regard, the problem of realizing the morphogenetic potential of callus cells due to their pluri- and totipotency properties is of great interest. To solve this problem, it is important to use the histological approach, which involves studying the structures of developing tissues, organs and organisms in their interactions and relationships. This review article analyzes data devoted to the study of the histological features of formed primary morphogenic calli (formation of morphogenetic centers and superficial meristematic zones), as well as the in vitro morphogenesis pathways in calli that lead to the formation of regenerants (de novo organogenesis and in vitro somatic embryogenesis). The terminology used is considered. Some questions for discussion are raised. The opinion is expressed that histological (structural) studies should be considered as a methodologic basis for further investigation of various morphogenetic scenarios in in vitro callus cultures, especially in economically valuable plants and for biotechnological purposes.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82869321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allium resources in Russia are a potential source of genes for expanding the genetic base of agricultural crops. The leaves of Allium crops have a short freshness period and quickly deteriorate due to spoilage and loss of water. The aim of the work was to establish the yield and change in the quality of green leaves of Allium species introduced into the Moscow region during short-term storage, depending on the type of packaging, storage period, and temperature. Research methods: introduction and mobilization of existing plant genetic collection of representatives of the genus Allium L. was carried out as part of the implementation of the State task. Four to five-year-old plants of four species (A. altyncolicum, A. chyatophorum, A. nutans and A. turkestanicum) were grown on the collection plot of perennial onions of VNIIO, a branch of the FGBNU FNTSO. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the yield per leaf generation varied from 2.7 kg/m2 (A. altyncolicum) to 4.9 kg/m2 (A. cyathophorum). The maximum yield of marketable products was noted in hermetically sealed plastic bags when stored for 10 days at a temperature of +6 to +8 °C in a refrigerator with controlled conditions: A. turkestanicum—70.0%, A. cyathophorum—75.5%, A. altyncolicum—84.9%, A. nutans—92.9%. The maximum content of vitamin C during storage in hermetic bags with a density of 100 μm was found in A. altyncolicum (37.1 mg per 100 g) and A. nutans (42 mg per 100 g). A slight increase in the amount of sugars after storage for 10 days was noted in species with a linear leaf shape when stored in a polymer box. Temperature control is the most effective approach to extending the shelf life of fresh green leaves by measuring their weight loss and vitamin C.
{"title":"Influence of Different Packages and Storage Temperatures on the Quality of Edible Allium Species","authors":"M. Ivanova, E. Yanchenko, A. Kashleva","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14020040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020040","url":null,"abstract":"Allium resources in Russia are a potential source of genes for expanding the genetic base of agricultural crops. The leaves of Allium crops have a short freshness period and quickly deteriorate due to spoilage and loss of water. The aim of the work was to establish the yield and change in the quality of green leaves of Allium species introduced into the Moscow region during short-term storage, depending on the type of packaging, storage period, and temperature. Research methods: introduction and mobilization of existing plant genetic collection of representatives of the genus Allium L. was carried out as part of the implementation of the State task. Four to five-year-old plants of four species (A. altyncolicum, A. chyatophorum, A. nutans and A. turkestanicum) were grown on the collection plot of perennial onions of VNIIO, a branch of the FGBNU FNTSO. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the yield per leaf generation varied from 2.7 kg/m2 (A. altyncolicum) to 4.9 kg/m2 (A. cyathophorum). The maximum yield of marketable products was noted in hermetically sealed plastic bags when stored for 10 days at a temperature of +6 to +8 °C in a refrigerator with controlled conditions: A. turkestanicum—70.0%, A. cyathophorum—75.5%, A. altyncolicum—84.9%, A. nutans—92.9%. The maximum content of vitamin C during storage in hermetic bags with a density of 100 μm was found in A. altyncolicum (37.1 mg per 100 g) and A. nutans (42 mg per 100 g). A slight increase in the amount of sugars after storage for 10 days was noted in species with a linear leaf shape when stored in a polymer box. Temperature control is the most effective approach to extending the shelf life of fresh green leaves by measuring their weight loss and vitamin C.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habiba Rechek, Ammar Haouat, D. Pinto, David M. Pereira, R. Pereira, M. Válega, S. Cardoso, Artur M. S. Silva
The present study assessed two different plant parts (leaves and tubers) of Arum italicum species growing in Northeast Algeria for their phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects. The phytochemical content was determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). The results revealed that the tuber extract was rich in lignans with a fraxiresinol glycoside as the major compound. In contrast, the leaf extract was rich in flavonoid glycosides, described for the first time in the aerial part of this species. The extract’s inhibitory activity against key enzymes was linked to hyperglycemia, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, and their ability to inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and lung carcinoma (A549) cancer cell lines was also assessed. A cell line morphology study was also conducted with the most effective extract. The chromatin status of the cells was evaluated using DAPI, while the cytoplasmic morphology was evaluated using phalloidin. The tuber extract generally inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes more efficiently than the leaf extract. Its inhibition effect against the α-glucosidase was significantly higher when compared to the standard acarbose. The tuber extract also caused more viability loss of AGS and A549 cancer cells than the leaf extract in the cytotoxicity assay. In conclusion, our findings show that, compared to the leaf extract, the tuber extract exhibited more pronounced biological effects. The strong inhibitory potential of the tuber extract against the α-glucosidase enzyme should also be highlighted, which suggests it is a good candidate for discovering new antidiabetic agents.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis between the Phenolic Content, Key Enzyme Inhibitory Potential, and Cytotoxic Activity of Arum italicum Miller in Two Different Organs","authors":"Habiba Rechek, Ammar Haouat, D. Pinto, David M. Pereira, R. Pereira, M. Válega, S. Cardoso, Artur M. S. Silva","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14020041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020041","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed two different plant parts (leaves and tubers) of Arum italicum species growing in Northeast Algeria for their phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects. The phytochemical content was determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). The results revealed that the tuber extract was rich in lignans with a fraxiresinol glycoside as the major compound. In contrast, the leaf extract was rich in flavonoid glycosides, described for the first time in the aerial part of this species. The extract’s inhibitory activity against key enzymes was linked to hyperglycemia, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, and their ability to inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and lung carcinoma (A549) cancer cell lines was also assessed. A cell line morphology study was also conducted with the most effective extract. The chromatin status of the cells was evaluated using DAPI, while the cytoplasmic morphology was evaluated using phalloidin. The tuber extract generally inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes more efficiently than the leaf extract. Its inhibition effect against the α-glucosidase was significantly higher when compared to the standard acarbose. The tuber extract also caused more viability loss of AGS and A549 cancer cells than the leaf extract in the cytotoxicity assay. In conclusion, our findings show that, compared to the leaf extract, the tuber extract exhibited more pronounced biological effects. The strong inhibitory potential of the tuber extract against the α-glucosidase enzyme should also be highlighted, which suggests it is a good candidate for discovering new antidiabetic agents.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83551594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. Win, Yang-Yik Song, J. Nam, Jingi Yoo, I. Kang, Young Sik Cho, Sangjin Yang, Juhyeon Park
This study aimed to identify the efficiency of mechanical flower thinning (MFT) and its influence on apple fruit quality. In the first experiment, ‘Arisoo’ apple flowers were subjected to MFT with one hundred sixty-two (half) and three hundred twenty-four (full) strings at the same rotor (300 rpm) and tractor (6 km/h) speeds. Hand thinning was performed as a control. The number of removed flowers in each terminal and lateral flower cluster was slightly higher in MFT with full-strings than that of MFT with half-strings. The fruit set rate was lower in MFT with full-strings than that of MFT with half-strings. However, the use of full-strings during mechanical thinning increased the leaf damage rate compared to half-strings. Except a* value, MFT with full-strings improved flesh firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), and reduced starch pattern index of fruits at harvest compared to the control. In the second experiment, ‘Fuji’ apple flowers were subjected to chemical thinning, MFT (300 rpm, 6 km/h), and MFT + chemical thinning treatments and compared with hand thinning (control). The thinning efficiency of MFT was similar to that of chemical thinning and MFT + chemical thinning treatments in terms of the removal of flowers and fruit set rates. Compared to the control, MFT, chemical thinning, and their combined treatments improved flesh firmness and SSC of fruits at harvest. TA was highest in the chemical thinning treatment compared to other thinning treatments. However, fruit size, weight, and a* value were unaffected by any treatment. In conclusion, the use of full-strings during MFT achieved optimal results in ‘Arisoo’ apples. In ‘Fuji’ apples, MFT treatment alone achieved effective results and the addition of chemical thinning after MFT had no supportive role in thinning efficiency and fruit quality.
{"title":"Influence of Mechanical Flower Thinning on Fruit Set and Quality of ‘Arisoo’ and ‘Fuji’ Apples","authors":"N. M. Win, Yang-Yik Song, J. Nam, Jingi Yoo, I. Kang, Young Sik Cho, Sangjin Yang, Juhyeon Park","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14020039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020039","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify the efficiency of mechanical flower thinning (MFT) and its influence on apple fruit quality. In the first experiment, ‘Arisoo’ apple flowers were subjected to MFT with one hundred sixty-two (half) and three hundred twenty-four (full) strings at the same rotor (300 rpm) and tractor (6 km/h) speeds. Hand thinning was performed as a control. The number of removed flowers in each terminal and lateral flower cluster was slightly higher in MFT with full-strings than that of MFT with half-strings. The fruit set rate was lower in MFT with full-strings than that of MFT with half-strings. However, the use of full-strings during mechanical thinning increased the leaf damage rate compared to half-strings. Except a* value, MFT with full-strings improved flesh firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), and reduced starch pattern index of fruits at harvest compared to the control. In the second experiment, ‘Fuji’ apple flowers were subjected to chemical thinning, MFT (300 rpm, 6 km/h), and MFT + chemical thinning treatments and compared with hand thinning (control). The thinning efficiency of MFT was similar to that of chemical thinning and MFT + chemical thinning treatments in terms of the removal of flowers and fruit set rates. Compared to the control, MFT, chemical thinning, and their combined treatments improved flesh firmness and SSC of fruits at harvest. TA was highest in the chemical thinning treatment compared to other thinning treatments. However, fruit size, weight, and a* value were unaffected by any treatment. In conclusion, the use of full-strings during MFT achieved optimal results in ‘Arisoo’ apples. In ‘Fuji’ apples, MFT treatment alone achieved effective results and the addition of chemical thinning after MFT had no supportive role in thinning efficiency and fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82502039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naamah Ahmed Salem Aldhabb Alyammahi, F. Ridouane, Aseela Abdulla Almoalla, Aishah AL DHANHANI, A. Gorashi, Shaher Bano Mirza
The introduction of exotic plant species in the UAE poses substantial environmental challenges. Both poorly and well-adapted species can be detrimental to the local ecosystem by outcompeting native species and disrupting ecosystems. Native plants play a critical role in maintaining the ecological balance of any region. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), native plants face significant threats due to habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species. Despite their ecological importance and potential benefits, a comprehensive and accessible database of native plant species for the UAE is currently lacking. Our review paper aims to address this gap by presenting an in-depth analysis of the native plants in Fujairah and the UAE. Our work covers almost all the native plants reported to date, which have been verified and added to our database. We provide valuable insights into the type, nature, physiology, habitat types, and other key aspects of these native plants. By presenting this information in a comprehensive and accessible manner, we hope to facilitate efforts toward biodiversity conservation and sustainable ecosystem management in the UAE. To address this issue, we have developed UAE Flora: The Native Plants Database of Emirates. This Web-based, virtual database contains over 760 plants identified from more than 400 published articles, online resources, and books from national and international authors. Each entry in UAE Flora includes over 50 data fields representing various ecological, biological, and pharmacological properties that have been manually extracted from the literature. This review paper will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and the public interested in promoting the conservation of native plants in the UAE. Flora will serve as a plant data repository that is the first of its kind in the United Arab Emirates.
{"title":"Exploration of the Native Plants from the Biodiversity of United Arab Emirates for Conservation and Reintroduction Efforts: Collection, Verification, Design, and Implementation of UAE Flora Database","authors":"Naamah Ahmed Salem Aldhabb Alyammahi, F. Ridouane, Aseela Abdulla Almoalla, Aishah AL DHANHANI, A. Gorashi, Shaher Bano Mirza","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14020038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020038","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of exotic plant species in the UAE poses substantial environmental challenges. Both poorly and well-adapted species can be detrimental to the local ecosystem by outcompeting native species and disrupting ecosystems. Native plants play a critical role in maintaining the ecological balance of any region. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), native plants face significant threats due to habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species. Despite their ecological importance and potential benefits, a comprehensive and accessible database of native plant species for the UAE is currently lacking. Our review paper aims to address this gap by presenting an in-depth analysis of the native plants in Fujairah and the UAE. Our work covers almost all the native plants reported to date, which have been verified and added to our database. We provide valuable insights into the type, nature, physiology, habitat types, and other key aspects of these native plants. By presenting this information in a comprehensive and accessible manner, we hope to facilitate efforts toward biodiversity conservation and sustainable ecosystem management in the UAE. To address this issue, we have developed UAE Flora: The Native Plants Database of Emirates. This Web-based, virtual database contains over 760 plants identified from more than 400 published articles, online resources, and books from national and international authors. Each entry in UAE Flora includes over 50 data fields representing various ecological, biological, and pharmacological properties that have been manually extracted from the literature. This review paper will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and the public interested in promoting the conservation of native plants in the UAE. Flora will serve as a plant data repository that is the first of its kind in the United Arab Emirates.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78370911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. I. Nieto-Ramírez, A. Feregrino-Pérez, Humberto Aguirre Becerra, Benito Parra-Pacheco, Mónica Vanessa Oviedo-Olvera, J. F. García-Trejo
Lippia graveolens is one of the most important aromatic species in Mexico due to antioxidant and antibiotic activities reported in its essential oil. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of irrigation with aquaculture wastewater and salicylic acid addition on the production of phenolic compounds in L. graveolens. L. graveolens plants (14) were irrigated with aquaculture wastewater and (14) using Steiner solution for 28 days; at the same time, salicylic acid was exogenously applied at 0.0 (control), 0.5 and 1.0 mM concentrations in both treatments at 5 and 19 experimental days. The total phenolic content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu, the flavonoid content was determined by the aluminum chloride method, and the antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays. The results showed an increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid content in plants irrigated with aquaculture wastewater solution (17.25 ± 2.35 to 38.16 ± 4.47 mg eq GA·g⁻1 W). The antioxidant capacity was higher in plants irrigated with Steiner solution (98.52 mg eq T·g⁻1 W). In conclusion, L. graveolens irrigated with aquaculture wastewater leads to an increase in the total phenolic content and Steiner-solution antioxidant capacity in plants.
{"title":"Response of Phenolic Compounds in Lippia graveolens Kunth Irrigated with Aquaculture Wastewater and Steiner Solution","authors":"M. I. Nieto-Ramírez, A. Feregrino-Pérez, Humberto Aguirre Becerra, Benito Parra-Pacheco, Mónica Vanessa Oviedo-Olvera, J. F. García-Trejo","doi":"10.3390/ijpb14020037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14020037","url":null,"abstract":"Lippia graveolens is one of the most important aromatic species in Mexico due to antioxidant and antibiotic activities reported in its essential oil. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of irrigation with aquaculture wastewater and salicylic acid addition on the production of phenolic compounds in L. graveolens. L. graveolens plants (14) were irrigated with aquaculture wastewater and (14) using Steiner solution for 28 days; at the same time, salicylic acid was exogenously applied at 0.0 (control), 0.5 and 1.0 mM concentrations in both treatments at 5 and 19 experimental days. The total phenolic content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu, the flavonoid content was determined by the aluminum chloride method, and the antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays. The results showed an increase in the total phenolic and flavonoid content in plants irrigated with aquaculture wastewater solution (17.25 ± 2.35 to 38.16 ± 4.47 mg eq GA·g⁻1 W). The antioxidant capacity was higher in plants irrigated with Steiner solution (98.52 mg eq T·g⁻1 W). In conclusion, L. graveolens irrigated with aquaculture wastewater leads to an increase in the total phenolic content and Steiner-solution antioxidant capacity in plants.","PeriodicalId":38827,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Plant Biology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90995028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：