Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2023.2171904
Shipra Shah
ABSTRACT Agroforestry is recognised as a land management system balancing goals of environmental conservation with the socioeconomic needs of communities. In Fiji while traditional agroforestry is rapidly eroding due to modernisation and commercialisation of food systems, institutional agroforestry has failed to reintroduce trees in farming systems. This paper is a discussion on the challenges, opportunities, and policy interventions affecting agroforestry. Weak extension activities, lack of an institutional champion, organisational silos, lack of awareness and poor understanding of agroforestry, low focus on native trees, poor land and resource rights of women, and lack of economic incentives are among the major constraints to agroforestry adoption. An agroforestry policy should create enabling conditions for institutional support and coordination between diverse sectors, raising awareness and dissemination of success stories, harmonising traditional and modern agroforestry, mainstreaming gender in agroforestry decision making, strengthening agroforestry extension, generating short-term and long-term economic incentives, and agroforestry research and curricula development.
{"title":"Policy interventions for scaling up agroforestry in Fiji","authors":"Shipra Shah","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2023.2171904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2023.2171904","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agroforestry is recognised as a land management system balancing goals of environmental conservation with the socioeconomic needs of communities. In Fiji while traditional agroforestry is rapidly eroding due to modernisation and commercialisation of food systems, institutional agroforestry has failed to reintroduce trees in farming systems. This paper is a discussion on the challenges, opportunities, and policy interventions affecting agroforestry. Weak extension activities, lack of an institutional champion, organisational silos, lack of awareness and poor understanding of agroforestry, low focus on native trees, poor land and resource rights of women, and lack of economic incentives are among the major constraints to agroforestry adoption. An agroforestry policy should create enabling conditions for institutional support and coordination between diverse sectors, raising awareness and dissemination of success stories, harmonising traditional and modern agroforestry, mainstreaming gender in agroforestry decision making, strengthening agroforestry extension, generating short-term and long-term economic incentives, and agroforestry research and curricula development.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48942439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2161935
C. Eastwood, J. Knook, J. Turner, A. Renwick
ABSTRACT Innovation and technology are a feature of New Zealand’s dairy sector. To overcome current challenges, dairy farmers require agile and multi-dimensional innovation, supported by forward-looking and integrated policy from both the sector and government. In this paper, we outline some of the current dairy sector challenges, and potential technologies to address these challenges. We focus on the future for digital agriculture innovation and discuss policy approaches to enable the sector to leverage digitalisation. These approaches include co-innovation, responsible innovation, multi-scale approaches, micro-innovation and poly-innovation and mission-oriented innovation. Digital agriculture and policy may interact in two ways: (1) policy may be used to enhance digital agriculture innovation and, (2) digitalisation itself may act to enhance agricultural policy design and delivery. Overall, innovation policy requires greater directionality, use of policy bundles and a focus on technology as a mediator of new dairy farming practices and institutional configurations.
{"title":"Policy approaches for enhanced dairy sector innovation – a review of future pathways and policies for effective implementation of digital agriculture","authors":"C. Eastwood, J. Knook, J. Turner, A. Renwick","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2161935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2161935","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Innovation and technology are a feature of New Zealand’s dairy sector. To overcome current challenges, dairy farmers require agile and multi-dimensional innovation, supported by forward-looking and integrated policy from both the sector and government. In this paper, we outline some of the current dairy sector challenges, and potential technologies to address these challenges. We focus on the future for digital agriculture innovation and discuss policy approaches to enable the sector to leverage digitalisation. These approaches include co-innovation, responsible innovation, multi-scale approaches, micro-innovation and poly-innovation and mission-oriented innovation. Digital agriculture and policy may interact in two ways: (1) policy may be used to enhance digital agriculture innovation and, (2) digitalisation itself may act to enhance agricultural policy design and delivery. Overall, innovation policy requires greater directionality, use of policy bundles and a focus on technology as a mediator of new dairy farming practices and institutional configurations.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41565612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2158121
M. Stone
ABSTRACT Aotearoa New Zealand’s livestock industries are well served by regulatory systems for biosecurity and animal welfare. These systems have been developed over many decades within the context of high economic value, including export earnings, from industry outputs. System participants across policymakers, animal industries and advocacy groups are highly engaged. Under intense current scrutiny from the perspective of environmental sustainability, the sector also remains at risk from external and internal threats in the form of disease outbreaks and erosion of social license associated with husbandry practices in a society where the urban and rural divide continues to grow. This article explores the local and international context for these challenges, and re-affirms the importance of commitment to multilateral institutions, national good regulatory practices and inclusive governance.
{"title":"The importance of biosecurity and animal welfare to livestock industries in New Zealand","authors":"M. Stone","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2158121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2158121","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aotearoa New Zealand’s livestock industries are well served by regulatory systems for biosecurity and animal welfare. These systems have been developed over many decades within the context of high economic value, including export earnings, from industry outputs. System participants across policymakers, animal industries and advocacy groups are highly engaged. Under intense current scrutiny from the perspective of environmental sustainability, the sector also remains at risk from external and internal threats in the form of disease outbreaks and erosion of social license associated with husbandry practices in a society where the urban and rural divide continues to grow. This article explores the local and international context for these challenges, and re-affirms the importance of commitment to multilateral institutions, national good regulatory practices and inclusive governance.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48127233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2147861
Karaitiana Taiuru, K. Burch, S. Finlay-Smits
ABSTRACT This perspective piece considers how principles of Māori Data Sovereignty can bring us closer to realising some of the social and environmental promises of new AgTech and the agricultural big data they produce. Our analysis is situated within the settler colonial context of Aotearoa New Zealand. We consider how obligations detailed within treaties guaranteeing equal partnership and Māori self-determination provide the foundation for: (1) acknowledging how the promises of agricultural big data depend on the people, priorities, practices and power relations that guide and enact them; and (2) creating the space to question and challenge current trajectories to ensure agricultural big data are collected and used in ways that promote data sovereignty and an equitable distribution of benefits. We argue that, due to their treaty obligations, publicly-funded projects developing AgTech and agricultural big data analytics in and for Aotearoa must begin developing equity- and sovereignty-promoting data management and governance practices.
{"title":"Realising the promises of agricultural big data through a Māori Data Sovereignty approach","authors":"Karaitiana Taiuru, K. Burch, S. Finlay-Smits","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2147861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2147861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This perspective piece considers how principles of Māori Data Sovereignty can bring us closer to realising some of the social and environmental promises of new AgTech and the agricultural big data they produce. Our analysis is situated within the settler colonial context of Aotearoa New Zealand. We consider how obligations detailed within treaties guaranteeing equal partnership and Māori self-determination provide the foundation for: (1) acknowledging how the promises of agricultural big data depend on the people, priorities, practices and power relations that guide and enact them; and (2) creating the space to question and challenge current trajectories to ensure agricultural big data are collected and used in ways that promote data sovereignty and an equitable distribution of benefits. We argue that, due to their treaty obligations, publicly-funded projects developing AgTech and agricultural big data analytics in and for Aotearoa must begin developing equity- and sovereignty-promoting data management and governance practices.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42839507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2158489
L. Klerkx, J. Turner, Helen Percy
ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss how agrifood systems transformation is addressed by the Aotearoa New Zealand agrifood innovation system, and to what extent it can be mission-oriented in view of emerging Agriculture 4.0 technologies. There are several initiatives that work on different transition pathways towards agrifood systems transformation, and hence there seems to be an emerging NZ mission-oriented AIS. New networks of actors are formed, also consisting of non-traditional players (e.g. AgTech) and incorporating Māori visions of transformed agrifood systems. Nonetheless, initiatives are sometimes still concerned with optimisation, whereas engaging with phase-out or exnovation of unsustainable food systems would also be needed. Hence, it seems that challenges such as fragmentation, lock-in of current systems and legacy policies, and limited attention to exnovation, are still standing in the way of enacting a truly mission-oriented NZ AIS. Enhancing coordination amongst these initiatives and clarifying how they envision and enact agrifood system transformation missions seem key to move forward.
{"title":"Navigating the rapids of agrifood systems transformation: reflections on Aotearoa New Zealand’s emerging mission-oriented agrifood innovation system","authors":"L. Klerkx, J. Turner, Helen Percy","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2158489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2158489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss how agrifood systems transformation is addressed by the Aotearoa New Zealand agrifood innovation system, and to what extent it can be mission-oriented in view of emerging Agriculture 4.0 technologies. There are several initiatives that work on different transition pathways towards agrifood systems transformation, and hence there seems to be an emerging NZ mission-oriented AIS. New networks of actors are formed, also consisting of non-traditional players (e.g. AgTech) and incorporating Māori visions of transformed agrifood systems. Nonetheless, initiatives are sometimes still concerned with optimisation, whereas engaging with phase-out or exnovation of unsustainable food systems would also be needed. Hence, it seems that challenges such as fragmentation, lock-in of current systems and legacy policies, and limited attention to exnovation, are still standing in the way of enacting a truly mission-oriented NZ AIS. Enhancing coordination amongst these initiatives and clarifying how they envision and enact agrifood system transformation missions seem key to move forward.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41915424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-24DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2156383
Robert F. Maris, Zack Dorner
Operating profit margin (OPM) is a well-supported and easily interpretable parameter from the DuPont framework for understanding firm performance. It has not been widely applied in the dairy industry, despite its role in driving profitability, resilience and debt serviceability in low subsidy export-oriented farming systems. We analyse the drivers of OPM in depth for the first time on New Zealand dairy farms. We utilise a 10-year panel dataset developed by applying simulation methods to sample and population data, giving a representative picture of the industry. We group farms into quartiles of their long-run OPM performance and perform non-parametric Games-Howell testing to investigate differences between the groups. We then estimate individual and time fixed effects panel regression models for the entire sample and each quartile separately to examine the factors driving changes in OPM over time. We add to the limited literature on the factors driving changes in OPM over time.
{"title":"An analysis of operating profit margin: a valuable tool for New Zealand dairy farmers","authors":"Robert F. Maris, Zack Dorner","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2156383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2156383","url":null,"abstract":"Operating profit margin (OPM) is a well-supported and easily interpretable parameter from the DuPont framework for understanding firm performance. It has not been widely applied in the dairy industry, despite its role in driving profitability, resilience and debt serviceability in low subsidy export-oriented farming systems. We analyse the drivers of OPM in depth for the first time on New Zealand dairy farms. We utilise a 10-year panel dataset developed by applying simulation methods to sample and population data, giving a representative picture of the industry. We group farms into quartiles of their long-run OPM performance and perform non-parametric Games-Howell testing to investigate differences between the groups. We then estimate individual and time fixed effects panel regression models for the entire sample and each quartile separately to examine the factors driving changes in OPM over time. We add to the limited literature on the factors driving changes in OPM over time.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41562404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2156382
R. Buckle, J. Creedy
{"title":"The performance based research fund in New Zealand: taking stock and looking forward","authors":"R. Buckle, J. Creedy","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2156382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2156382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46342244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2154253
W. Kaye-Blake
ABSTRACT Community resilience can be quantified using available data to inform policy decisions. Identifying vulnerable or deprived communities in New Zealand is straightforward because social, cultural and economic indicators are correlated. However, that is just the first step. Resilience is also a matter of perspective, which means engaging with people in communities affected by policy decisions. When resilience is viewed as multi-dimensional, success in the formal and informal economies is linked to social resilience. However, social resilience cannot flourish in the absence of other resources.
{"title":"Resilience is a meaningful, measurable trait of communities","authors":"W. Kaye-Blake","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2154253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2154253","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community resilience can be quantified using available data to inform policy decisions. Identifying vulnerable or deprived communities in New Zealand is straightforward because social, cultural and economic indicators are correlated. However, that is just the first step. Resilience is also a matter of perspective, which means engaging with people in communities affected by policy decisions. When resilience is viewed as multi-dimensional, success in the formal and informal economies is linked to social resilience. However, social resilience cannot flourish in the absence of other resources.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44544259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2154252
Zack Dorner
ABSTRACT In this paper, I discuss the role that behavioural and experimental economics can play in improving agricultural policymaking. I do so by considering the development of an agri-emissions pricing policy in NZ. International literature shows that profit, as well as a range of other factors such as social norms and identity, drive farmer behaviour. This is particularly true for adoption of sustainable technologies and practices. A better understanding of farmer behaviour provides potential for: (1) an increased understanding of the uncertainty around policy modelling; (2) an increase in the accuracy of policy modelling, particularly when emission prices are low; (3) potential for new policy tools. Experimental economics provides a powerful methodology to build behavioural understanding and test policy tools. I argue that a behavioural economics perspective can contribute to agricultural policy, but add a note of caution that the gains to modelling accuracy and improved policy design are not guaranteed.
{"title":"How behavioural and experimental economics can contribute to agricultural policy with an application to agri-emissions pricing","authors":"Zack Dorner","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2154252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2154252","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, I discuss the role that behavioural and experimental economics can play in improving agricultural policymaking. I do so by considering the development of an agri-emissions pricing policy in NZ. International literature shows that profit, as well as a range of other factors such as social norms and identity, drive farmer behaviour. This is particularly true for adoption of sustainable technologies and practices. A better understanding of farmer behaviour provides potential for: (1) an increased understanding of the uncertainty around policy modelling; (2) an increase in the accuracy of policy modelling, particularly when emission prices are low; (3) potential for new policy tools. Experimental economics provides a powerful methodology to build behavioural understanding and test policy tools. I argue that a behavioural economics perspective can contribute to agricultural policy, but add a note of caution that the gains to modelling accuracy and improved policy design are not guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2022.2150277
V. Kahui
ABSTRACT New Zealand’s new freshwater legislation prioritises the health of a water body above the needs of humans, thereby effectively recognising the intrinsic value of water. The prioritisation is nothing short of a paradigm shift. In this essay, I discuss the dichotomy of intrinsic and instrumental values in environmental management, and a change in mind set from the unidirectional exploitation of the environment to one of mitigation and restoration by all water users. Waterways groups, by actions of environmental advocacy, could play an increasingly important role in advising councils in freshwater policy, i.e. the benefits of a formalised relationship between councils and waterways groups include Kaitiakitanga and Stewardship by communities and recognition that healthy environments need active restoration management. Requiring waters users to mitigate their impacts on the freshwater ecosystem incentivises investment in natural capital if flexibility is provided for water users to mitigate at least cost.
{"title":"Giving waterways groups a role in regional freshwater policy","authors":"V. Kahui","doi":"10.1080/00779954.2022.2150277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2022.2150277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT New Zealand’s new freshwater legislation prioritises the health of a water body above the needs of humans, thereby effectively recognising the intrinsic value of water. The prioritisation is nothing short of a paradigm shift. In this essay, I discuss the dichotomy of intrinsic and instrumental values in environmental management, and a change in mind set from the unidirectional exploitation of the environment to one of mitigation and restoration by all water users. Waterways groups, by actions of environmental advocacy, could play an increasingly important role in advising councils in freshwater policy, i.e. the benefits of a formalised relationship between councils and waterways groups include Kaitiakitanga and Stewardship by communities and recognition that healthy environments need active restoration management. Requiring waters users to mitigate their impacts on the freshwater ecosystem incentivises investment in natural capital if flexibility is provided for water users to mitigate at least cost.","PeriodicalId":38921,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Economic Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48071077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：