European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry最新文献

Light incident upon materials can induce changes in their electrical conductivity, a phenomenon referred to as photoresistance. In semiconductors, the photoresistance is negative, as light-induced promotion of electrons across the bandgap enhances the number of charge carriers participating in transport. In superconductors and normal metals, the photoresistance is positive because of the destruction of the superconducting state and enhanced momentum-relaxing scattering, respectively. Here we report a qualitative deviation from the standard behaviour in doped metallic graphene. We show that Dirac electrons exposed to continuous-wave terahertz (THz) radiation can be thermally decoupled from the lattice, which activates hydrodynamic electron transport. In this regime, the resistance of graphene constrictions experiences a decrease caused by the THz-driven superballistic flow of correlated electrons. We analyse the dependencies of the negative photoresistance on the carrier density, and the radiation power, and show that our superballistic devices operate as sensitive phonon-cooled bolometers and can thus offer, in principle, a picosecond-scale response time. Beyond their fundamental implications, our findings underscore the practicality of electron hydrodynamics in designing ultra-fast THz sensors and electron thermometers.

Mesoporous structured electron transport layers (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have an increased surface contact with the perovskite layer, enabling effective charge separation and extraction, and high-efficiency devices. However, the most widely used ETL material in PSCs, TiO₂, requires a sintering temperature of more than 500 °C and undergoes photocatalytic reaction under incident illumination that limits operational stability. Recent efforts have focused on finding alternative ETL materials, such as SnO₂. Here we propose mesoporous MoS₂ as an efficient and stable ETL material. The MoS₂ interlayer increases the surface contact area with the adjacent perovskite layer, improving charge transfer dynamics between the two layers. In addition, the matching between the MoS₂ and the perovskite lattices facilitates preferential growth of perovskite crystals with low residual strain, compared with TiO₂. Using mesoporous structured MoS₂ as ETL, we obtain PSCs with 25.7% (0.08 cm², certified 25.4%) and 22.4% (1.00 cm²) efficiencies. Under continuous illumination, our cell remains stable for more than 2,000 h, demonstrating improved photostability with respect to TiO₂.

The Front Cover shows the electrocatalytic activity of a cobalt corrole for CO₂ reduction. In their Research Article, A. Aukauloo, G. Canard and co-workers report how they designed an electron-deficient A₂B-type corrole featuring two −CF₃ groups and a cyanobenzene at the meso positions, along with its cobalt complex. When adsorbed on a carbon electrode, the A₂B cobalt corrole exhibited excellent catalytic performance for CO production and demonstrated the ability to convert CO₂ to methanol.

Metal-organic frameworks of the CPO-27 (MOF-74) series are known for their high adsorption capacities for nitrogen oxides. On the other hand, significantly varying and partly contradictory results were reported regarding their stability to moisture. This aspect has hampered the use of these MOFs in air filtration applications. Here, we show that the stability of CPO-27 materials towards moisture and CO₂ crucially depends on the synthesis parameters. By precisely adjusting the synthetic parameter-property relationship, it is possible to prepare a highly stable CPO-27(Ni) MOF by a simple precipitation in water. To demonstrate the capacity for NO₂, breakthrough experiments were performed under dry and wet conditions (55% relative humidity). Extremely high values of nearly 0.74 g/g in dry conditions and 1.23 g/g under wet conditions were achieved. These results pave the way for the toxicologically safe and cost-effective preparation of a moisture-stable CPO-27(Ni), bridging the gap to a potential industrial application of the material for the selective adsorption of toxic gases, such as NO₂.

The inherent limits of traditional diagnoses and therapies have driven the development and application of emerging nanotechnologies for more effective and safer management of diseases, herein referred to as ‘nanotheranostics’. Although many important technological successes have been achieved in this field, widespread adoption of nanotheranostics as a new paradigm is hindered by specific obstacles, including time-consuming synthesis of nanoparticles, incomplete understanding of nano–bio interactions, and challenges regarding chemistry, manufacturing and the controls required for clinical translation and commercialization. As a key branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) provides a set of tools capable of performing time-consuming and result-perception tasks, thus offering unique opportunities for nanotheranostics. This Review summarizes the progress and challenges in this emerging field of ML-aided nanotheranostics, and discusses the opportunities in developing next-generation nanotheranostics with reliable datasets and advanced ML models to offer better clinical benefits to patients.

Systemic delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) for tissue-specific targeting using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) holds great therapeutic potential. Nevertheless, how the structural characteristics of ionizable lipids (lipidoids) impact their capability to target cells and organs remains unclear. Here we engineered a class of siloxane-based ionizable lipids with varying structures and formulated siloxane-incorporated LNPs (SiLNPs) to control in vivo mRNA delivery to the liver, lung and spleen in mice. The siloxane moieties enhance cellular internalization of mRNA-LNPs and improve their endosomal escape capacity, augmenting their mRNA delivery efficacy. Using organ-specific SiLNPs to deliver gene editing machinery, we achieve robust gene knockout in the liver of wild-type mice and in the lungs of both transgenic GFP and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumour-bearing mice. Moreover, we showed effective recovery from viral infection-induced lung damage by delivering angiogenic factors with lung-targeted Si₅-N14 LNPs. We envision that our SiLNPs will aid in the clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics for next-generation tissue-specific protein replacement therapies, regenerative medicine and gene editing.