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Enhancing charge-emitting shallow traps in metal halide perovskites by >100 times by surface strain 通过表面应变将金属卤化物过氧化物中的电荷发射浅陷阱提高 >100 倍
IF 39.8 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.004
Ying Zhou, Hengkai Zhang, Yeming Xian, Zhifang Shi, Jean Noalick Aboa, Chengbin Fei, Guang Yang, Nengxu Li, Farida A. Selim, Yanfa Yan, Jinsong Huang
The low density of deep trapping defects in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is essential for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Shallow traps in MHPs are speculated to enhance charge recombination lifetime. However, chemical nature and distribution of these shallow traps as well as their impact on solar cell operation remain unknown. Herein, we report that shallow traps are much richer in MHPs than traditional semiconductors, and their density can be enhanced by >100 times through local surface strain, indicating that shallow traps are mainly located at the surface. The surface strain is introduced by anchoring two-amine-terminated molecules onto formamidinium cations, and the shallow traps are formed by the band edge downshifting toward defect levels. The high-density shallow traps temporarily hold one type of charge and increased the concentration of the other type of free carrier in working solar cells by keeping photogenerated charges from bimolecular recombination, resulting in a reduced open-circuit voltage loss to 317 mV.
金属卤化物过氧化物(MHPs)中的低密度深阱缺陷对高性能光电器件至关重要。据推测,MHPs 中的浅阱可提高电荷重组寿命。然而,这些浅陷阱的化学性质和分布以及它们对太阳能电池运行的影响仍然未知。在此,我们报告了 MHPs 中比传统半导体更丰富的浅陷阱,其密度可通过局部表面应变提高 100 倍,这表明浅陷阱主要位于表面。表面应变是通过将两胺端分子锚定在甲脒阳离子上而引入的,浅陷阱则是通过带边向缺陷水平下移而形成的。高密度浅陷阱可暂时保持一种类型的电荷,并通过阻止光生电荷的双分子重组来提高工作太阳能电池中另一种类型自由载流子的浓度,从而将开路电压损耗降低到 317 mV。
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引用次数: 0
Nintedanib for patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a phase 2, open-label, single-arm study 奈替达尼治疗淋巴管瘤病患者:一项开放标签、单臂的2期研究
IF 76.2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00217-0
Sergio Harari, Davide Elia, Antonella Caminati, Jens Geginat, Francesca Luisi, Giuseppe Pelosi, Claudia Specchia, Olga Torre, Roberta Trevisan, Chiara Vasco, Maurizio Zompatori, Roberto Cassandro
<h3>Background</h3>Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is an ultra-rare disease mainly affecting women of childbearing age. The MILES trial showed the efficacy of sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, in stabilising lung function in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Drug toxicity and development of resistance are potential limitations of therapy with sirolimus. Nintedanib is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits PDGFR, which is active in human and murine lymphangioleiomyomatosis lesions. We aimed to investigate the activity and safety of nintedanib in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis.<h3>Methods</h3>This phase 2, open-label, single-arm study was conducted at MultiMedica IRCCS, a national referral university centre for rare pulmonary diseases in Milan, Italy. Eligible participants were aged 18 years and older and had sporadic or tuberous sclerosis complex-associated lymphangioleiomyomatosis with progressive pulmonary function decline in the past year despite treatment with sirolimus or treatment naive. Patients received nintedanib 150 mg orally twice per day, with a possible reduction to 100 mg twice per day in case of side-effects or hepatoxicity, for 12 months, followed by a period of 12 additional months without study treatment. The primary endpoint was the change in FEV<sub>1</sub> (FEV<sub>1</sub> slope in L) over 12 months. This study is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>, <span><span>NCT03062943</span><svg aria-label="Opens in new window" focusable="false" height="20" viewbox="0 0 8 8"><path d="M1.12949 2.1072V1H7V6.85795H5.89111V2.90281L0.784057 8L0 7.21635L5.11902 2.1072H1.12949Z"></path></svg></span>.<h3>Findings</h3>From Oct 14, 2016, to Dec 13, 2019, 35 female patients (mean age 50 years [SD 11]) entered the study, 30 of whom were eligible and received nintedanib. After 12 months, 22 patients completed the treatment, 19 of whom also completed the 12 months of follow-up. FEV<sub>1</sub> remained stable after one year of treatment (predicted mean difference 0·001 L [95% CI –0·063 to 0·066]; p=0·97). During the 12 months off treatment, a slight decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> was observed (predicted mean difference –0·076 L [95% CI –0·149 to –0·004]; p=0·040). The most frequent adverse events were nausea (15 [50%] patients), diarrhoea (eight [26%]), and abdominal pain (two [7%]). No serious adverse events were observed during the treatment period.<h3>Interpretation</h3>Our findings suggest that nintedanib did not improve FEV<sub>1</sub>, but that the treatment was generally well tolerated. These results might support nintedanib as a second-line therapy in patients not controlled by standard treatment with mTOR inhibitors. Further investigation, such as a non-inferiority trial comparing nintedanib and sirolimus could help to better
背景淋巴管瘤病是一种非常罕见的疾病,主要影响育龄妇女。MILES 试验表明,mTOR 抑制剂西罗莫司能有效稳定淋巴管瘤病患者的肺功能。药物毒性和耐药性的产生是西罗莫司治疗的潜在局限性。Nintedanib是一种抑制PDGFR的多激酶抑制剂,在人类和鼠类淋巴管瘤病病变中具有活性。我们旨在研究宁替达尼在淋巴管瘤病患者中的活性和安全性。方法这项 2 期、开放标签、单臂研究在意大利米兰的全国罕见肺病大学转诊中心 MultiMedica IRCCS 进行。符合条件的参与者年龄在18岁及以上,患有散发性或结节性硬化症复合体相关淋巴管瘤病,且在过去一年中尽管接受了西罗莫司治疗但肺功能仍在进行性下降,或者尚未接受治疗。患者口服宁替达尼150毫克,每天两次,持续12个月,如果出现副作用或肝毒性,可减量至100毫克,每天两次,之后12个月不进行研究治疗。主要终点是 12 个月内 FEV1 的变化(以升为单位的 FEV1 斜率)。本研究已在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册,编号为 NCT03062943。研究结果从 2016 年 10 月 14 日至 2019 年 12 月 13 日,35 名女性患者(平均年龄 50 岁 [SD 11])进入研究,其中 30 人符合条件并接受了宁替尼治疗。12 个月后,22 名患者完成了治疗,其中 19 人还完成了 12 个月的随访。治疗一年后,FEV1保持稳定(预测平均差值为0-001 L [95% CI -0-063 to 0-066]; p=0-97)。在停止治疗的 12 个月期间,观察到 FEV1 略有下降(预测平均差值为 -0-076 L [95% CI -0-149 至 -0-004];P=0-040)。最常见的不良反应是恶心(15 名患者 [50%])、腹泻(8 名患者 [26%])和腹痛(2 名患者 [7%])。我们的研究结果表明,宁替尼未改善 FEV1,但治疗耐受性总体良好。这些结果可能支持将宁替尼作为mTOR抑制剂标准治疗无效患者的二线疗法。进一步的研究,如比较宁替达尼和西罗莫司的非劣效性试验,将有助于更好地阐明这种药物作为潜在替代疗法的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The challenge of therapeutic options for patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis 淋巴管瘤病患者治疗方案面临的挑战
IF 76.2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00328-x
Maria Molina-Molina
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Holding your nerve in academia whilst managing multiple sclerosis 在处理多发性硬化症的同时保持学术勇气
IF 38.1 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00661-8
Aisha N. Bismillah, Stephen D. P. Fielden
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Two early-career researchers in supramolecular chemistry share their experiences of navigating academia whilst managing MS.
多发性硬化症(MS)是一种中枢神经系统退行性疾病。两位早期从事超分子化学研究的人员分享了他们在学术界游刃有余地应对多发性硬化症的经验。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the chemistry of mesostructured porous nanoreactors 了解介质结构多孔纳米反应器的化学性质
IF 36.3 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00658-3
Yuzhu Ma, Haitao Li, Jian Liu, Dongyuan Zhao

Porous nanoreactors mimic the structures and functions of cells, providing an adaptable material with multiple functions and effects. These reactors can be nanoscale containers and shuttles or catalytic centres, drawing in reactants for cascading reactions with multishelled designs. The detailed construction of multi-level reactors at the nanometre scale remains a great challenge, but to regulate the reaction pathways within a reactor, designs of great intricacy are required. In this Review, we define the basic structural characteristics of porous nanoreactors, while also discussing the design principles and synthetic chemistry of these structures with respect to their emerging applications in energy storage and heterogeneous catalysis. Finally, we describe the difficulties of the structural optimization of these reactors and propose possible ways to improve porous nanoreactor design for future applications.

多孔纳米反应器模仿细胞的结构和功能,提供了一种具有多种功能和效果的适应性材料。这些反应器可以是纳米级容器和穿梭器,也可以是催化中心,利用多壳设计吸入反应物进行级联反应。纳米级多级反应器的详细构造仍然是一个巨大的挑战,但要调节反应器内的反应途径,就需要非常复杂的设计。在本综述中,我们定义了多孔纳米反应器的基本结构特征,同时还讨论了这些结构的设计原理和合成化学,以及它们在储能和异相催化方面的新兴应用。最后,我们介绍了这些反应器结构优化的难点,并提出了改进多孔纳米反应器设计以促进未来应用的可行方法。
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引用次数: 0
Electro-agriculture: Revolutionizing farming for a sustainable future 电子农业:革新农业,实现可持续未来
IF 39.8 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.011
Bradie S. Crandall, Marcus Harland-Dunaway, Robert E. Jinkerson, Feng Jiao
For millennia, humanity has depended on photosynthesis to cultivate crops and feed a growing population. However, the escalating challenges of climate change and global hunger now compel us to surpass the efficiency limitations of photosynthesis. Here, we propose the adoption of an electro-agriculture (electro-ag) framework that combines CO2 electrolysis with biological systems to enhance food production efficiency. Adopting a food system based entirely on electro-ag could reduce United States agricultural land use by 88%, freeing nearly half of the country’s land for ecosystem restoration and natural carbon sequestration. Electro-ag bypasses traditional photosynthesis, enabling food cultivation in non-arable urban centers, arid deserts, and even outer space environments. We offer a new strategy that improves energy efficiency by an order of magnitude compared with photosynthesis, along with essential guidance for developing electro-ag focused on staple crops, to maximize benefits for regions facing food insecurity. This innovative approach to agriculture holds significant promise in reducing environmental impacts, streamlining supply chains, and addressing the global food crisis.
千百年来,人类依靠光合作用种植作物,养活不断增长的人口。然而,气候变化和全球饥饿带来的挑战不断升级,迫使我们必须超越光合作用的效率限制。在此,我们建议采用电农业(electro-ag)框架,将二氧化碳电解与生物系统相结合,以提高粮食生产效率。采用完全基于电-ag 的粮食系统可使美国农业用地减少 88%,从而腾出近一半的土地用于生态系统恢复和自然碳固存。电-ag 绕过了传统的光合作用,能够在非可耕地的城市中心、干旱沙漠甚至外太空环境中种植粮食。与光合作用相比,我们提出了一种能将能源效率提高一个数量级的新策略,并提供了以主要作物为重点开发电ag的基本指导,从而为面临粮食不安全问题的地区带来最大利益。这种创新的农业方法在减少环境影响、简化供应链和解决全球粮食危机方面大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
An algorithmic looking glass for transitions 过渡时期的算法观察镜
IF 38.1 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00667-2
Alexander Rosu-Finsen
Glass transition temperatures are determined through, for instance, calorimetry, but maybe machine learning models can predict them. Here, researchers test this idea with published data as input for the model, to find a close correlation between predicted and experimental values. 
玻璃转化温度可以通过量热法等方法确定,但机器学习模型或许可以预测玻璃转化温度。在这里,研究人员利用已公布的数据作为模型的输入,对这一想法进行了测试,发现预测值与实验值之间存在密切的相关性;
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引用次数: 0
Youth vaping rates drop in US, but experts remain concerned 美国青少年吸烟率下降,但专家仍表示担忧
IF 76.2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00340-0
Bryant Furlow
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
UK COVID-19 booster vaccination programme 英国 COVID-19 强化疫苗接种计划
IF 76.2 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00341-2
Priya Venkatesan
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Directional regulation on single-molecule redox-targeting reaction in neutral zinc-iron flow batteries 中性锌-铁液流电池中单分子氧化还原定向反应的定向调节
IF 39.8 4区 化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.015
Yichong Cai, Hang Zhang, Tidong Wang, Shibo Xi, Yuxi Song, Sida Rong, Jin Ma, Zheng Han, Chee Tong John Low, Qing Wang, Ya Ji
Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are promising long-duration energy storage systems but struggle with low-energy density due to the inherent properties of liquid electrolytes. Herein, we report a [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−-LiMnxFe1 − xPO4/Zn flow battery utilizing redox-targeting (RT) electrochemical-chemical loop, exhibiting an outstanding energy density of 118.3 Wh L−1, surpassing blank RFB by 5.6 times. Remarkably, the RT reaction between redox mediator [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and solid energy booster LiMnxFe1 − xPO4 is directionally regulated, clearly revealing the quantitative relation between capacity enhancement and potential difference. Moreover, unprecedented Coulombic efficiency (99.9%), solid booster utilization (78.4%), and capacity retention (99.8% per cycle) are achieved at 10 mA cm−2. Intriguingly, operando synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveils the reversible changes of the Fe–O and Fe–Fe bonds in the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−-LiMnxFe1 − xPO4 RT system during real-time monitoring. This work suggests an appealing way for capacity enhancement in ARFBs and provides profound insight into the fundamental chemistry of the RT reaction in safe, energy-dense batteries.
水氧化还原液流电池(ARFB)是一种前景广阔的长效储能系统,但由于液态电解质的固有特性,其能量密度较低。在此,我们报告了一种利用氧化还原靶向(RT)电化学循环的[Fe(CN)6]3-/4--LiMnxFe1 - xPO4/Zn液流电池,其能量密度高达118.3 Wh L-1,是空白液流电池的5.6倍。值得注意的是,氧化还原介质[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-与固体增能剂 LiMnxFe1 - xPO4 之间的 RT 反应是定向调节的,清楚地揭示了容量增强与电位差之间的定量关系。此外,在 10 mA cm-2 的条件下,还实现了前所未有的库仑效率(99.9%)、固体增能剂利用率(78.4%)和容量保持率(每周期 99.8%)。有趣的是,在实时监测过程中,操作同步辐射 X 射线吸收光谱揭示了[Fe(CN)6]3-/4--LiMnxFe1 - xPO4 RT 系统中 Fe-O 和 Fe-Fe 键的可逆变化。这项工作为提高 ARFB 的容量提供了一种有吸引力的方法,并对安全、高能量电池中 RT 反应的基本化学原理提供了深刻的见解。
{"title":"Directional regulation on single-molecule redox-targeting reaction in neutral zinc-iron flow batteries","authors":"Yichong Cai, Hang Zhang, Tidong Wang, Shibo Xi, Yuxi Song, Sida Rong, Jin Ma, Zheng Han, Chee Tong John Low, Qing Wang, Ya Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are promising long-duration energy storage systems but struggle with low-energy density due to the inherent properties of liquid electrolytes. Herein, we report a [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup>-LiMn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1 − x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/Zn flow battery utilizing redox-targeting (RT) electrochemical-chemical loop, exhibiting an outstanding energy density of 118.3 Wh L<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing blank RFB by 5.6 times. Remarkably, the RT reaction between redox mediator [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup> and solid energy booster LiMn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1 − x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> is directionally regulated, clearly revealing the quantitative relation between capacity enhancement and potential difference. Moreover, unprecedented Coulombic efficiency (99.9%), solid booster utilization (78.4%), and capacity retention (99.8% per cycle) are achieved at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Intriguingly, <em>operando</em> synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveils the reversible changes of the Fe–O and Fe–Fe bonds in the [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup>-LiMn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1 − x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> RT system during real-time monitoring. This work suggests an appealing way for capacity enhancement in ARFBs and provides profound insight into the fundamental chemistry of the RT reaction in safe, energy-dense batteries.","PeriodicalId":38,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
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