Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

Background: Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) comprise a broad range of conditions characterized by abnormal lymphocyte proliferation. Extranodal manifestations are relatively rare, particularly in the oral cavity. A detailed understanding of their histopathological and immunophenotypic features is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cellular composition of intraoral extranodal LPDs and assess their diagnostic significance.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 confirmed cases of extranodal LPDs retrieved from the Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, spanning the period from 2004 to 2024. Clinical records, histopathological slides and immunohistochemical profiles were reviewed. The study focused on evaluating key cellular components, including centroblasts, centrocytes, immunoblasts and plasma cells. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) constituted 74% of the cases, with a slight male predominance (7:6). The maxilla was more frequently affected than the mandible (8:2). A diffuse growth pattern was observed in 70% of cases, with centroblasts being the most prominent cell type (38%). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significant positivity for CD45, CD20 and CD138 (P = 0.006), highlighting their role in distinguishing lymphoid and plasma cell neoplasms.

Conclusion: Intraoral extranodal LPDs, though uncommon, exhibit distinct histopathological and immunophenotypic characteristics that support accurate classification and diagnosis. The predominance of centroblasts in aggressive cases reinforces their prognostic value. This study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach and emphasizes the need for further research into molecular markers to enhance detection and targeted therapy.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially premalignant disorder involving oral mucosa presented with 7-13% rate of malignant transformation. Galectin-3 is a chimeric protein presented in the human body which plays an important role in certain physiologic conditions as well as pathologic conditions.

Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of Gal-3 on connective tissue remodelling in both normal oral mucosa and OSMF.

Materials and methods: The study sample included 40 individuals who visited the outpatient department of Manubhai Patel Dental College and a private dental clinic. The study samples were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of 20 patients with clinically diagnosed OSMF, and group II consisted of 20 patients with healthy oral mucosa. A punch biopsy was conducted to obtain the mucosal tissue from the appropriate site in each case of group 1. Tissues from healthy buccal mucosa were obtained during minor oral surgical procedures in group 2 cases. The statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS software, version 20.0, developed by IBM in USA.

Results: Based on the examination done according to TFM staging system, most of the cases belonged to stage 3. The majority of the OSMF cases were belonging to the grade III OSMF. Gal-3 immunoreactivity in epithelial cells in OSMF and in normal oral mucosa (NOM) was observed as membranous and cytoplasmic expression.

Conclusion: The immuno-expression of Gal-3 was observed to be significantly elevated in the connective tissue near the epithelium in OSMF when compared to NOM.

Purpose: To study the prevalence of oral mucosal variants (OMVs), oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) and to determine their association with demographic parameters, body mass index (BMI), and ABO/Rh blood group among the elderly population of Aligarh.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted among elderly patients, of both genders, aged more than 60 years. Demographic data (including age, gender, marital status, and history of systemic illness) BMI, and ABO/Rh blood group were recorded. Oral examination was performed by a single oral physician, and the presence of OMVs and OMLs was recorded as Class I and Class II. Langlais and Miller's atlas was used to confirm the diagnosis. The perceived stress scale (PSS) was used to evaluate stress. Biopsy was performed if required. Data obtained were tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS version 20.0.

Results: A total of 989 patients were selected in the study, out of which 666 (318 OMVs and 348 OMLs) cases had oral mucosal findings. Maximum oral findings were noted in Group I (60-69 years). Fordyce granules (32.07%) were the most common OMV, while red and white lesions (43.67%) were the most common OMLs. A strong association (P < 0.005) was found between stress and vesico-bullous OMLs. 45.8% of elderly were found to be underweight. OMLs patients showed a strong association with at least two associated systemic diseases. B+ve was the most common blood group among patients with OMLs.

Conclusion: We observed that geriatric oral health is strongly affected by increasing age, BMI, marital status, deleterious tobacco/betel nut chewing habits, systemic diseases, stress, and blood group.

Background and aim: Systemic inflammation in response to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been known to be a detrimental factor for the prognosis of the patients. Inflammation-based predictive biomarkers, like levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin, have been associated with rise and decline, respectively, with the advancement of malignancy. A ratio of their serum levels is being recently advocated to be a better prognostic predictor. We evaluated the association of the ratio of serum CRP and albumin with the clinical stage and histological grade of OSCC.

Methods: Thirty-five histopathologically confirmed patients of OSCC were included in the study, and the serum levels of CRP, albumin, and ratio of the serum CRP and albumin levels were measured in patients with different clinical stages and histological grades of the OSCC.

Results: Serum CRP levels showed a progressive statistically significant increase with the advancement of the clinical stage from stage I to stage IV and histological grade of OSCC. The serum levels of albumin exhibited a progressive decline, though statistically insignificant, with the advancement of clinical stage and histological grade of OSCC. The mean value of the ratio of serum CRP and albumin progressively increased with the clinical stage and histological grade of OSCC. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation of the ratio of serum CRP and albumin with the clinical stage of OSCC, although not with the histological grade of OSCC.

Conclusion: The ratio of serum CRP and albumin can be employed as a serological marker for the prognosis of OSCC and may aid in the postoperative monitoring of the patients with OSCC.

Background and aim: In general, the natural killer (NK) cells are considered to represent the innate immune system and act as the vital effector of lymphocytes. Natural killer cells (NK) cells target and destroy tumour-causing cells. The purpose of this study is to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of CD57 in different histopathological grades of Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and methods: Thirty archival blocks were selected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem comprising 10 histologically proven cases of Well, Moderately and Poorly differentiated OSCC each.

Results: Statistical analysis of results were done. P value of Chi-square test for the overall staining expression in 30 OSCCs was 0.001 and highly significant. On comparing the positive and negative staining of well and poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the P value obtained by Chi-square analysis was 0.001 and was highly significant. When well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was compared with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and when moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was compared with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, the P value was insignificant.

Conclusion: Our results concluded that the CD57 biomarker gives the impression of being a good indicator of the immune status of the patient and the aggressiveness of the lesion. Results can be improvised in future studies with increased sample size and clinical correlation.

Background: Preterm birth is defined as childbirth before the 37^th week of gestational age, which is highly prevalent worldwide, with 5-18% of births. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic oral commensal, is found to be one of the most abundant ubiquitous species in the oral cavity, especially in the subgingival plaque and saliva. This pathogen is strongly associated with intrauterine environment colonization, specifically in amniotic fluid, in up to 70% of pregnant women. It causes adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth, preeclampsia, stillbirth, etc. The potential connection between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases has attracted much research attention in recent decades. However, there is a lacuna in identifying the oral carriage rate of Fusobacterium nucleatum among postnatal mothers by traditional culture methods.

Aims and objectives: To assess and compare the oral carriage rate of Fusobacterium nucleatum from the whole saliva of preterm delivered and full-term delivered mothers by anaerobic culture technique.

Methodology: This study involved a total of 70 participants, which included a study group (preterm delivered mothers) and a control group (full-term delivered mothers). Approximately 5ml of whole saliva samples were collected within one hour after delivery, in a sterile container spitting method. The samples were diluted and centrifuged at 1400 rpm, then inoculated into the crystal violet erythromycin agar. Anaerobic incubation will be done at 37˚C for 2 days. After 48 hours, the colony-forming units (CFU) were documented based on counting the variable growth of cream/white colored, smooth, and pasty colonies of Fusobacterium nucleatum. The surface spread method was used for counting the colony-forming units. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis by using the unpaired Student's t-test.

Results: Mothers who delivered preterm babies (birth weight 37

Conclusion: This observational study showed statistically significant increases in CFU of Fusobacterium nucleatum in preterm labored mothers than in normal term labored mothers. Therefore, oral screening and oral treatment need to be integrated during preconception care, and oral health maintenance should be a concern throughout the pregnancy to prevent further postnatal complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Forensic odontology helps in the identification of individuals in crime investigations. Age estimation is one of several indicators. Besides dentistry (canine), in forensic medicine, the maxillary sinus can be used where the whole body cannot be found. CBCT allows for 3D volumetric analysis, providing a better understanding. Stacks of scanned data can be analyzed, and 3D surface models can be produced using MIMICS software. As the identification of unknown individuals is difficult during mass disasters, an attempt was made to estimate the age by measuring the volume of the maxillary canines and the maxillary sinus.

Materials and methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and Materialise Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS 21.0 software). MIMICS software was used to do independent 3D segmentation for the maxillary sinus and maxillary canines using CBCT imaging data. Then the results were tabulated, and statistical analysis was performed using the obtained sample size data.

Results: Multiple linear regression analysis and Pearson or Spearman correlation tests were performed. With statistically significant results (P < 0.01), a relatively strong correlation between ratio parameters and chronological age was discovered, demonstrating the regressive nature of their morphological changes with age and a fair association with the ratio parameters.

Conclusion: The obtained valid regression formula in this study can serve as a reliable tool for age estimation in forensic dentistry by further validating the formula on a larger sample size.

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme involved in prostaglandin production, regulates the development of various neoplasms and is often used to assess tumour proliferation.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the expression of COX-2 in Radicular cysts (RCs), Dentigerous Cysts (DCs) and Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKCs) to determine their proliferative potentials.

Settings and design: Retrospective study.

Methods and materials: Forty-five paraffin-embedded tissue sections, including fifteen cases of each cyst, were stained with the COX-2 antibody. The study recorded the staining intensity and mean degree of immunoreactivity among the three groups. Cyst size was documented from case files and correlated with immunohistochemical scores to examine their relationship with cystic expansion, inflammatory response and COX-2 expression.

Statistical analysis used: Chi-square, ANOVA, post hoc Tukey and unpaired t-test evaluations were performed.

Results: RCs showed the highest immunoreactivity (4.67 ± 0.90), followed by OKCs (4.67 ± 1.35), and DCs (0.53 ± 1.13). The mean degree of immunoreactivity between RC and DC, and OKC and DC, showed significant differences. The intensity and severity of COX-2 staining increased with the cyst size and degree of inflammation. Immunoreactivity scores significantly varied with cyst size (P < 0.01) across all cyst groups.

Conclusions: COX-2 overexpression serves as an inflammatory mediator, encouraging cell proliferation and survival behaviour in RCs and OKCs, ensuring the critical role of COX-2 in the biological activity of cysts and tumours. A combination of COX-2 chemopreventive inhibitors and anti-inflammatory medications may be used to treat odontogenic cysts.

Background: Establishing the biological sex of individuals is a key component of forensic identification, especially in the analysis of degraded or partial remains. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables precise, non-invasive for evaluating craniofacial structures.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of maxillary and frontal sinus volumes, along with facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT), obtained from CBCT scans, for estimating sex in an Indian population using statistical and machine learning techniques.

Methodology: A dataset comprising 450 CBCT scans was evaluated. FSTT was recorded at 28 standardised craniofacial points following the Steyn and Cavanagh protocol. Volumetric assessment of the maxillary and frontal sinuses was measured. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) and two artificial neural network (ANN) models were used to classify sex based on the collected data.

Results: Both sinus volumes and FSTT showed statistically significant differences between males and females (P < 0.005). DFA achieved an overall accuracy of 80%, correctly identifying 73% of males and 87% of females. Cross-validation resulted in 75.6% accuracy. FSTT varied significantly between sexes at all landmarks. ANN Model 1 achieved 72% accuracy, while Model 2 exhibited potential accuracy up to 99%.

Conclusion: Morphometric data obtained from CBCT scans-such as sinus volumes and FSST-serve as reliable indicators for estimating sex. When combined with artificial intelligence models, these measurements provide an effective and practical approach to forensic identification within the Indian population.