Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2135952
José Javier, Valiente Dobón
On 9 June 2022, an international workshop at the Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) in Padua of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics was held on occasion of the 10(+2) years of scientific activity of the European project Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA), the most sophisticated instrument in the field of gamma-ray spectroscopy in Europe (Figure 1). AGATA is based on segmented hyper-pure germanium crystals, and it is conceived as a modular detector array, which, once completed, will comprise 180 detectors. This instrument allows, by analysis of the electric signal shapes from the germanium crystals, tracking of the gammaray interactions inside the crystal with a spatial resolution of a few mm. AGATA makes possible to explore, with unparalleled efficiency and sensitivity, the structure of exotic nuclei produced in the laboratory through collisions between heavy ions. Gamma-ray spectroscopy provides some of the most important tools to investigate the atomic nucleus governed by the strong force. Over more than five decades of developments in inbeam spectroscopy, important scientific and technical advances have been made. Indeed, the knowledge of the structure of atomic nucleus has gone pari passu with the technical development of gamma-ray spectrometers that the nuclear community has built up. However, the advent of exotic-ion beam facilities, with weak unstable beam intensities, as well as the need to study reaction channels with low cross-sections, spurred the community to develop gamma-ray arrays with greater detection efficiency and sensitivity, and with much improved Doppler-correction capability. This can be achieved through the new technique of gamma-ray tracking. In Europe, the jewel of this technology is AGATA, which is a collaboration of 13 countries and over 40 research institutes. AGATA’s scientific adventure began in 2010 at the LNL, where it was coupled to the
{"title":"AGATA Celebrates 10(+2) Years Exploring the Atomic Nucleus","authors":"José Javier, Valiente Dobón","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2135952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2135952","url":null,"abstract":"On 9 June 2022, an international workshop at the Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) in Padua of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics was held on occasion of the 10(+2) years of scientific activity of the European project Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA), the most sophisticated instrument in the field of gamma-ray spectroscopy in Europe (Figure 1). AGATA is based on segmented hyper-pure germanium crystals, and it is conceived as a modular detector array, which, once completed, will comprise 180 detectors. This instrument allows, by analysis of the electric signal shapes from the germanium crystals, tracking of the gammaray interactions inside the crystal with a spatial resolution of a few mm. AGATA makes possible to explore, with unparalleled efficiency and sensitivity, the structure of exotic nuclei produced in the laboratory through collisions between heavy ions. Gamma-ray spectroscopy provides some of the most important tools to investigate the atomic nucleus governed by the strong force. Over more than five decades of developments in inbeam spectroscopy, important scientific and technical advances have been made. Indeed, the knowledge of the structure of atomic nucleus has gone pari passu with the technical development of gamma-ray spectrometers that the nuclear community has built up. However, the advent of exotic-ion beam facilities, with weak unstable beam intensities, as well as the need to study reaction channels with low cross-sections, spurred the community to develop gamma-ray arrays with greater detection efficiency and sensitivity, and with much improved Doppler-correction capability. This can be achieved through the new technique of gamma-ray tracking. In Europe, the jewel of this technology is AGATA, which is a collaboration of 13 countries and over 40 research institutes. AGATA’s scientific adventure began in 2010 at the LNL, where it was coupled to the","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"35 1","pages":"34 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2133498
A. Aprahamian
Armenia was the “Silicon Valley” of the Soviet Union, producing computers for all the other republics of the USSR and home to thriving advanced institutes in many of the sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology, astrophysics, and computational science, among many others. Armenia (Yerevan Physics Institute [Yerphi]) had the largest electron accelerator in the USSR starting operations in 1967, a machine that was competitive with electron accelerators at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Germany, Daresbury in the United Kingdom, and eventually with the higher-energy electron machines at Universities of Cornell and Stanford in the United States. A map of Armenia is shown in Figure 1. In 1991, Artsakh and the Nagorno-Karapagh region (marked as Azerbaijan in this map) held a referendum of its majority Armenian population and declared its independence from the Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR)–created region of Azerbaijan. Shortly afterward, the population of Armenia also declared its independence and established the autonomous republic of Armenia. The disputed region of Artsakh and Nagorno-Karapagh was the issue and the focus of the attacks of Azerbaijan aided by Turkey and over 20 foreign mercenary groups in the 44-day war of 2020. The separation of Armenia from the Soviet Socialist Republics led to a scientific and economic isolation (at least temporarily) with canceled orders for computers, no access to scientific literature, no funding for scientific instrumentation, and the near collapse of many advanced institutes, including those of the National Science Academies. There was a huge exodus of scientists that could no longer be employed/paid/supported to carry out research in Armenia. The Yerphi, the largest science institute in Armenia, employed up to 4,000 scientists, engineers, and support staff. That number is now reduced to just under 400. Even today, Armenia has the largest number of physicists per capita of any nation in the world—significantly larger than the Russian Federation, China, and the United States. In 2009, an international group of experts (InComEx from the Russian Federation, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, and the United States were invited by the government of Armenia to review/assess/advise Armenia regarding the future of Yerphi under the chairmanship of Prof. Dr. Yuri Oganessian who was then the scientific leader at the Flerov Laboratory in Dubna (Russian Federation). The advice of the international committee of experts resulted in the present-day reality of the conversion of YPIO into the A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory of Armenia (AANL). Yerphi was founded in 1943, and it is now named for its founders, Artyom Alikanyan and his brother Abraham Alikhanov. Alikhanov soon afterward went on to Moscow and with Igor Kurchatov founded the prestigious Kurchatov Institute for Nuclear Energy. The vision of the AANL laboratory is to remain a
{"title":"Armenia: A Regional Science and Technology Center in the Caucasus?","authors":"A. Aprahamian","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2133498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2133498","url":null,"abstract":"Armenia was the “Silicon Valley” of the Soviet Union, producing computers for all the other republics of the USSR and home to thriving advanced institutes in many of the sciences, including physics, chemistry, biology, astrophysics, and computational science, among many others. Armenia (Yerevan Physics Institute [Yerphi]) had the largest electron accelerator in the USSR starting operations in 1967, a machine that was competitive with electron accelerators at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Germany, Daresbury in the United Kingdom, and eventually with the higher-energy electron machines at Universities of Cornell and Stanford in the United States. A map of Armenia is shown in Figure 1. In 1991, Artsakh and the Nagorno-Karapagh region (marked as Azerbaijan in this map) held a referendum of its majority Armenian population and declared its independence from the Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR)–created region of Azerbaijan. Shortly afterward, the population of Armenia also declared its independence and established the autonomous republic of Armenia. The disputed region of Artsakh and Nagorno-Karapagh was the issue and the focus of the attacks of Azerbaijan aided by Turkey and over 20 foreign mercenary groups in the 44-day war of 2020. The separation of Armenia from the Soviet Socialist Republics led to a scientific and economic isolation (at least temporarily) with canceled orders for computers, no access to scientific literature, no funding for scientific instrumentation, and the near collapse of many advanced institutes, including those of the National Science Academies. There was a huge exodus of scientists that could no longer be employed/paid/supported to carry out research in Armenia. The Yerphi, the largest science institute in Armenia, employed up to 4,000 scientists, engineers, and support staff. That number is now reduced to just under 400. Even today, Armenia has the largest number of physicists per capita of any nation in the world—significantly larger than the Russian Federation, China, and the United States. In 2009, an international group of experts (InComEx from the Russian Federation, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, and the United States were invited by the government of Armenia to review/assess/advise Armenia regarding the future of Yerphi under the chairmanship of Prof. Dr. Yuri Oganessian who was then the scientific leader at the Flerov Laboratory in Dubna (Russian Federation). The advice of the international committee of experts resulted in the present-day reality of the conversion of YPIO into the A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory of Armenia (AANL). Yerphi was founded in 1943, and it is now named for its founders, Artyom Alikanyan and his brother Abraham Alikhanov. Alikhanov soon afterward went on to Moscow and with Igor Kurchatov founded the prestigious Kurchatov Institute for Nuclear Energy. The vision of the AANL laboratory is to remain a ","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"23 1","pages":"12 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75409174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2135950
F. Djurabekova, Kai Nordland
The international conference on atomic collisions in solids (ICACS) and the international symposium on swift heavy ions in matter (SHIM) are long-running conference series in the general field of ion beam and nuclear radiation interactions with materials. While originally run as two separate conference series, ICACS being held biannually and SHIM every three years, after around 2010 it became evident that the meetings had much in common both in terms of participants and topics covered. Although not obvious from the name, the ICACS conference in particular had evolved toward dealing much with topics related to ion-induced electronic excitations in materials, which is also key to swift heavy ion effects on materials. Hence, the meetings started to be arranged jointly on some of the occasions. The previous meeting in the series was held jointly in 2018 in Caen, France. The collaborative spirit of joint and specialized sessions during the work of the conferences proved to be mutually beneficial for both communities, and the international committees of both conferences agreed to hold the next meeting in the summer of 2020 in Helsinki. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting could naturally not be held in 2020. It was first postponed to 2021, and then, as the pandemic kept raging, again to 2022. While the omicron variant of the virus still caused serious restrictions to travel and meetings in early 2022, by around March 2022 the European Union countries, Finland included, had concluded that after a majority of the population was vaccinated, COVID-19 was no longer dangerous enough to justify severe restrictions on mobility and meetings. Hence, we could finally proceed with organizing the conference on-site in Helsinki, something the community had long missed. While preparing for the conference, we did, however, recognize that several regions in the world still had serious COVID-19-related travel restrictions in place. Most notably, the meetings have traditionally had large delegations from Japan, China, and Russia, all of which still had serious obstacles to travel in place while the meeting was being planned, and travel normally would have been booked from March to May. As it would have been detrimental to maintaining a truly international community in the fields practically to exclude these countries from attending the conference, it was decided to go for a hybrid format meeting, with a possibility to attend and participate in the discussion for all presentations over the Zoom videoconferencing software. We also organized a virtual poster session utilizing the Zoom breakout room feature. In practice, arranging the hybrid meeting was relatively easy, as the conference room had the necessary facilities for hybrid format presentations already. It was also free of direct costs, as the Zoom sessions were covered by the University of Helsinki secure Zoom license. The number of participants was about 90 onsite (Figure 1) and 80 online (Figu
{"title":"A Successful Pair of Conferences Held in Hybrid Mode in Difficult Times","authors":"F. Djurabekova, Kai Nordland","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2135950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2135950","url":null,"abstract":"The international conference on atomic collisions in solids (ICACS) and the international symposium on swift heavy ions in matter (SHIM) are long-running conference series in the general field of ion beam and nuclear radiation interactions with materials. While originally run as two separate conference series, ICACS being held biannually and SHIM every three years, after around 2010 it became evident that the meetings had much in common both in terms of participants and topics covered. Although not obvious from the name, the ICACS conference in particular had evolved toward dealing much with topics related to ion-induced electronic excitations in materials, which is also key to swift heavy ion effects on materials. Hence, the meetings started to be arranged jointly on some of the occasions. The previous meeting in the series was held jointly in 2018 in Caen, France. The collaborative spirit of joint and specialized sessions during the work of the conferences proved to be mutually beneficial for both communities, and the international committees of both conferences agreed to hold the next meeting in the summer of 2020 in Helsinki. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting could naturally not be held in 2020. It was first postponed to 2021, and then, as the pandemic kept raging, again to 2022. While the omicron variant of the virus still caused serious restrictions to travel and meetings in early 2022, by around March 2022 the European Union countries, Finland included, had concluded that after a majority of the population was vaccinated, COVID-19 was no longer dangerous enough to justify severe restrictions on mobility and meetings. Hence, we could finally proceed with organizing the conference on-site in Helsinki, something the community had long missed. While preparing for the conference, we did, however, recognize that several regions in the world still had serious COVID-19-related travel restrictions in place. Most notably, the meetings have traditionally had large delegations from Japan, China, and Russia, all of which still had serious obstacles to travel in place while the meeting was being planned, and travel normally would have been booked from March to May. As it would have been detrimental to maintaining a truly international community in the fields practically to exclude these countries from attending the conference, it was decided to go for a hybrid format meeting, with a possibility to attend and participate in the discussion for all presentations over the Zoom videoconferencing software. We also organized a virtual poster session utilizing the Zoom breakout room feature. In practice, arranging the hybrid meeting was relatively easy, as the conference room had the necessary facilities for hybrid format presentations already. It was also free of direct costs, as the Zoom sessions were covered by the University of Helsinki secure Zoom license. The number of participants was about 90 onsite (Figure 1) and 80 online (Figu","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"41 1","pages":"32 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2135956
G. Münzenberg, C. Scheidenberger
involved in the PANDA and MUSE collaborations. He offered his service to the hadron and nuclear physics community as a member of the Particle Data Group since 2006 and as Swiss representative to the European Nuclear Physics Collaboration Committee since 2009. Bernd Krusche was an enthusiastic researcher and highly engaged professor particularly committed to the education of students in laboratory exercises. He was not only respected by the nuclear physics community but also by his students and group members who were all fond of him with his warm smile, optimism and advice. Unforgettable is also the experience when entering his office, being overwhelmed by meter-high plants before spotting Bernd in his personal jungle. Last fall he had invited all his present and former students for a get-together, mentioning one should not wait longer, as it might suddenly be too late. With Bernd Krusche we are losing a respected scientist, academic teacher, and valued colleague whose commitment and humanity we will miss; we have lost a friend.
{"title":"In Memoriam: We Mourn Prof. Dr. Dr h.c. mult. Sigurd Hofmann (1944–2022)","authors":"G. Münzenberg, C. Scheidenberger","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2135956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2135956","url":null,"abstract":"involved in the PANDA and MUSE collaborations. He offered his service to the hadron and nuclear physics community as a member of the Particle Data Group since 2006 and as Swiss representative to the European Nuclear Physics Collaboration Committee since 2009. Bernd Krusche was an enthusiastic researcher and highly engaged professor particularly committed to the education of students in laboratory exercises. He was not only respected by the nuclear physics community but also by his students and group members who were all fond of him with his warm smile, optimism and advice. Unforgettable is also the experience when entering his office, being overwhelmed by meter-high plants before spotting Bernd in his personal jungle. Last fall he had invited all his present and former students for a get-together, mentioning one should not wait longer, as it might suddenly be too late. With Bernd Krusche we are losing a respected scientist, academic teacher, and valued colleague whose commitment and humanity we will miss; we have lost a friend.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"10 1","pages":"38 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82939269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2135947
M. Durante
The possibility of killing tumors with ionizing radiation (radiotherapy) was demonstrated shortly after the discovery of X-rays in 1895. The first experience demonstrated that high doses 1 of radiation can kill a tumor but simultaneously induce toxicity in surrounding normal tissues. In other words, to be therapeutically exploited, radiation should control the tumor at a dose lower than the one causing severe toxicity. The region between the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and the tumor control probability (TCP) curves is the therapeutic region (Figure 1). Widening the therapeutic windows is the main goal of radiotherapy research. In fact, treatment of radioresistant tumors is still restricted by normal tissue complications and metastatic spread. The standard dose rate 2 during the radiotherapy treatment ranges between 0.5 and 20 Gy/min, depending on the technology used, and the outcome was considered independent of the dose rate in this range. The paradigm-shift set of experiments performed by a Franco-Swiss collaboration in 2014 [1] demonstrated, surprisingly, that the toxicity in a mouse was reduced at ultra-high dose rate (40 Gy/s) while tumor control remained the same. This unexpected differential effect was named the FLASH effect (Figure 1) and has been since replicated in different preclinical models using radiation of different qualities. Interestingly, as the field was progressing, it became obvious that quoting average dose rate was an oversimplification and today, the FLASH effect is known to depend on the combination of multiple beam parameters and biological factors that are intensively investigated [2] while the clinical translation has already started [3]. Many questions remain to be answered before FLASH can be applied in clinics at a large scale. These challenges will be analyzed and discussed in the following sections.
{"title":"Physical Challenges of FLASH Radiotherapy","authors":"M. Durante","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2135947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2135947","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of killing tumors with ionizing radiation (radiotherapy) was demonstrated shortly after the discovery of X-rays in 1895. The first experience demonstrated that high doses 1 of radiation can kill a tumor but simultaneously induce toxicity in surrounding normal tissues. In other words, to be therapeutically exploited, radiation should control the tumor at a dose lower than the one causing severe toxicity. The region between the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and the tumor control probability (TCP) curves is the therapeutic region (Figure 1). Widening the therapeutic windows is the main goal of radiotherapy research. In fact, treatment of radioresistant tumors is still restricted by normal tissue complications and metastatic spread. The standard dose rate 2 during the radiotherapy treatment ranges between 0.5 and 20 Gy/min, depending on the technology used, and the outcome was considered independent of the dose rate in this range. The paradigm-shift set of experiments performed by a Franco-Swiss collaboration in 2014 [1] demonstrated, surprisingly, that the toxicity in a mouse was reduced at ultra-high dose rate (40 Gy/s) while tumor control remained the same. This unexpected differential effect was named the FLASH effect (Figure 1) and has been since replicated in different preclinical models using radiation of different qualities. Interestingly, as the field was progressing, it became obvious that quoting average dose rate was an oversimplification and today, the FLASH effect is known to depend on the combination of multiple beam parameters and biological factors that are intensively investigated [2] while the clinical translation has already started [3]. Many questions remain to be answered before FLASH can be applied in clinics at a large scale. These challenges will be analyzed and discussed in the following sections.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"29 1","pages":"28 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89924692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2133490
Michel Spiró
{"title":"The International Year of Basic Sciences for a Sustainable Development: 8 July 2022–6 October 2023","authors":"Michel Spiró","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2133490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2133490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"22 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86973430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2100154
I. Mardor
High-intensity neutron beams and large amounts of radioactive nuclei are powerful tools for exploring uncharted areas of basic and applied science. Neutrons are a unique analysis tool for understanding and improvement of fuels, batteries, computer chips, plastics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, nuclear energy via fission and fusion, and more. Neutrons are used for research of nuclear structure and reactions, material science, molecular structure, biological molecules, and can be “smart bullets” for destroying cancer cells in the body with minimal collateral damage. Rare radioactive nuclei are used to investigate element genesis in the universe, physics beyond the Standard Model, and nuclear structure far from stability. The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) [1], under construction at Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC) in Yavne, Israel, is based on a medium-energy, high-current superconducting linear accelerator of protons and deuterons. Its cuttingedge specifications (Table 1) and unique liquid-metal irradiation targets [2, 3] will make SARAF a world-competitive source of neutrons from thermal to high energy, and radioactive nuclei from various areas of the nuclear chart. Due to the novelty of SARAF’s accelerator and target technology, it was divided into two phases. SARAF-I had low energy and high current to test and characterize the required technologies, and was used from 2010 to 2019 for research that utilized its exceptional beams. The full project (SARAF-II, Table 1) was approved in 2015 and is planned to be operational by the middle of this decade.
{"title":"A New Probe to the High-Intensity Frontier: Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF)","authors":"I. Mardor","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2100154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2100154","url":null,"abstract":"High-intensity neutron beams and large amounts of radioactive nuclei are powerful tools for exploring uncharted areas of basic and applied science. Neutrons are a unique analysis tool for understanding and improvement of fuels, batteries, computer chips, plastics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, nuclear energy via fission and fusion, and more. Neutrons are used for research of nuclear structure and reactions, material science, molecular structure, biological molecules, and can be “smart bullets” for destroying cancer cells in the body with minimal collateral damage. Rare radioactive nuclei are used to investigate element genesis in the universe, physics beyond the Standard Model, and nuclear structure far from stability. The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) [1], under construction at Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC) in Yavne, Israel, is based on a medium-energy, high-current superconducting linear accelerator of protons and deuterons. Its cuttingedge specifications (Table 1) and unique liquid-metal irradiation targets [2, 3] will make SARAF a world-competitive source of neutrons from thermal to high energy, and radioactive nuclei from various areas of the nuclear chart. Due to the novelty of SARAF’s accelerator and target technology, it was divided into two phases. SARAF-I had low energy and high current to test and characterize the required technologies, and was used from 2010 to 2019 for research that utilized its exceptional beams. The full project (SARAF-II, Table 1) was approved in 2015 and is planned to be operational by the middle of this decade.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"43 1","pages":"5 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74993887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2100152
M. Lewitowicz, E. Widmann
{"title":"NuPECC Launches Long Range Plan for Nuclear Physics in Europe","authors":"M. Lewitowicz, E. Widmann","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2100152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2100152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"18 1","pages":"4 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74891014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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