Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus represents a significant health concern, projected to impact 449 million individuals worldwide by the year 2030. The factors linking obesity and insulin resistance (IR) have been an emerging topic of research, owing to the novel group of factors discovered, the "adipocytokines". One such inflammatory adipocytokine is Resistin, which has been crucial to the development of (IR), which subsequently leads to type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), due to its significant pro inflammatory properties. However, serological studies present conflicting evidence on resistin's link to obesity, IR, and T2DM and only one salivary study exists, with none in the Indian population. With saliva harboring many biomarkers, there lies a probability of resistin being labelled as one. It could facilitate earlyT2DM diagnosis and be monitored to prevent or delay complications. Thus, to unravel the enigmatic role of Resistin in T2DM, this study was undertaken.

Materials and methods: Participants in the study were categorized into 2 groups, Group-I (T2DM), consisting of 30 newly diagnosed T2DM and Group- II (HC) with 30 healthy non-Diabetic participants. Serum and salivary resistin levels were measured using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, and the inflammatory marker hs-CRP were assessed using Trinder's GOD/POD estimation, chromatographic and Turbidimetric Immuno assays respectively.

Results: Higher mean values of serum resistin & salivary resistin were observed in Group I (T2DM) (10.5730 + 11.11936) & (10.2643 + 13.77515) compared to Group II (HC) individuals (6.4787 + 6.44202) & (3.7577 + 4.62597) respectively. It was statistically significant with a p value of 0.38 & 0.32 respectively.

Conclusion: However, no correlation could be established between the diabetic markers FBS, HbA1C, hs-CRP and serum or salivary resistin. A negative correlation (-0.208) was observed between serum & salivary resistin.

Background: Palatal rugoscopy offers a potential solution for identifying victims with severely damaged remains. Unlike teeth, rugae remain stable, even in extreme conditions. This study focuses on edentulous individuals, a previously unexplored area, to assess the potential of digital rugae analysis for personal identification and gender determination.

Materials and methods: This study involved 138 edentulous patients seeking dentures. Maxillary casts were created from both intraoral impressions (Set A) which simulated ante mortem record and denture tissue surfaces (Set B) which simulated post mortem record. Set A was digitally scanned using Medit extraoral scanner, while Set B was photographed. Rugae patterns were classified based on shape and unification by digital analysis for gender determination. For personal identification, the simulated ante mortem and post mortem record patterns were digitally matched using adobe photoshop by overlapping the images to assess personal identification accuracy. Examiners determined the gender of individuals based solely on their rugae patterns and derived a formula.

Results: Palatal rugae analysis showed potential for gender determination and identification. Females had more curved rugae, while males had more wavy ones. Digital matching achieved high accuracy for gender prediction (96.03% sensitivity, 97.58% PPV). Rugae matching also showed promise for personal identification (95.97% sensitivity, 95.97% PPV).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that palatal rugae patterns, even in edentulous individuals, offer reliable indicators for both gender determination and personal identification. Digital analysis and matching techniques yielded high accuracy, highlighting their forensic applicability in scenarios with compromised remains.

Background: Alteration of taste leads to changes in dietary habits with systemic consequences. Tobacco and alcohol users are known to have altered taste sensations (TS). Here, we ascertain the pattern of altered TS in tobacco and alcohol users in our institution.

Materials and methods: Four groups: Group A (no habits, n = 25), Group B (smokers and alcohol users, n = 25), Group C (smokers, alcohol, and tobacco chewers, n = 25), and Group D (alcohol users with tobacco chewing, n = 25). Taste strips for sweet, salt, sour, and bitter at four concentrations were used to ascertain the taste threshold as and high (1) to low (4). Data collected were analysed by Chi-square test in SPSS v. 16.0.

Results: Between Groups A, B, C, and D, the threshold levels for sweet and salt were not altered while the threshold level for sour (P = 0.02) and bitter (P = 0.005) was significantly increased.

Conclusion: Our study shows that tobacco and alcohol adversely affect the sour and bitter threshold.

Context: Periodontitis, whether associated with diabetes or not, may have an impact on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which can adversely affect the regeneration of lost periodontal tissues and therefore treatment outcome. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics and differentiation potential of PDLSCs isolated from periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.

Aims: To understand the effect of diabetes mellitus (type II) on the periodontal ligament cells in patients with periodontitis.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional prospective study was carried out from the Yenepoya Research Centre and from the Department of Periodontology, Yenepoya Dental College for sample collection.

Methods and material: The study utilized cell culture media, antibodies, an MTT assay kit and a differentiation kit. PDLSCs were isolated from granulation tissues of diabetic and non-diabetic periodontitis patients. Immunophenotyping confirmed mesenchymal markers, and the cells were evaluated for viability, migration, proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages.

Statistical analysis used: Data analysed using SPSS version 22. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: PDLSCs isolated from all three sources exhibited similar phenotypic characteristics, including high expression of mesenchymal markers and showed comparable cell growth, viability, proliferation and migration (P < 0.05). All groups demonstrated chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, with no evidence of adipogenic potential, indicating that even inflamed tissue can yield functional PDLSCs.

Conclusion: PDLSCs can be successfully isolated from inflamed periodontal granulation tissue in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, exhibiting similar phenotypic characteristics to healthy PDLSCs while retaining comparable proliferative, migratory and differentiation potential.

Background: Odontogenic cysts are common jaw pathologies, causing delayed healing and requiring prosthetic replacement of the lost structures. Despite complete bone regeneration, recovery time is longer. Although numerous studies on managing these lesions using grafts have been found in the literature, ideal materials with potent regenerative properties have been least explored. Chitosan and concentrated growth factors individually have been studied for several years, but for the first time combined use of these grafts was evaluated in this novel study for their bone regenerative properties.

Aim: The study evaluated the ability of chitosan and concentrated growth factors (CGFs) to regenerate bone, grafted into enucleated cystic cavities.

Methodology: The study involved 10 participants, comprising of 3 males and 7 females, with an age range of 18-68 years and a mean of 43 years. Bone regenerative capacity upon implant placement was assessed using radiographic and histomorphometric analyses.

Results: Radiographic and histopathological analyses showed adequate bone filling, bone gain, denser bone, increased trabecular bone area formation, and more compact bone in the test group as compared to control group.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the use of chitosan and CGF in cystic lesions helps in bone regeneration, with Sacco's CGF being a simple and inexpensive method of preparation.

Clinical significance: Chitosan's high osteo-inductivity, osteo-integrability, ease of application, and progressive biodegradability make it a useful material. Combining chitosan and CGF can be considered a better option for large cystic cavities as a bone regenerative material.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyse the role of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 in oral cancer. This study was performed to evaluate the expression of GLUT-1 in normal oral epithelium, to evaluate the expression of GLUT-1 levels in the tissue samples of grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [well-differentiated (WD), moderately differentiated (MD), and poor differentiated (PD)], and to statistically compare the expression of GLUT-1 in normal epithelium and in the grades of OSCC.

Materials and methods: The study sample comprised formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 12 cases of histopathologically diagnosed WD OSCC and ten cases of MD and PD OSCC and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from ten cases of normal oral mucosa. Sections were mounted on glass slides coated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APES; Sigma chemical co., USA) and processed for subsequent immunohistochemical study to demonstrate GLUT-1.

Results: In our study, the GLUT-1 expression score of OSCC demonstrated strong positivity in 16 cases (50%), weak positivity in 11 cases (34.38%), and negativity in 5 cases (15.62%). There was significant correlation at a P value of 0.007 for expression of GLUT-1 in normal oral epithelium and OSCC.

Conclusion: Over-expression of GLUT-1 in peripheral cells of tumour islands and invasive front could reflect the active metabolism which may be taking place in these areas where cellular proliferation and invasion is at the highest. The notable expression of GLUT-1 in malignant cells reveals glucose transporters play a key role in tumour progression and metastasis.

Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with distinct pathological features and a high recurrence rate. Interest among OKCs became apparent by the clinical challenges associated with their treatment. Pathogenesis of OKCs is a multifactorial process, which is linked to several signalling pathways and expression of stem cell markers such as SOX2 and OCT4.

Materials and methods: Thirty cases of OKCs were categorised into three groups: primary (n = 10), recurrent (n = 10), and decompressed (n = 10). Tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained using anti-SOX2 and anti-OCT4 antibodies. Staining distribution, intensity, and localisation were evaluated qualitatively. Quantitative assessment was performed using Image Pro Plus software, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software and results were statistically analysed.

Results: SOX2 expression was observed in 80% of primary, 80% recurrent, and 90% of decompressed OKCs, with significant differences in staining intensity (P = 0.032). Most cases exhibited diffuse, nuclear, and cytoplasmic positivity across the full epithelial thickness, particularly in suprabasal layers. OCT4 expression was limited to 10% of primary and 20% of recurrent OKCs, with no positivity observed in decompressed cases. OCT4 did not show statistically significant differences. Remmele scores for both markers were not statistically significant across the groups.

Conclusion: High expression of SOX2 in OKCs supports its role as a marker of epithelial stemness and a potential biomarker for aggressive behaviour and recurrence. Limited expression of OCT4 suggests a minimal role in OKC pathobiology, possibly associated with early differentiation. Lack of OCT4 expression in decompressed lesions raises questions about the molecular efficacy of decompression therapy.

Background: Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder that affects multiple systems. While the skin and joint symptoms of this condition are well established, the existence of oral manifestations associated with psoriasis is still debated.

Aim: The aim of our study is to determine the presence of oral abnormalities in patients with severe psoriasis and their association with the clinical characteristics of the disease.

Materials and method: We conducted a study involving patients clinically diagnosed with severe psoriasis and a healthy control group. The focus of the study was the detection of abnormal oral mucosa during the initial visit. These included presence of fissured tongue, geographic tongue, periodontitis, angular cheilitis, fibroma, denture stomatitis. Secondary variables were age and gender.

Results: Patients with severe psoriasis showed a higher occurrence of oral mucosal lesions compared to the control group. Our study showed a higher prevalence of fissured tongue, geographic tongue and periodontitis in psoriasis group as compared to the control group. Other oral lesions like Angular cheilitis, fibroma, denture stomatitis had relatively low prevalence in psoriasis group vs control group.

Conclusion: Individuals with psoriasis exhibit a higher prevalence of oral abnormalities, particularly fissured tongue, geographic tongue, and periodontitis. Thus, we believe that oral examinations are essential for all psoriasis patients. Routine oral assessments should be conducted irrespective of the onset, type, or location of the psoriasis. In uncertain cases, a biopsy may assist in achieving a precise diagnosis. Early identification and intervention could enhance the quality of life for these patients.

Objectives: The majority of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The successful management of OSCC depends on early detection, timely intervention, and prevention of distant metastasis. Metastasis is an important aspect of OSCC-related deaths. Diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis is an essential requirement for clinical staging and treatment and is now widely accepted as an important factor in the prognosis of OSCCs. Roles of desmosomal cadherins desmoglein 1 (DSG1) and desmoglein 3 (DSG3) have been extensively studied and DSG3 is known to be a squamous-specific protein marker that is expressed specifically in the positive lymph nodes, and hence a potential marker for detecting occult lymph nodes, however, no conclusive evidence is established. The objective of this study was to assess DSG1 and DSG3 as potential biomarkers of lymph node metastasis.

Materials and methods: A total of 50 archival lymph node blocks, both positive and negative neck nodes of the patients treated for OSCC, were used for the assessment of DSG1 and 3 expressions by immunohistochemistry (IHC) following their histopathological examination. The assessment of IHC staining was conducted by two independent maxillofacial pathologists as per the grading criteria in all the lymph node sections.

Results: A total number of 88 nodes were assessed, of which 27 were positive on histopathological assessment. DSG1 and DSG3 positivity were noted and varied between 11.4-12.5% and between 20.5-22.7% of positive nodes, respectively, between the observers. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for interobserver reliability for positive identification of metastatic lymph nodes. Area under curve (AUC) values for DSG1 were 0.478 and 0.02 for DSG3, and not so statistically significant value for DSG1 was obtained (P > 0.05) compared to DSG3 (P = 0.000).

Conclusion: Current study results do not confirm the roles of DSG1 and 3 as potential markers for occult lymph node metastasis, and hence, the reliability of their roles may require further studies along with other markers of lymph node metastasis. Even though overexpression of DSG3 and partial expression of DSG1 in OSCC is seen, further studies may be required to confirm them either as a diagnostic or prognostic marker which can be useful for future management in cases of radical neck dissections.