Journal of Physical Education and Sport最新文献_第3页

Effects of 10 weeks of imagery and concentration training on visual focus and free-throw performance in basketball players. 10周意象与专注训练对篮球运动员视觉聚焦与罚球表现的影响。

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.04223

Saadet Sevil Uludağ Uyanıker, Ferudun Dorak, Nilgün Vurgun, Yasin Yüzbasioglu, Ercan Ateş

引用次数: 6

Well-being levels among students during the covid-19 pandemic 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间学生的健康水平

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.04213

M. Grajek, K. Sobczyk

Introduction. Over the past few months, the lives of people around the world have changed dramatically. Within a few days, they have been forced to adapt their daily behavior and habits to new conditions. The cause of this phenomenon is a state of the pandemic, introduced by the WHO in connection with the spread of the new pathogen causing COVID-19. The group particularly affected by the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic are the people involved in remote working, including students who, since the beginning of the pandemic, have been carrying out the entire educational process or using the support of distance learning methods and techniques. Objective. the study aims to assess the level of well-being and emotions accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic among students of three large Polish public universities. Material and methods. The survey was attended by 1054 students from three Polish public universities. The study was conducted using a questionnaire including mental health interview;WHO-5 scale-Good Feeling Index developed by the Psychiatric Research Unit of WHO;Beck's scale of depression;author's multiple-choice questions about the impact of the epidemic situation on the current life of the studied population. Statistical significance was determined using the chi-quadrat, U Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance level p=0.05 was assumed for each test. Results. The mild form of depression was distinguished: 17% of respondents in March, 28% in June/July, and October. A moderate form of depression was found: in 4% of respondents in March, 6% in June/July, and 8% in October. The risk of developing depressive symptoms is higher with each successive stage of the study, this phenomenon is particularly visible in the group of women in whom depressive symptoms are more frequent (p<0.05). Conclusion. The study group is characterized by a high risk of depression. One-third of the respondents were found to have a mild to moderate stage of the disease. It is worth noting that in the studied group no symptoms indicating a deep form of depression were observed. © JPES.

介绍。在过去的几个月里，世界各地人民的生活发生了巨大的变化。在几天内，他们被迫调整自己的日常行为和习惯，以适应新的环境。造成这一现象的原因是世界卫生组织在引起COVID-19的新病原体传播时引入的大流行状态。受COVID-19大流行限制影响特别大的群体是参与远程工作的人员，包括自大流行开始以来一直在执行整个教育过程或利用远程学习方法和技术支持的学生。目标。该研究旨在评估波兰三所大型公立大学学生在COVID-19大流行期间的幸福感和情绪水平。材料和方法。来自波兰三所公立大学的1054名学生参加了这项调查。本研究采用心理健康访谈、世卫组织精神病学研究单位制定的WHO-5量表-良好感觉指数、贝克抑郁量表、作者关于疫情对研究人群当前生活影响的多项选择题等问卷进行调查。采用卡方检验、U Mann-Whitney检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验确定统计学显著性。假设各检验的显著性水平p=0.05。结果。轻度抑郁症有明显区别:17%的受访者在3月份，28%的受访者在6月/ 7月和10月。研究发现，3月份有4%的受访者患有中度抑郁症，6月/ 7月为6%，10月为8%。在研究的每个后续阶段，出现抑郁症状的风险都更高，这一现象在抑郁症状更频繁的妇女组中尤为明显(p<0.05)。结论。该研究小组的特点是患抑郁症的风险很高。三分之一的受访者被发现患有轻度到中度的疾病。值得注意的是，在研究组中没有观察到表明深度抑郁症的症状。©jp。

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引用次数: 3

Paradoxical increase in frequency of physical activity behavior during SARS-CoV-2 restriction measures in a greek university community 希腊大学社区严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型限制措施期间体育活动行为频率的矛盾增加

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.04229

E. Sfyri, N. Tertipi, V. Kefala, F. Biskanaki, E. Andreou, E. Rallis

Problem statement The COVID-19 pandemic has affected physical activity (PA) all over the world. In Greece, all sports activities were closed, and restrictions in public places could lead to a decrease in PA. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate how these restriction measures affected the frequency of physical activity, related to gender, age, body weight, and physical condition, in members of a Greek university. Results An online survey, which concerned sports activity prior the onset of SARS-CoV-2 virus and during the restriction measures, was conducted during the 2nd lockdown in Greece (November – December 2020). A questionnaire was sent to members of a Greek university. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 26. Frequencies, descriptive analysis, and chi square were calculated. The difference between, before, and during the period were accessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. There was an increase of frequency in PA behavior during confinements compared with before the restrictions (p<0.001). Females were more likely to participate in individual PA and in online exercise programs (n=316). Most of the responders chose to be involved in more than one form of PA during the confinements. The younger age group (18–25 years old) and older age group (55 +) exercised on a daily basis. In total, 41.9% of participants mentioned they intend to integrate exercise into their daily life when the restrictions eliminate. Conclusions The results are encouraging for participation in different types of PA, including online fitness programs. Supporting measures to participate in PA, as a way of dealing with the negative effects of the pandemic, are valuable. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.

问题声明新冠肺炎大流行影响了世界各地的体育活动（PA）。在希腊，所有体育活动都被关闭，公共场所的限制可能会导致PA的减少。目的本研究的目的是评估这些限制措施如何影响希腊大学成员的体育活动频率，与性别、年龄、体重和身体状况有关。结果在希腊第二次封锁期间（2020年11月至12月）进行了一项在线调查，涉及严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型病毒爆发前和限制措施期间的体育活动。向希腊一所大学的成员发送了一份调查问卷。数据分析采用SPSS第26版软件进行。计算频率、描述性分析和卡方。通过Wilcoxon符号秩检验来获得这段时间之间、之前和期间的差异。与限制前相比，分娩期间PA行为的频率增加（p＜0.001）。女性更有可能参与个人PA和在线锻炼计划（n＝316）。大多数响应者选择在禁闭期间参与多种形式的PA。年龄较小的组（18-25岁）和年龄较大的组（55岁以上）每天锻炼。总的来说，41.9%的参与者表示，当限制取消后，他们打算将锻炼融入日常生活。结论研究结果鼓励人们参与不同类型的PA，包括在线健身计划。作为应对疫情负面影响的一种方式，支持参与巴勒斯坦权力机构的措施是有价值的。©2021，皮泰斯蒂大学出版社。保留所有权利。

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引用次数: 0

Electromyographical responses of the lumbar, dorsal and shoulder musculature during the bent-over row exercise: a comparison between standing and bench postures (a preliminary study) 屈身排运动中腰椎、背部和肩部肌肉的肌电反应:站立和卧姿的比较(初步研究)

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7752/JPES.2021.04236

Miguel García-Jaén, Gema Sanchis Soler, Aitor Carrión-Adán, J. Cortell-Tormo

This research was funded by Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte de la Generalitat Valenciana, and European Social Fund (European Union), grant project number ACIF/2016/048.

这项研究由瓦伦西亚自治区教育、研究、文化和体育委员会和欧洲社会基金（欧盟）资助，赠款项目号ACIF/2016/048。

引用次数: 1

Research on personality determinants of athletes’ mental exhaustion during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic 正在进行的COVID-19大流行期间运动员精神疲惫的性格决定因素研究

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.04224

I. S. Popovych, I. Halian, O. Halian, P. Nosov, S. Zinchenko, V. Panok

The research presents theoretical substantiation and correlation analysis of the factors causing emotional indifference in athletes with different levels of mastership, participating in individual and team sports (n = 180). The purpose is to carry out empirical research on athletes’ personality traits helping overcome mental exhaustion and prevent form emotional indifference. Research methods: correlation analysis, valid and reliable psycho-diagnostic instruments. The research was conducted during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and made it possible to find out a number of regularities. Results. The development of mental exhaustion in athletes is determined by a different level of manifestation of personality traits and their correlation in the structure of personality: anxiety, self-esteem, the level of aspirations, locus of control and motivation for achieving success and avoiding failures. The study shows that significant differences between the level of aspirations and self-esteem in the men (r = .38**), high anxiety in the men and women correlating with the integral index of mental exhaustion (r = .28**;r = 36**) mostly contribute to mental strain in many athletes. It finds out that the events of their personal lives become a factor of mental exhaustion provided that external locus of control prevails. This trait is pronounced in the athletes – Masters of team sports (r = .34**). The research determines that a low level of mental exhaustion in the athletes engaged in team sports is a consequence of the significance of social support (r =-.38**). High requirements for demonstrating success cause mental strain for the male athletes that increases probability of their mental exhaustion. Conclusions. The obtained results operationalize the process of solving the problems of professional training for athletes. Understanding the essence of mental exhaustion allows solving the problem of emotional indifference in athletes. Research on the role of emotional intelligence in the structure of athletes’ mental exhaustion is considereds to be very promising. © 2021, Editura Universitatii din Pitesti. All rights reserved.

本研究对不同熟练程度的运动员参加个人项目和团体项目(n = 180)的情绪冷漠影响因素进行理论实证和相关分析。目的是对运动员的人格特质进行实证研究，以帮助克服精神疲惫和防止情绪冷漠。研究方法:相关分析、有效可靠的心理诊断仪器。这项研究是在正在进行的COVID-19大流行期间进行的，并有可能发现一些规律。结果。运动员精神疲劳的发展是由不同层次的人格特质表现及其在人格结构中的相关性决定的:焦虑、自尊、抱负水平、控制点和获得成功和避免失败的动机。研究表明，男性运动员的抱负水平和自尊水平存在显著差异(r = 0.38 **)，而男性和女性运动员的高度焦虑与精神衰竭积分指数相关(r = 0.28 **;r = 36**)是造成运动员精神紧张的主要原因。它发现，如果外部控制点占上风，他们的个人生活事件就会成为精神疲惫的一个因素。这种特点在运动员身上表现得很明显——团队运动的大师(r = .34**)。研究发现，参与团体运动的运动员精神疲劳程度低是社会支持显著性的结果(r =- 0.38 **)。对展示成功的高要求导致男性运动员的精神紧张，增加了他们精神疲惫的可能性。结论。所得结果为解决运动员专业训练问题提供了操作过程。了解精神疲劳的本质，可以解决运动员情绪冷漠的问题。情绪智力在运动员精神衰竭结构中的作用研究被认为是非常有前途的。©2021,Editura Universitatii din Pitesti。版权所有。

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引用次数: 4

Effectiveness of online teaching in physical education during covid-19 school closures: A survey study of frontline physical education teachers in Hong Kong 新冠肺炎停课期间在线教学在体育教学中的有效性:香港一线体育教师的调查研究

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.04205

W. Chan, K. Leung, C. Học, W. Wuc, K. Lam, N. L. Wong, C. G. Chan, K. Leung, A. Y. Tse

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive school closures worldwide and many schools were forced to adopt online teaching mode. Purpose: This survey study aims to examine the effectiveness of online teaching in physical education (PE) and support needed from the teachers’ perspective. Methods: Responses from 294 frontline PE teachers were collected via an online survey between 4 and 29 January 2021. Results: Four major findings were highlighted in our study. First, most teachers reported that online PE lessons were not effective to improve motor skill acquisition and physical activity level, the major reasons for which were “lack of practical training”, “students’ lack of learning motivation/interest”, and “limited interpersonal interactions”. Second, most teachers encountered difficulties in online teaching, with major difficulties comprising “limited interpersonal interactions’ and “difficult to retain students’ learning motivation/interest”. Third, most teachers felt that online teaching was stressful due to the increased workload in preparation and safety concerns of the home-exercise programme. Fourth, many teachers suggested that schools or governments should provide online teaching kits, such as suggested online lesson plans or home activity recommendations, for their reference. Conclusions: In summary, the effectiveness of online teaching in PE during COVID-19 school closures was generally perceived to be low and difficult by the frontline PE teachers. Schools and governments should provide sufficient support, such as online teaching kits and concrete teaching guidelines, for PE teachers to develop creative and interactive online lessons, which will in turn benefit students in motor skill acquisition and physical activity level. © JPES.

新冠肺炎疫情导致全球范围内大量学校停课，许多学校被迫采用在线教学模式。目的:本调查研究旨在从教师的角度考察网络教学在体育教学中的有效性和所需要的支持。方法:通过2021年1月4日至29日的在线调查收集了294名一线体育教师的反馈。结果:我们的研究突出了四个主要发现。首先，大多数教师反映网络体育课程对提高运动技能习得和身体活动水平没有效果，主要原因是“缺乏实践训练”、“学生缺乏学习动机/兴趣”和“人际互动有限”。其次，大多数教师在网络教学中遇到了困难，主要困难是“人际互动有限”和“难以保持学生的学习动机/兴趣”。第三，大多数教师认为网上教学压力很大，因为准备工作的工作量增加，并且担心家庭作业计划的安全问题。第四，许多教师建议学校或政府提供在线教学工具包，如建议的在线课程计划或家庭活动推荐，供他们参考。结论:综上所述，一线体育教师普遍认为COVID-19学校关闭期间体育在线教学的有效性低且困难。学校和政府应提供足够的支持，如在线教学工具包和具体的教学指南，以帮助体育教师开发具有创造性和互动性的在线课程，从而有利于学生的运动技能习得和身体活动水平。©jp。

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引用次数: 4

Promoting sportsmanship awareness: An application of teaching a personal and social responsibility model in middle school physical education 提高体育精神意识：个人和社会责任模式在中学体育教学中的应用

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/JPESM2021.0360

R. Sanchez, T. Hanrahan, J. Concannon

This research study, aims to examine the influence that an intervention program based on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model and the multidimensional approach to sportsmanship has on middle school students. Researchers focused on the detection and examination of improvements on students’ sportsmanship awareness and contributions to their moral and character development. Participants were 90 middle school students aged between 11 and 13 years old, who received five structured lessons and a review session following the TPSR model. The sample was evenly split by gender (44 males, 44 females, 2 not declared). The Sportsmanship Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) was administered before and after the intervention. The teacher in charge of implementing the program was purposefully selected and trained. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in the students’ sportsmanship awareness scores for the entire sample and for each grade level. Results also indicate female participants scored notably higher than males on both questionnaires. The approach used for this study provides novel instrumentation to objectively assess sportsmanship constructs with consistent validity and reliability. The findings obtained from this study confirm the efficacy of intervention programs such as TPSR to achieve student moral and character development at the middle school level. The implications of this study and future directions for research in TPSR are discussed. Key words: Sportsmanship, physical education, teaching personal and social responsibility model (TPSR), school-based intervention programs.

本研究旨在探讨以个人与社会责任教学模式为基础的干预方案及多维体育精神培养方法对中学生体育精神的影响。研究人员专注于发现和检查学生体育精神意识的提高以及对他们道德和性格发展的贡献。参与者是90名年龄在11到13岁之间的中学生，他们按照TPSR模式接受了5节结构化课程和1节复习课。样本按性别平均分配(44名男性，44名女性，2名未公布)。干预前后分别进行体育精神意识问卷(SAQ)。负责项目实施的教师是有目的地选拔和培训的。结果显示，学生的体育精神意识得分在整个样本和每个年级都有统计学上的显著提高。结果还表明，女性参与者在两份问卷上的得分都明显高于男性。本研究提供了一种新颖的工具来客观评估具有一致效度和信度的体育精神构念。本研究的结果证实了TPSR等干预项目在中学阶段实现学生道德和品格发展的有效性。讨论了本研究的意义和未来的研究方向。关键词:体育精神;体育教育;个人与社会责任教学模式;

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of the practices and perceptions towards age estimation among the sports fraternity in Uganda 评估乌干达体育界对年龄估计的做法和看法

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/JPESM2021.0357

Annet Nankwanga, Kutesa Annet, Asiimwe Ismail, Nabagala Grace

Local sports administrators are faced with a challenge of upholding fairness and protecting the health of their players due to the difficulties they face to determine the right age categories of athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the practices of how age estimation is performed in the sports fraternity in Uganda. The study was qualitative and it involved 19 participants who were purposively selected based on their position in sport administration. Data was collected using key informant interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that age estimation in sports mainly relied on non-forensic methods such as documents, interviews and birth certificates. Forensic age estimation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found expensive to be widely used. The challenges associated with wrong age estimation ranged from conflicts, to stifled progression in talent development and potential injuries. The study recommends that a national database that registers people right from birth is put in place and that a standardized national method of age estimation using dental development patterns be relied upon to determine age of athletes especially in sports where age categorization is a requirement. Key words: Age estimation, sports, non-forensic, dental development patterns.

由于难以确定合适的运动员年龄类别，地方体育管理人员面临着维护公平和保护运动员健康的挑战。因此，本研究的目的是探讨如何年龄估计是在体育兄弟会在乌干达执行的做法。这项研究是定性的，它涉及19名参与者，他们是根据他们在体育管理领域的职位有目的地选择的。数据的收集采用关键信息者访谈，分析采用主题内容分析。研究结果显示，体育运动中的年龄估计主要依赖于非法医方法，如文件、访谈和出生证明。利用磁共振成像(MRI)技术进行法医年龄鉴定是一项昂贵且应用广泛的技术。与错误的年龄估计相关的挑战包括冲突、人才发展的阻碍和潜在的伤害。该研究建议建立一个从出生开始就登记的国家数据库，并采用一种标准化的国家年龄估计方法，利用牙齿发育模式来确定运动员的年龄，特别是在需要年龄分类的运动项目中。关键词:年龄估计，体育，非法医，牙齿发育模式。

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引用次数: 1

Operation of gyms and fitness clubs during the covid-19 pandemic – financial, legal, and organisational conditions 新冠肺炎大流行期间健身房和健身俱乐部的运营——财务、法律和组织条件

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.s2127

D. Piotrowski, A. Piotrowska

The restrictions on civil rights and freedom to conduct business introduced by the government in Poland from March 2020 were aimed at halting the development of the pandemic and preventing the collapse of the national health service. Particular restrictions were placed on the functioning of economic entities whose activities involved a high intensity of direct interpersonal contacts. Government financial support programmes addressed to entrepreneurs were supposed to help gyms and fitness clubs survive the months-long ban. The purpose of this paper is to outline the actions taken by gym and fitness club owners in relation to business restrictions imposed by the government during the coronavirus pandemic. The paper uses a critical analysis of the literature on the functioning of gyms and fitness clubs in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the opinion of entrepreneurs managing gyms and fitness clubs, state financial aid was not sufficient for the survival of their businesses, and the regulations and restrictions introduced were unconstitutional and not based on scientific research. Entrepreneurs, in an effort to avoid bankruptcy, have been restarting gyms and fitness clubs by creatively taking advantage of existing regulations. Their determination has been tremendous, as evidenced by the fact that every attempt to seal bans on the fitness industry has been met with an immediate response from businesses.The owners of gyms and fitness clubs saw a possibility to open their businesses based on exceptions formulated in the ordinance referring to physical activity within the framework of sports activities, sports competition (including amateur competition) and sports events (tournaments, matches). Another solution was to register the business under a changed the Polish Classification of Activities code. Instead of the previously used code 93.0 included in the ordinance, entrepreneurs started using code 85.51 which referred to extracurricular forms of sports activities. The examples of actions taken by entrepreneurs operating in the fitness industry as a response to scarce financial aid from the state during the COVID-19 pandemic provided in the paper contribute to its value and originality. © JPES.

波兰政府从2020年3月开始对公民权利和经营自由实施限制，旨在阻止疫情的发展，防止国家卫生服务崩溃。对经济实体的运作施加了特别的限制，这些实体的活动涉及高强度的直接人际接触。政府针对企业家的财政支持计划本应帮助健身房和健身俱乐部度过长达数月的禁令。本文的目的是概述健身房和健身俱乐部所有者在冠状病毒大流行期间针对政府实施的商业限制所采取的行动。本文对新冠肺炎大流行期间波兰健身房和健身俱乐部运作的文献进行了批判性分析。在管理健身房和健身俱乐部的企业家看来，国家财政援助不足以维持其企业的生存，出台的法规和限制是违宪的，也不是基于科学研究。为了避免破产，企业家们创造性地利用现有法规重新启动了健身房和健身俱乐部。他们的决心是巨大的，这一事实证明，每一次对健身行业实施禁令的尝试都得到了企业的立即回应。健身房和健身俱乐部的所有者认为，有可能根据条例中制定的例外情况来开业，这些例外情况涉及体育活动、体育比赛（包括业余比赛）和体育赛事（锦标赛、比赛）框架内的体育活动。另一个解决方案是根据修改后的波兰活动分类代码注册该企业。企业家们开始使用85.51号代码，而不是之前使用的条例中的93.0号代码，该代码涉及课外体育活动形式。论文中提供的在新冠肺炎大流行期间，在健身行业运营的企业家为应对国家稀缺的财政援助而采取的行动的例子有助于提高其价值和独创性。©JPES。

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引用次数: 6

Self-regulated learning strategies during self-controlled practice in physical education 体育自我控制练习中的自我调节学习策略

Q2 Health Professions

Journal of Physical Education and Sport

Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.7752/JPES.2021.02111

J. Duivenvoorden, J. Kamp, I. Hilvoorde, G. Savelsbergh

引用次数: 0