Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230403-2022-205
Shamiso Alice Moyo, Ntsieni Stella Mashau, Lufuno Makhado
Purpose: The purpose of this scoping literature review is to explore the breadth of the available literature, and identify knowledge gaps to inform future research through the use of Rodgers evolutionary concept analysis framework. The literature review also seeks to describe the key child indices developed and their characteristics so as to guide the development of a GMP index for improved child health in Zimbabwe. Methods: The keywords growth monitoring and promotion, community health workers, caregivers of children under five years, child health indices, and index development were used to search for relevant literature from Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and PUBMED databases in English. The initial electronic database search yielded 535 research articles, and 316 were further assessed for their relevance to the study. An additional 140 articles were excluded from the search as they did not contain adequate evidence as per the Rodgers Evolutionary Framework. After the full-text review, 80 articles out of 220 articles met the inclusion criteria. Those found to be suitable were 25 articles and were thus included in the final analysis. Results: Key Antecedents: distance and socio-cultural constraints, CHW activeness, participation of fathers in GMP activities, poor understanding and interpretation of growth charts, poor communication between caregivers and CHWs, full vaccination status and complacency; Attributes: education status of parents, knowledge, attitude, and practices of caregivers and Consequences: timely health interventions, improved child health outcomes, a platform to promote optimal child health practices of GMP activities were identified. Conclusion: More research needs to be explored to form indices that incorporate behaviour change metrics. This will lead to an increased evidence base to guide the health system, funders, and policy makers conclusively.
{"title":"Growth Monitoring and Promotion and Index Development for Improved Child Health: A Scoping Review Using Rodgers Concept Analysis Framework","authors":"Shamiso Alice Moyo, Ntsieni Stella Mashau, Lufuno Makhado","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230403-2022-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230403-2022-205","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this scoping literature review is to explore the breadth of the available literature, and identify knowledge gaps to inform future research through the use of Rodgers evolutionary concept analysis framework. The literature review also seeks to describe the key child indices developed and their characteristics so as to guide the development of a GMP index for improved child health in Zimbabwe. Methods: The keywords growth monitoring and promotion, community health workers, caregivers of children under five years, child health indices, and index development were used to search for relevant literature from Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and PUBMED databases in English. The initial electronic database search yielded 535 research articles, and 316 were further assessed for their relevance to the study. An additional 140 articles were excluded from the search as they did not contain adequate evidence as per the Rodgers Evolutionary Framework. After the full-text review, 80 articles out of 220 articles met the inclusion criteria. Those found to be suitable were 25 articles and were thus included in the final analysis. Results: Key Antecedents: distance and socio-cultural constraints, CHW activeness, participation of fathers in GMP activities, poor understanding and interpretation of growth charts, poor communication between caregivers and CHWs, full vaccination status and complacency; Attributes: education status of parents, knowledge, attitude, and practices of caregivers and Consequences: timely health interventions, improved child health outcomes, a platform to promote optimal child health practices of GMP activities were identified. Conclusion: More research needs to be explored to form indices that incorporate behaviour change metrics. This will lead to an increased evidence base to guide the health system, funders, and policy makers conclusively.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135382682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-230221-2022-16
Shmuel Klang, Shahar Merling, Sigal Rosenberg, Galit Borchuk, Meir Pugatch
Aim: This study aimed to examine the utilization of health resources during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel through the analysis of Meuhedet Health Services’ real-world database. Background: The history of COVID-19 in Israel comprises three waves: from February to May 2020, from May to November 2020, and from November 2020 to April 2021. Restrictions imposed on the Israeli population included travel limitations and even lockdowns. Meuhedet Health Services, the third largest health management organization in Israel, manages all its medical data through computerized electronic files and has collected various types of health services data from 2018 to 2020. This paper compared the consumption of Meuhedet Health Services over two consecutive years of the pandemic using a real-world database. Methods: Electronic medical records from primary care physicians, laboratory tests, hospitalization medical histories, treatments in hospitals and institutes, visits to and treatments by community physicians, and prescriptions and medical equipment consumption were collected from 2018 to 2020. This research used aggregated, non-personalized, and decoded data from a cohort of insured individuals, and the research was approved by all the relevant institutional Helsinki Committees. The data analysis compared the corresponding data in a chosen month of the year with the data in the same month of the previous year. The differences were then scaled by the data corresponding to the month of the previous year, and the result was multiplied by 100 and plotted. To analyze drug consumption, we used the fixed price of every drug in a year multiplied by the difference in consumption of the drug in question between the month of the current year and the same month of the previous year, multiplied by 100. Results: A significant decrease was noted in hospitalization days, general hospital outpatient clinic visits, general hospital emergency room visits, and total numbers of visits to community physicians during the first lockdown in the first wave of the pandemic in comparison to 2019. At the end of the lockdown, however, a compensatory increase was noted in all services. In terms of drug consumption, the data showed no differences in the effects of the different waves. Our findings revealed that the first wave of COVID-19 was a shock, with a significant reduction in the consumption of health services, but this decrease attenuated with the second wave due to immediate management interventions and safety rules implemented in hospitals and clinics. Conclusion: People shun medical services during a fast-spreading epidemic that causes significant mortality. Since new variants of COVID-19 could be part of our lives for the next few years, we should learn how to continue living with the pandemic and develop alternative medical services to maintain healthy states. Digitization, remote services, telemedicine, and home care, including home hospitalization, should be part
目的:本研究旨在通过分析Meuhedet卫生服务的真实世界数据库，调查以色列COVID-19大流行第一年卫生资源的利用情况。背景:2019冠状病毒病在以色列的历史包括三波:2020年2月至5月、2020年5月至11月和2020年11月至2021年4月。对以色列人口施加的限制包括旅行限制甚至封锁。Meuhedet Health Services是以色列第三大健康管理组织，通过计算机化电子文件管理其所有医疗数据，并收集了2018年至2020年各种类型的健康服务数据。本文使用真实世界的数据库比较了Meuhedet卫生服务连续两年的大流行消费情况。方法:收集2018 - 2020年基层医生的电子病历、实验室检查结果、住院病史、医院和研究所的治疗情况、社区医生的就诊情况、处方和医疗器械消费情况。本研究使用了来自参保个体队列的汇总、非个性化和解码数据，该研究得到了赫尔辛基所有相关机构委员会的批准。数据分析将一年中选定月份的相应数据与前一年同月的数据进行比较。然后用前一年对应月份的数据对差异进行缩放，将结果乘以100并绘制。为了分析药物消费，我们使用一年中每种药物的固定价格乘以所讨论的药物在当年当月与上一年同月之间的消费差异，再乘以100。结果:与2019年相比，在第一波大流行的第一次封锁期间，住院天数、综合医院门诊就诊次数、综合医院急诊室就诊次数和社区医生就诊总数均显著减少。然而，在封锁结束时，所有服务部门都出现了补偿性增长。在药物消耗方面，数据显示不同波的效果没有差异。我们的研究结果显示，第一波COVID-19疫情是一种冲击，医疗服务消费大幅减少，但由于医院和诊所采取了及时的管理干预措施和安全规则，第二波疫情的减少幅度有所减弱。结论:在快速传播的流行病造成大量死亡期间，人们回避医疗服务。由于新型COVID-19可能在未来几年成为我们生活的一部分，我们应该学习如何继续与大流行共存，并开发替代医疗服务以保持健康状态。数字化、远程服务、远程医疗和家庭护理，包括家庭住院，应成为应对大流行情况的卫生服务的一部分。
{"title":"Utilization of Health Resources During the Coronavirus Pandemic in Israel: Meuhedet Health Services’ Real Data Analysis and Future Conclusions","authors":"Shmuel Klang, Shahar Merling, Sigal Rosenberg, Galit Borchuk, Meir Pugatch","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-230221-2022-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-230221-2022-16","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to examine the utilization of health resources during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel through the analysis of Meuhedet Health Services’ real-world database. Background: The history of COVID-19 in Israel comprises three waves: from February to May 2020, from May to November 2020, and from November 2020 to April 2021. Restrictions imposed on the Israeli population included travel limitations and even lockdowns. Meuhedet Health Services, the third largest health management organization in Israel, manages all its medical data through computerized electronic files and has collected various types of health services data from 2018 to 2020. This paper compared the consumption of Meuhedet Health Services over two consecutive years of the pandemic using a real-world database. Methods: Electronic medical records from primary care physicians, laboratory tests, hospitalization medical histories, treatments in hospitals and institutes, visits to and treatments by community physicians, and prescriptions and medical equipment consumption were collected from 2018 to 2020. This research used aggregated, non-personalized, and decoded data from a cohort of insured individuals, and the research was approved by all the relevant institutional Helsinki Committees. The data analysis compared the corresponding data in a chosen month of the year with the data in the same month of the previous year. The differences were then scaled by the data corresponding to the month of the previous year, and the result was multiplied by 100 and plotted. To analyze drug consumption, we used the fixed price of every drug in a year multiplied by the difference in consumption of the drug in question between the month of the current year and the same month of the previous year, multiplied by 100. Results: A significant decrease was noted in hospitalization days, general hospital outpatient clinic visits, general hospital emergency room visits, and total numbers of visits to community physicians during the first lockdown in the first wave of the pandemic in comparison to 2019. At the end of the lockdown, however, a compensatory increase was noted in all services. In terms of drug consumption, the data showed no differences in the effects of the different waves. Our findings revealed that the first wave of COVID-19 was a shock, with a significant reduction in the consumption of health services, but this decrease attenuated with the second wave due to immediate management interventions and safety rules implemented in hospitals and clinics. Conclusion: People shun medical services during a fast-spreading epidemic that causes significant mortality. Since new variants of COVID-19 could be part of our lives for the next few years, we should learn how to continue living with the pandemic and develop alternative medical services to maintain healthy states. Digitization, remote services, telemedicine, and home care, including home hospitalization, should be part","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"51 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-183
J. M. Dikobe, M. Moagi, L. Sehularo
Nurses are the frontline healthcare workers and continue to play a vital role in caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Exploring and describing the experiences of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients are significant to determine what nurses are experiencing physically, psychologically, and socially, in order to help them in improving the quality of patient care. The study aimed to explore and describe the live experiences of the nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the North West Province. A qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological and contextual design was used to collect data. The study used a non-probability sampling approach and purposive sampling technique to select four focus group discussions (FGDs) in this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was done using descriptive phenomenological data analysis to develop themes and categories. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness of the study were considered throughout the study. The results indicated nurses’ conceptualisation of COVID-19, nurses’ physical experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nurses' psychological experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nurses' social experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nurses' positive experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, and nurses' experiences of coping when caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. The study showed nurses caring for COVID-19 patients to be physically, psychologically, and socially affected by the disease. Therefore, they needed support from the managers, colleagues, family members, and the community.
{"title":"The Live Experiences of Nurses Caring for Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 Infection in the North West Province","authors":"J. M. Dikobe, M. Moagi, L. Sehularo","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Nurses are the frontline healthcare workers and continue to play a vital role in caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Exploring and describing the experiences of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients are significant to determine what nurses are experiencing physically, psychologically, and socially, in order to help them in improving the quality of patient care.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to explore and describe the live experiences of the nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the North West Province.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological and contextual design was used to collect data. The study used a non-probability sampling approach and purposive sampling technique to select four focus group discussions (FGDs) in this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysis was done using descriptive phenomenological data analysis to develop themes and categories. Measures to ensure the trustworthiness of the study were considered throughout the study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicated nurses’ conceptualisation of COVID-19, nurses’ physical experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nurses' psychological experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nurses' social experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, nurses' positive experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, and nurses' experiences of coping when caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study showed nurses caring for COVID-19 patients to be physically, psychologically, and socially affected by the disease. Therefore, they needed support from the managers, colleagues, family members, and the community.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-230322-2022-116
Kaltun Ali, Alauddin Chowdhury Abm, C. Aimakhu
Women in Somalia suffer from one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. The good utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services significantly minimizes maternal and child mortality. The study aimed to identify the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women in Somalia. We performed a scoping review based on the York methodology. This methodology entails a thorough search of published academic articles, conference proceedings, and grey literature via PubMed, Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar, focusing on English-language material. Findings revealed that a significant number of Somali pregnant women utilize the ANC services, though not to the required number of visits as recommended by the WHO. Financial constraints, poor attitude of the healthcare providers, partner's attitude toward ANC services, lack of accessibility due to ANC services being far away, long waiting times, family matters, lack of awareness or media exposure, gravida, parity, and a good number of them believing that ANC is not necessary for their health were among the reasons given for an inadequate visit or non-utilization of the ANC services. The motivation to utilize ANC services, the initiation of visits within the early stages of pregnancy, and the completion of the required number of visits during pregnancy are crucial in preventing pregnancy-related issues and reducing maternal mortality. This must be encouraged among Somali women.
{"title":"The Utilization of Antenatal Care Services among the Pregnant Women in Somalia: A Scoping Review","authors":"Kaltun Ali, Alauddin Chowdhury Abm, C. Aimakhu","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-230322-2022-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-230322-2022-116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Women in Somalia suffer from one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world. The good utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services significantly minimizes maternal and child mortality. The study aimed to identify the utilization of antenatal care services among pregnant women in Somalia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We performed a scoping review based on the York methodology. This methodology entails a thorough search of published academic articles, conference proceedings, and grey literature via PubMed, Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar, focusing on English-language material.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings revealed that a significant number of Somali pregnant women utilize the ANC services, though not to the required number of visits as recommended by the WHO. Financial constraints, poor attitude of the healthcare providers, partner's attitude toward ANC services, lack of accessibility due to ANC services being far away, long waiting times, family matters, lack of awareness or media exposure, gravida, parity, and a good number of them believing that ANC is not necessary for their health were among the reasons given for an inadequate visit or non-utilization of the ANC services.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The motivation to utilize ANC services, the initiation of visits within the early stages of pregnancy, and the completion of the required number of visits during pregnancy are crucial in preventing pregnancy-related issues and reducing maternal mortality. This must be encouraged among Somali women.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42151794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a general population from Kermanshah province, Iran. Methods: The present study was a population-based cross-sectional design conducted in Kermanshah province in 2020. Sampling was performed in a multi-stage process, and 1967 participants were considered, and also 174 interviewers were assigned to collect data online. Then, 5 mL of blood sample was taken from every participant. The blood samples were centrifuged with the ELISA method to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in serum samples. Seropositive prevalence was adjusted by means of survey analysis. Case fatality rate (CFR) and infection fatality rate (IFR) were estimated. Results: A total of 1967 people from 14 cities of the province participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 35.7±16.9, and 50.4% were female. The lowest and highest seroprevalence was found in the cities of Paveh (2.3% [0.3- 4.2]) and Harsin (61.6% [54.7–68.5]), respectively. The CFR and IFR in men and women were 3.4 vs. 3.3 and 0.1 vs. 0.3. The aged 60 years or older had the highest CFR and IFR with 11.2 and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and IFR among the general population of Kermanshah province was 18.3 and 0.3%, respectively. The results of this study can assist the policymaker in assessing risk factors, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a population and implementing preventive and control interventions.
背景:本研究的目的是估计伊朗克尔曼沙阿省普通人群中SARS-CoV-2感染的血清阳性率。方法:本研究是一项基于人群的横断面设计，于2020年在克尔曼沙阿省进行。抽样分多阶段进行，1967名参与者被考虑，174名采访者被分配在线收集数据。然后，从每个参与者身上抽取5毫升血液样本。采用ELISA法离心检测血清中sars - cov -2特异性IgG和IgM抗体。通过调查分析调整血清阳性患病率。估计病死率(CFR)和感染病死率(IFR)。结果:全省14个城市共1967人参与研究。参与者平均年龄为35.7±16.9岁，女性占50.4%。血清阳性率最低和最高的分别是帕韦市(2.3%[0.3- 4.2])和哈尔辛市(61.6%[54.7-68.5])。男性和女性的CFR和IFR分别为3.4 vs 3.3和0.1 vs 0.3。60岁以上患者的CFR和IFR最高，分别为11.2%和3.7%。结论:克尔曼沙赫省普通人群中SARS-CoV-2感染率和IFR分别为18.3%和0.3%。本研究结果有助于决策者评估SARS-CoV-2在人群中的传播动态和危险因素，并实施预防和控制措施。
{"title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 Virus Infection In Kermanshah, Iran: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Farid Najafi, Kamyar Mansori, Mahmoud Reza Moradi, Mansor Rezaei, Nayebali Rezvani, Mitra Darbandi, Moein Yoosefi, Zahra Laghei, Arezoo Bozorgomid, Pegah Salahshoor, Ebrahim Shakiba","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-230303-2022-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-230303-2022-92","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a general population from Kermanshah province, Iran. Methods: The present study was a population-based cross-sectional design conducted in Kermanshah province in 2020. Sampling was performed in a multi-stage process, and 1967 participants were considered, and also 174 interviewers were assigned to collect data online. Then, 5 mL of blood sample was taken from every participant. The blood samples were centrifuged with the ELISA method to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in serum samples. Seropositive prevalence was adjusted by means of survey analysis. Case fatality rate (CFR) and infection fatality rate (IFR) were estimated. Results: A total of 1967 people from 14 cities of the province participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 35.7±16.9, and 50.4% were female. The lowest and highest seroprevalence was found in the cities of Paveh (2.3% [0.3- 4.2]) and Harsin (61.6% [54.7–68.5]), respectively. The CFR and IFR in men and women were 3.4 vs. 3.3 and 0.1 vs. 0.3. The aged 60 years or older had the highest CFR and IFR with 11.2 and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and IFR among the general population of Kermanshah province was 18.3 and 0.3%, respectively. The results of this study can assist the policymaker in assessing risk factors, and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a population and implementing preventive and control interventions.","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-143
Maphiri Am, T. Bongongo
An upsurge in demand for intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has led to this study, which focuses on the profile of women seeking IUCDs at a community health centre in Pretoria, South Africa. The study aimed to determine the profile of women seeking IUCDs at a Pretoria community health centre. The setting was Temba Community Health Centre in region 2 of Tshwane health district, South Africa. A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using a piloted questionnaire. Among the 129 participants, the mean age was 35 years (minimum 17 years, maximum 46 years). High participation was noted in the age group of 30–39 years (57.4%), single women (42.6%), those unemployed (54.3%), those with a secondary education (69%), and those with two children (62.8%). The decision to use an IUCD was based on its invisibility, lack of daily or sexual activity-related reminders, and lengthy device lifespan (100%). Before using an IUCD, many participants (32.6%) used condoms, and they were well versed in the IUCD. The primary source of knowledge on the IUCD was healthcare professionals. Women seeking IUCDs at a Pretoria CHC were mainly in the age range of 30–39 years, single, unemployed, with two children, using condom, and knowledgeable about the IUCD. The decision to choose an IUCD was backed by three key factors: it is invisible, there is no need for a daily or sexual activity-related reminder, and it lasts a long time without requiring a visit to the doctor. Healthcare professionals were the primary source of knowledge about IUCDs, and the knowledge regarding the device was scored as good among users at Temba CHC.
{"title":"Profile of Women Seeking an Intra-uterine Contraceptive Device at a Community Health Centre in Pretoria, South Africa","authors":"Maphiri Am, T. Bongongo","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-143","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 An upsurge in demand for intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has led to this study, which focuses on the profile of women seeking IUCDs at a community health centre in Pretoria, South Africa.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to determine the profile of women seeking IUCDs at a Pretoria community health centre.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The setting was Temba Community Health Centre in region 2 of Tshwane health district, South Africa.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using a piloted questionnaire.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among the 129 participants, the mean age was 35 years (minimum 17 years, maximum 46 years). High participation was noted in the age group of 30–39 years (57.4%), single women (42.6%), those unemployed (54.3%), those with a secondary education (69%), and those with two children (62.8%). The decision to use an IUCD was based on its invisibility, lack of daily or sexual activity-related reminders, and lengthy device lifespan (100%). Before using an IUCD, many participants (32.6%) used condoms, and they were well versed in the IUCD. The primary source of knowledge on the IUCD was healthcare professionals.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Women seeking IUCDs at a Pretoria CHC were mainly in the age range of 30–39 years, single, unemployed, with two children, using condom, and knowledgeable about the IUCD. The decision to choose an IUCD was backed by three key factors: it is invisible, there is no need for a daily or sexual activity-related reminder, and it lasts a long time without requiring a visit to the doctor. Healthcare professionals were the primary source of knowledge about IUCDs, and the knowledge regarding the device was scored as good among users at Temba CHC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47350130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-212
Sultana Mehnaz Rahman Chowdhury, Mengping Zhou, Kuang-Heng Li, Nan Hu
One important aspect of primary care is the association between continuity with primary care providers (PCPs) and chronic conditions among patients. However, there is a lack of literature to specifically address these issues in countries with large populations, such as China. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of chronic conditions on the continuity of primary care among patients from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Guangdong province, China. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of chronic conditions on continuity. Effect modification by residency status (migrants vs. locals) on the relationship between the number of chronic conditions and continuity was also assessed. The intermediate effect of the existing contract between patients and PCPs was also evaluated for examining the relationship between chronic conditions and continuity of primary care. Participants with chronic conditions had 2.32 (95% CI: 1.78 - 3.04) times the odds to continue with their PCPs for one year or more. Compared to those without any chronic condition, individuals with one chronic condition had 2.03 (95% CI: 1.49 - 2.75) times, and more than one chronic condition had 3.00 (95% CI: 2.01 - 4.49) times the odds to continue with their PCPs. The residency status of the participants did not modify the effect of the number of chronic conditions on the continuity of primary care. The contract between patients and their PCPs was found to be an intermediate factor for the relationship between chronic conditions and continuity. To strengthen the connection between patients with chronic conditions, PCPs may reinforce the relationship between providers and patients, thus ultimately benefitting the patients. The results of this study can serve as a reference for policymakers.
{"title":"Association between Continuity of Primary Care and Chronic Conditions among Patients in Guangdong Province, China","authors":"Sultana Mehnaz Rahman Chowdhury, Mengping Zhou, Kuang-Heng Li, Nan Hu","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 One important aspect of primary care is the association between continuity with primary care providers (PCPs) and chronic conditions among patients. However, there is a lack of literature to specifically address these issues in countries with large populations, such as China.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The goal of this study is to examine the effect of chronic conditions on the continuity of primary care among patients from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Guangdong province, China.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of chronic conditions on continuity. Effect modification by residency status (migrants vs. locals) on the relationship between the number of chronic conditions and continuity was also assessed. The intermediate effect of the existing contract between patients and PCPs was also evaluated for examining the relationship between chronic conditions and continuity of primary care.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants with chronic conditions had 2.32 (95% CI: 1.78 - 3.04) times the odds to continue with their PCPs for one year or more. Compared to those without any chronic condition, individuals with one chronic condition had 2.03 (95% CI: 1.49 - 2.75) times, and more than one chronic condition had 3.00 (95% CI: 2.01 - 4.49) times the odds to continue with their PCPs. The residency status of the participants did not modify the effect of the number of chronic conditions on the continuity of primary care. The contract between patients and their PCPs was found to be an intermediate factor for the relationship between chronic conditions and continuity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To strengthen the connection between patients with chronic conditions, PCPs may reinforce the relationship between providers and patients, thus ultimately benefitting the patients. The results of this study can serve as a reference for policymakers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-61
Safa Al-Halbouni, Shadi Homsi, Nabil koshji
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common health disorders, which has become increasingly common in recent years. Type 2 diabetes affects about 90-95% of all diabetic patients, and is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance in most patients. The medical treatment aims to reduce insulin resistance and increase the production of insulin by pancreatic β-cells. Obestatin is a new hormone encoded by the Preghrelin gene. Obestatin is an anorexic hormone that reduces food intake. It has also been shown to play an important role in regulating glucose and lipid levels in the blood. Our study aims to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of obestatin in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes in reducing blood glucose and improving insulin levels, and its effect on insulin resistance, TG, TC and pancreatic β-cell survival. A total of 30 male Wister rats (150 -200g) were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control group), group II (T2DM group) induced by administration fructose solution 10% for 14 days, and single injection IP of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/Kg), group III (T2DM treated with obestatin) (25 μg/kg) IP twice daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment by terminal intracardiac sampling for bioassays to estimate fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and assessment of HOMA-IR. Body weight was also measured. Mean ± STD was calculated. The statistical significance of differences across the groups was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by a post Hoc Turkey’s test. The differences were considered significant at 0.05˃P. After 30 days of obestatin treatment, the diabetic group showed a significant increase in glucose, TG, TC and HOMA-IR values and a significant decrease in insulin levels compared to the control group. In comparison, the obestatin-treated group of diabetic patients showed a significant decrease in glucose, TG and TC levels, with a slight increase in the insulin level compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the histological study (H&E) of isolated pancreatic tissue from the second group showed deformed, shrunken Langerhans islets with significant loss of their β- cells, and some cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Moreover, the histological features of the treatment group were somewhat similar to those of the control group. The results of our study showed the efficacy of obestatin as a treatment in reducing the levels of all glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol in the blood to normal limits in induced experimental rats with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the improvement of insulin levels in the blood, and the results of the histological study showed an improvement in the size of the islet and an increase in the number of β-cells. Thus, obestatin can be used as a promising target in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.
{"title":"Evaluation the Effect Of Chronic Obestatin Therapy on the Serum Glucose, Insulin And Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Rats","authors":"Safa Al-Halbouni, Shadi Homsi, Nabil koshji","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-61","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common health disorders, which has become increasingly common in recent years. Type 2 diabetes affects about 90-95% of all diabetic patients, and is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance in most patients. The medical treatment aims to reduce insulin resistance and increase the production of insulin by pancreatic β-cells.\u0000 Obestatin is a new hormone encoded by the Preghrelin gene. Obestatin is an anorexic hormone that reduces food intake. It has also been shown to play an important role in regulating glucose and lipid levels in the blood.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study aims to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of obestatin in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes in reducing blood glucose and improving insulin levels, and its effect on insulin resistance, TG, TC and pancreatic β-cell survival.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 30 male Wister rats (150 -200g) were randomly divided into three groups: group I (control group), group II (T2DM group) induced by administration fructose solution 10% for 14 days, and single injection IP of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/Kg), group III (T2DM treated with obestatin) (25 μg/kg) IP twice daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment by terminal intracardiac sampling for bioassays to estimate fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and assessment of HOMA-IR. Body weight was also measured. Mean ± STD was calculated. The statistical significance of differences across the groups was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by a post Hoc Turkey’s test. The differences were considered significant at 0.05˃P.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 After 30 days of obestatin treatment, the diabetic group showed a significant increase in glucose, TG, TC and HOMA-IR values and a significant decrease in insulin levels compared to the control group. In comparison, the obestatin-treated group of diabetic patients showed a significant decrease in glucose, TG and TC levels, with a slight increase in the insulin level compared to the diabetic group. In addition, the histological study (H&E) of isolated pancreatic tissue from the second group showed deformed, shrunken Langerhans islets with significant loss of their β- cells, and some cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Moreover, the histological features of the treatment group were somewhat similar to those of the control group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results of our study showed the efficacy of obestatin as a treatment in reducing the levels of all glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol in the blood to normal limits in induced experimental rats with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the improvement of insulin levels in the blood, and the results of the histological study showed an improvement in the size of the islet and an increase in the number of β-cells. Thus, obestatin can be used as a promising target in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48354822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-130
Aiswarya Maria Mathew, K. Ganapathy, P. Bhargavi
The current pandemic has shifted the teaching-learning modality to online. Hence, the current use of headphones or earphones is not limited to listening to music or movies and engaging in learning. The study aimed to investigate students' behaviours in terms of their attitudes and awareness of listening health problems The questionnaire was administered using Google Forms. The data on hearing health, attitude and noise reduction behaviours were captured from 500 college-going students aged 18-24 using a questionnaire developed by Gilliver, Beach and Williams [1]. Regarding hearing health indicators, 21.2% rated their hearing as “almost perfect”, and 34.8% rated it as “very good”. In terms of knowledge and attitude regarding noise exposure - 75.6% of the participants “understand the importance of good hearing”, and most of them (41.6%) agree that “noise exposure can cause hearing loss and damage is permanent”. Regarding noise reduction behaviour - 70% “undertook steps to prevent noise exposure”, and 53.3% reported making it to the point of “avoiding and limiting noise exposure”. With the increased involvement of students in online activity during the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased need to conduct an awareness program regarding hearing health. These preventive measures would help for better hearing and listening and avoid the risk of hearing loss due to prolonged use of headphones/earphones.
{"title":"College Student's Perception Towards Listening Health During COVID 19 An Online Survey","authors":"Aiswarya Maria Mathew, K. Ganapathy, P. Bhargavi","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-130","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The current pandemic has shifted the teaching-learning modality to online. Hence, the current use of headphones or earphones is not limited to listening to music or movies and engaging in learning.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aimed to investigate students' behaviours in terms of their attitudes and awareness of listening health problems\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The questionnaire was administered using Google Forms. The data on hearing health, attitude and noise reduction behaviours were captured from 500 college-going students aged 18-24 using a questionnaire developed by Gilliver, Beach and Williams [1].\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Regarding hearing health indicators, 21.2% rated their hearing as “almost perfect”, and 34.8% rated it as “very good”. In terms of knowledge and attitude regarding noise exposure - 75.6% of the participants “understand the importance of good hearing”, and most of them (41.6%) agree that “noise exposure can cause hearing loss and damage is permanent”. Regarding noise reduction behaviour - 70% “undertook steps to prevent noise exposure”, and 53.3% reported making it to the point of “avoiding and limiting noise exposure”.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 With the increased involvement of students in online activity during the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increased need to conduct an awareness program regarding hearing health. These preventive measures would help for better hearing and listening and avoid the risk of hearing loss due to prolonged use of headphones/earphones.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-193
Suarnianti Suarnianti, Yusran Haskas
Most of the nurses’ duties require direct contact with patients. Nurses with a high vulnerability to COVID-19 should have the self-awareness to reduce and avoid the risk of infection transmission. It is significant to know the factors that influence the practice of infection prevention and control in nurses while treating COVID-19 patients. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the practice of infection prevention and control in nurses. This study was a descriptive survey conducted in 4 hospitals in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a sample of 360 nurses in January-June 2021. The data were analyzed using the canonical multivariate test. This study finds a strong correlation between the self-labeling of nurses as at-risk individuals [.703] and taking actions [.707]. In addition, there is a strong correlation between self-justification [.925] and obtaining remedies [.995], and there is a strong correlation between commitment [.791] and information seeking [.884] [ρ= < .05]. Strengthening the commitment and self-labeling of nurses as individuals at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 is very important for infection prevention and control practices.
{"title":"Determinant Infection Prevention and Control Practices among Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Suarnianti Suarnianti, Yusran Haskas","doi":"10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445-v16-e230320-2022-193","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Most of the nurses’ duties require direct contact with patients. Nurses with a high vulnerability to COVID-19 should have the self-awareness to reduce and avoid the risk of infection transmission. It is significant to know the factors that influence the practice of infection prevention and control in nurses while treating COVID-19 patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aims to determine the factors that influence the practice of infection prevention and control in nurses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was a descriptive survey conducted in 4 hospitals in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a sample of 360 nurses in January-June 2021. The data were analyzed using the canonical multivariate test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study finds a strong correlation between the self-labeling of nurses as at-risk individuals [.703] and taking actions [.707]. In addition, there is a strong correlation between self-justification [.925] and obtaining remedies [.995], and there is a strong correlation between commitment [.791] and information seeking [.884] [ρ= < .05].\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Strengthening the commitment and self-labeling of nurses as individuals at risk of being exposed to COVID-19 is very important for infection prevention and control practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38960,"journal":{"name":"Open Public Health Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48067941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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