Pub Date : 2023-05-11DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2023.538.2092
Eve Caroli, Catherine Pollak, Muriel Roger
{"title":"The Health-Consumption Effects of Increasing Retirement Age Late in the Game","authors":"Eve Caroli, Catherine Pollak, Muriel Roger","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2023.538.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2023.538.2092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135526913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2014
Doriane Mignon, F. Jusot
[eng] While the health of young adults is a recognised public health issue in France, less attention is paid to their use of healthcare. This article examines the existence of unequal opportunities in the use of healthcare for young adults using data from the National Survey on the Resources of Young Adults (Enquete nationale sur les ressources des jeunes 2014). Using the framework of the philosophy of responsibility, a distinction is made between “unfair” inequalities linked to circumstances beyond the control of young people – or unequal opportunity, and “fair” inequalities linked to characteristics for which they are responsible. Linear probability models are used to estimate the associations between the probabilities of non-use (non-utilisation and foregone health care) and parental characteristics (complementary health insurance, main activity, income, marital and vital status) on the one hand and those of the young person (education, main activity, whether living in the parental home or not, financial resources, complementary health insurance) on the other, reflecting the existence of unfair and fair inequalities respectively. Variance decomposition makes it possible to quantify these inequalities and suggests that unfair inequalities outweigh fair inequalities.
虽然在法国，年轻人的健康是一个公认的公共健康问题，但对他们使用保健服务的关注较少。本文利用青年人资源全国调查(Enquete nationale sur les Resources des jeunes 2014)的数据，研究了青年人在使用医疗保健方面存在的不平等机会。利用责任哲学的框架，区分了与年轻人无法控制的环境或机会不平等有关的“不公平”不平等和与他们负责的特征有关的“公平”不平等。线性概率模型用于估计不使用(不使用和放弃医疗保健)和父母特征(补充医疗保险、主要活动、收入、婚姻和生命状况)的概率与年轻人的特征(教育、主要活动、是否住在父母家中、财政资源、补充医疗保险)之间的关联。分别反映了不公平和公平不平等的存在。方差分解使得量化这些不平等成为可能，并表明不公平的不平等大于公平的不平等。
{"title":"Inequalities of Opportunity in the Use of Healthcare by Young Adults in France","authors":"Doriane Mignon, F. Jusot","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2014","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] While the health of young adults is a recognised public health issue in France, less attention is paid to their use of healthcare. This article examines the existence of unequal opportunities in the use of healthcare for young adults using data from the National Survey on the Resources of Young Adults (Enquete nationale sur les ressources des jeunes 2014). Using the framework of the philosophy of responsibility, a distinction is made between “unfair” inequalities linked to circumstances beyond the control of young people – or unequal opportunity, and “fair” inequalities linked to characteristics for which they are responsible. Linear probability models are used to estimate the associations between the probabilities of non-use (non-utilisation and foregone health care) and parental characteristics (complementary health insurance, main activity, income, marital and vital status) on the one hand and those of the young person (education, main activity, whether living in the parental home or not, financial resources, complementary health insurance) on the other, reflecting the existence of unfair and fair inequalities respectively. Variance decomposition makes it possible to quantify these inequalities and suggests that unfair inequalities outweigh fair inequalities.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83848036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2012
Adélaïde Favrat, Vincent Lignon, M. Pucci
[eng] This paper assesses the support provided by the tax and social security system to young adults aged 18-24, distinguishing between the direct benefits they receive and the transfers channelled through their parents, whether in the form of increases in social security benefits or tax savings. Using the Myriade microsimulation model, we estimate that nearly 50% of the support provided to young adults aged 18-24 is channelled through their parents. Illustrating the familialist model that underlies support to young adults in France, indirect transfers tend to be higher in the upper deciles than in the middle deciles, raising questions of fairness. To assess their redistributive properties, the paper examines the effect of redeploying indirect support in the form of an individualised allowance paid directly to young adults. In the two scenarios envisaged, redeployment is found to reduce the average poverty risk and the differences in living standards among young adults, but to penalise some young adults from low-income families still in education.
{"title":"Financial Support for Young Adults Through Tax and Social Transfers – Defamilialisation Scenarios","authors":"Adélaïde Favrat, Vincent Lignon, M. Pucci","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2012","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] This paper assesses the support provided by the tax and social security system to young adults aged 18-24, distinguishing between the direct benefits they receive and the transfers channelled through their parents, whether in the form of increases in social security benefits or tax savings. Using the Myriade microsimulation model, we estimate that nearly 50% of the support provided to young adults aged 18-24 is channelled through their parents. Illustrating the familialist model that underlies support to young adults in France, indirect transfers tend to be higher in the upper deciles than in the middle deciles, raising questions of fairness. To assess their redistributive properties, the paper examines the effect of redeploying indirect support in the form of an individualised allowance paid directly to young adults. In the two scenarios envisaged, redeployment is found to reduce the average poverty risk and the differences in living standards among young adults, but to penalise some young adults from low-income families still in education.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82491699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-09DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2011
Audrey-Rose Menard, Vincent Vergnat
[eng] Entering adulthood is characterised by different choices. These include choosing whether or not to study, leave the parental home or work. This article examines the potential links between family environment and the choices made by young adults using data from the Enquete nationale sur les ressources des jeunes (ENRJ, National survey on young adults’ resources). The econometric methodology adopted allows us to take into account the quasi-simultaneous nature of these decisions. Aside from family structure, income, geographic location and the socio-professional category of the parents, we include indicators measuring the quality of young people’s relationships with their parents. In particular, we show that the professional and financial situation of the parents is not the only determining factor of the decisions made by young people; the quality of young people’s relationships with their parents also has an influence on their decisions.
进入成年期的特点是有不同的选择。这些包括选择是否学习，离开父母的家或工作。本文利用国家青年资源调查(ENRJ, National survey on young adults’resources des jeunes)的数据，研究了家庭环境与年轻人选择之间的潜在联系。所采用的计量经济学方法使我们能够考虑到这些决定的准同时性质。除了家庭结构、收入、地理位置和父母的社会专业类别外，我们还包括衡量年轻人与父母关系质量的指标。特别是，我们表明，父母的职业和经济状况并不是年轻人做决定的唯一决定因素;年轻人与父母关系的好坏也会影响他们的决定。
{"title":"Young People’s Decisions in the Transition to Adulthood in France: The Influence of Family Factors","authors":"Audrey-Rose Menard, Vincent Vergnat","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2020.514t.2011","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Entering adulthood is characterised by different choices. These include choosing whether or not to study, leave the parental home or work. This article examines the potential links between family environment and the choices made by young adults using data from the Enquete nationale sur les ressources des jeunes (ENRJ, National survey on young adults’ resources). The econometric methodology adopted allows us to take into account the quasi-simultaneous nature of these decisions. Aside from family structure, income, geographic location and the socio-professional category of the parents, we include indicators measuring the quality of young people’s relationships with their parents. In particular, we show that the professional and financial situation of the parents is not the only determining factor of the decisions made by young people; the quality of young people’s relationships with their parents also has an influence on their decisions.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88956051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2000
C. Antonin
[eng] Using data from the 2010-2011 Insee Household Budget Survey (enquete Budget de famille), the article examines the links between the saving rate of French households and their income. It shows that the saving rate of the richest households increases with permanent income: they save more over their lifecycle. In addition, the empirical analysis makes it possible to identify and quantify a precautionary motive linked to the risk of unemployment: the precautionary motive leads to a surplus of savings flows of approximately 6.4% for working households. Furthermore, the proportion of precautionary wealth linked to uncertainty over future income is comparable, around 6.3% of overall wealth. Finally, the significance of the precautionary motive depends on the level of income, following an inverted U shaped curve: it is almost twice as strong for households in the third and fourth quintiles than for the extreme income quintiles.
本文使用2010-2011年Insee家庭预算调查(enquete Budget de famille)的数据，研究了法国家庭储蓄率与收入之间的关系。它表明，最富有家庭的储蓄率随着永久收入的增加而增加:他们在一生中储蓄更多。此外，实证分析使识别和量化与失业风险相关的预防性动机成为可能:预防性动机导致工作家庭的储蓄流动盈余约为6.4%。此外，与未来收入不确定性相关的预防性财富比例也相当，约占总财富的6.3%。最后，预防性动机的重要性取决于收入水平，呈倒U型曲线:第三和第四五分之一家庭的预防性动机几乎是极端收入五分之一家庭的两倍。
{"title":"The Links between Saving Rates, Income and Uncertainty: An Analysis based on the 2011 Household Budget Survey","authors":"C. Antonin","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2000","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Using data from the 2010-2011 Insee Household Budget Survey (enquete Budget de famille), the article examines the links between the saving rate of French households and their income. It shows that the saving rate of the richest households increases with permanent income: they save more over their lifecycle. In addition, the empirical analysis makes it possible to identify and quantify a precautionary motive linked to the risk of unemployment: the precautionary motive leads to a surplus of savings flows of approximately 6.4% for working households. Furthermore, the proportion of precautionary wealth linked to uncertainty over future income is comparable, around 6.3% of overall wealth. Finally, the significance of the precautionary motive depends on the level of income, following an inverted U shaped curve: it is almost twice as strong for households in the third and fourth quintiles than for the extreme income quintiles.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72497671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2004
J. Gallo, Yannick L’Horty, L. Parquet, P. Petit
[eng] We measure the extent of discrimination in access to rental housing in the private sector using a test in the 50 largest urban areas in Metropolitan France, covering several grounds of discrimination: age, origin, place of residence and combinations thereof. The protocol consisted of sending, between June and December 2016, five fictitious applications in response to a selection of 5,000 advertisements for private rental housing spread throughout Metropolitan France. We check whether discrimination in access to housing depends on the characteristics of the applicants, those of the advertiser and those of the local context. We do not highlight any discrimination based on the applicant’s age. We do find a positive effect of reporting living in low-rent housing or in a housing estate. We also find significant discrimination according to origin, which penalises applicants whose surnames and first names indicate a North African or African origin.
{"title":"Discrimination in Access to Housing: A Test on Urban Areas in Metropolitan France","authors":"J. Gallo, Yannick L’Horty, L. Parquet, P. Petit","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2004","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] We measure the extent of discrimination in access to rental housing in the private sector using a test in the 50 largest urban areas in Metropolitan France, covering several grounds of discrimination: age, origin, place of residence and combinations thereof. The protocol consisted of sending, between June and December 2016, five fictitious applications in response to a selection of 5,000 advertisements for private rental housing spread throughout Metropolitan France. We check whether discrimination in access to housing depends on the characteristics of the applicants, those of the advertiser and those of the local context. We do not highlight any discrimination based on the applicant’s age. We do find a positive effect of reporting living in low-rent housing or in a housing estate. We also find significant discrimination according to origin, which penalises applicants whose surnames and first names indicate a North African or African origin.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79354710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-17DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2002
S. Auray, V. Caponi, Benoît Ravel
[eng] Competition and climate becoming more important for electricity production and consumption, market operators are increasingly interested in reliable forecasts of electricity prices and consumption for planning their investments and regulating policies. Key for good forecasts is understanding the consumers’ reaction to price changes, synthesized by the concept of elasticity. Using a unique dataset of millions of bi-annual meter readings of electricity consumption in France from 2007 to 2015, we estimate the price elasticity of electricity expenditure of private households. We propose three specifications: a canonical one that regresses electricity consumption on a price per kilowatt/hour, where we find an elasticity equal to -0.8, a result remarkably in line and corroborating previous literature; a specification that follows Filippini’s (1995) model of an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), in which we substantially replicate his results; and finally, an extension of the latter that allows elasticities to be season-dependent that shows the demand of electricity being more elastic in summer.
{"title":"Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand in France","authors":"S. Auray, V. Caponi, Benoît Ravel","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.513.2002","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Competition and climate becoming more important for electricity production and consumption, market operators are increasingly interested in reliable forecasts of electricity prices and consumption for planning their investments and regulating policies. Key for good forecasts is understanding the consumers’ reaction to price changes, synthesized by the concept of elasticity. Using a unique dataset of millions of bi-annual meter readings of electricity consumption in France from 2007 to 2015, we estimate the price elasticity of electricity expenditure of private households. We propose three specifications: a canonical one that regresses electricity consumption on a price per kilowatt/hour, where we find an elasticity equal to -0.8, a result remarkably in line and corroborating previous literature; a specification that follows Filippini’s (1995) model of an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), in which we substantially replicate his results; and finally, an extension of the latter that allows elasticities to be season-dependent that shows the demand of electricity being more elastic in summer.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80131336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-06DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991
Dominique Goux, E. Maurin
[eng] In France, the proportion of unskilled non manual jobs is higher today than forty years ago, especially in personal service sectors. However, these unskilled jobs are only growing in occupations where employers enjoy significant reductions in social contributions and only in periods when these reductions are mplemented. Throughout the same period, the diffusion of new technologies systematically appears to be favourable to higher and intermediate level occupations. Technological change contributes less to a polarisation between higher level and lower level jobs than to the emergence of a society where intermediate level jobs take an increasingly central place. However, the joint rise in higher and intermediate level jobs is not strong enough to absorb the influx of high school and college graduates. An increasing number of graduates are forced to compete with less educated workers in lower level job positions. The result is both an increase in the occupational downgrading of graduates and the persistence of very high unemployment rates for non graduates.
{"title":"Forty Years of Change in Labour Supply and Demand by Skill Level – Technical Progress, Labour Costs and Social Change","authors":"Dominique Goux, E. Maurin","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1991","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] In France, the proportion of unskilled non manual jobs is higher today than forty years ago, especially in personal service sectors. However, these unskilled jobs are only growing in occupations where employers enjoy significant reductions in social contributions and only in periods when these reductions are mplemented. Throughout the same period, the diffusion of new technologies systematically appears to be favourable to higher and intermediate level occupations. Technological change contributes less to a polarisation between higher level and lower level jobs than to the emergence of a society where intermediate level jobs take an increasingly central place. However, the joint rise in higher and intermediate level jobs is not strong enough to absorb the influx of high school and college graduates. An increasing number of graduates are forced to compete with less educated workers in lower level job positions. The result is both an increase in the occupational downgrading of graduates and the persistence of very high unemployment rates for non graduates.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-06DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1987
D. Blanchet, Fabrice Lenseigne
[eng] In France, recent economic trends have rekindled the feeling of divergence between global economic growth and changes in purchasing power. Long series of national accounts help put this gap in perspective. More so than GDP, the most appropriate indicator for capturing changes in the living conditions of households is gross disposable income (GDI) per consumption unit. Several factors have combined to limit its rise since the 1960s and, despite its recent recovery, it has tended to stagnate over the last decade, as between the late 1970s and the 1980s. Overall, the picture over the past few decades is not one of a steadily rising standard of living. But national accounts do not support the hypothesis that it would have declined. Two factors may account for its perceived decline: consumption norms, that grow faster than consumption possibilities, and rising vertical or intergenerational inequalities. However, vertical inequalities have remained relatively stable and parity in living standards between workers and pensioners has been maintained as well. It will be more difficult to achieve such a parity in the future.
{"title":"Economic Growth and Household Purchasing Power in France: Key Changes Since 1960","authors":"D. Blanchet, Fabrice Lenseigne","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1987","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] In France, recent economic trends have rekindled the feeling of divergence between global economic growth and changes in purchasing power. Long series of national accounts help put this gap in perspective. More so than GDP, the most appropriate indicator for capturing changes in the living conditions of households is gross disposable income (GDI) per consumption unit. Several factors have combined to limit its rise since the 1960s and, despite its recent recovery, it has tended to stagnate over the last decade, as between the late 1970s and the 1980s. Overall, the picture over the past few decades is not one of a steadily rising standard of living. But national accounts do not support the hypothesis that it would have declined. Two factors may account for its perceived decline: consumption norms, that grow faster than consumption possibilities, and rising vertical or intergenerational inequalities. However, vertical inequalities have remained relatively stable and parity in living standards between workers and pensioners has been maintained as well. It will be more difficult to achieve such a parity in the future.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78090787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-06DOI: 10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1992
M. Pak, Pierre-Alain Pionnier, Cyrille Schwellnus
[eng] Over the past two decades, real wage growth in many OECD countries has decou¬pled from labour productivity growth, as labour income shares have declined. This paper analyses the drivers of labour share developments using a combination of industry- and firm-level data. Technological change in the investment goods-producing sector and greater global value chain participation have compressed labour shares, but the effect of technological change has been significantly less pronounced for high-skilled workers. Countries with falling labour shares have witnessed both a decline at the technological frontier and a reallocation of market shares toward “superstar” firms with low labour shares. The decline at the technological frontier mainly reflects the entry of firms with low labour shares into the frontier rather than a decline of labour shares in incumbent frontier firms, suggesting that thus far this process is mainly explained by technological dynamism rather than anti-competitive forces.
{"title":"Labour Share Developments in OECD Countries Over the Past Two Decades","authors":"M. Pak, Pierre-Alain Pionnier, Cyrille Schwellnus","doi":"10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2019.510t.1992","url":null,"abstract":"[eng] Over the past two decades, real wage growth in many OECD countries has decou¬pled from labour productivity growth, as labour income shares have declined. This paper analyses the drivers of labour share developments using a combination of industry- and firm-level data. Technological change in the investment goods-producing sector and greater global value chain participation have compressed labour shares, but the effect of technological change has been significantly less pronounced for high-skilled workers. Countries with falling labour shares have witnessed both a decline at the technological frontier and a reallocation of market shares toward “superstar” firms with low labour shares. The decline at the technological frontier mainly reflects the entry of firms with low labour shares into the frontier rather than a decline of labour shares in incumbent frontier firms, suggesting that thus far this process is mainly explained by technological dynamism rather than anti-competitive forces.","PeriodicalId":38830,"journal":{"name":"Economie et Statistique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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